Dialogu Kosov\u00eb-Serbi, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuar nga Bashkimi Europian q\u00eb nga viti 2011, \u00ebsht\u00eb ballafaquar me sfida n\u00eb udh\u00ebn e normalizimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve midis dy vendeve. Megjithat\u00eb, lufta n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb injektoi nj\u00eb ndjesi urgjence dhe prodhoi nj\u00eb shtys\u00eb t\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar dialogun.<\/p>\n
Kjo gj\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb nj\u00eb ofensiv\u00eb t\u00eb re diplomatike, e cila kulmoi me finalizimin e Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Brukselit dhe Aneksin e Zbatimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb shkurt dhe mars t\u00eb vitit 2023 respektivisht.<\/p>\n
Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrpjekjeve, marr\u00ebveshja e re d\u00ebshtoi n\u00eb arritjen e rezultatit t\u00eb synuar, pasi n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, presidenti serb Aleksandar Vu\u00e7iq shkeli dispozitat e saj.<\/p>\n
Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, BE-ja dhe ShBA-ja zgjodh\u00ebn t\u00eb heshtnin dhe nuk ia dol\u00ebn ta mbanin Serbin\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr veprimet e saj. Kjo munges\u00eb e reagimit nga Per\u00ebndimi minoi zbatimin dhe efektivitetin e marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb re dhe, rrjedhimisht, nuk u sh\u00ebnuan p\u00ebrparime t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb negociata.<\/p>\n
BE-ja nuk ia doli t\u00eb kapitalizoj\u00eb situat\u00ebn<\/strong><\/p>\n BE-ja nisi dialogun Kosov\u00eb-Serbi m\u00eb 2011 p\u00ebr t\u2019i normalizuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet midis Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur bashk\u00ebpunim m\u00eb t\u00eb frytsh\u00ebm midis Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb. Negociatat sh\u00ebnuan nj\u00eb sukses fillestar dhe m\u00eb 2013 BE-ja ia doli ta p\u00ebrmbyllte marr\u00ebveshjen e par\u00eb p\u00ebr normalizimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve midis Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb.<\/p>\n Sipas marr\u00ebveshjes, Kosova u pajtua t\u00eb themeloj\u00eb nj\u00eb Asociacion\/Bashk\u00ebsi t\u00eb Komunave me Shumic\u00eb Serbe, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb autonomi serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, Serbia u angazhua t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb strukturat e saj paralele n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe integrimin e tyre n\u00eb sistemin juridik dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n BE-ja i shp\u00ebrbleu t\u00eb dyja vendet p\u00ebr qasjen e tyre konstruktive. Kosova n\u00ebnshkroi marr\u00ebveshjen e par\u00eb kontraktuale me BE-n\u00eb, Marr\u00ebveshjen e Stabilizim-Asociimit \u2013 hapi i par\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm drejt udh\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb integrimit n\u00eb BE \u2013 nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Serbia nisi bisedimet p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim n\u00eb BE.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, BE-ja nuk shfryt\u00ebzoi suksesin e saj, pasi si Brukseli, ashtu edhe vendet an\u00ebtare, humb\u00ebn interesimin p\u00ebr zgjerim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb lodhjes nga zgjerimi. Ky ndryshim pati nj\u00eb efekt domino n\u00eb dialog. Vu\u00e7iqi i kuptoi implikimet shpejt dhe\u00a0humbi interesin<\/a>\u00a0p\u00ebr procesin e normalizimit.<\/p>\n Rrjedhimisht, progresi n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka ngecur duke qen\u00eb se zbatimi i Asociacionit\/Bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Komunave me Shumic\u00eb Serbe \u00ebsht\u00eb shmangur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive.<\/p>\n Perspektiva e an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit n\u00eb BE ishte instrumentale n\u00eb kontekstin e leht\u00ebsimit t\u00eb normalizimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve midis Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb. Procesi i dialogut u zhvillua vrullsh\u00ebm n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 2010, kur premtimi p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim u konsiderua i besuesh\u00ebm. Sidoqoft\u00eb, mungesa e progresit e b\u00ebri gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn dhe Serbin\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimin midis tyre dhe p\u00ebrmbushjen e premtimeve t\u00eb tyre fillestare.<\/p>\n Lufta n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb krijon nj\u00eb momentum t\u00eb ri<\/strong><\/p>\n Lufta totale n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb q\u00eb nisi n\u00eb shkurt t\u00eb vitit 2022 shkaktoi val\u00eb trondit\u00ebse n\u00eb Europ\u00eb dhe n\u00ebnvizoi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e angazhimit m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr pik\u00eb e cenueshme n\u00eb sigurin\u00eb dhe stabilitetin e Europ\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Strategjia pas interesit t\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrir\u00eb t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit ishte e dyfisht\u00eb: q\u00eb Kosova dhe Serbia t\u00eb afroheshin n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje p\u00ebr normalizimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb Serbia t\u00eb largohej nga orbita ruse.<\/p>\n Brenda pak muajsh filluan t\u00eb qarkullonin lajme se ekzistonte nj\u00eb propozim franko-gjerman p\u00ebr normalizimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve midis Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb. T\u00eb d\u00ebrguarit francez\u00eb dhe gjerman\u00eb vizituan Prishtin\u00ebn dhe Beogradin n\u00eb shtator t\u00eb vitit 2022 p\u00ebr t\u00eb diskutuar n\u00eb lidhje me propozimin.<\/p>\n N\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit, shefi i Politik\u00ebs s\u00eb Jashtme t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, Josep Borrell, konfirmoi se nj\u00eb\u00a0version i p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar<\/a>\u00a0u ishte d\u00ebrguar p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb, duke krijuar k\u00ebsisoj nj\u00eb momentum p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjen e re.<\/p>\n Pas disa raundesh takimesh dhe diskutimesh, m\u00eb 27 shkurt 2023, Vu\u00e7iqi dhe kryeministri i Kosov\u00ebs, Albin Kurti, u takuan n\u00eb Bruksel dhe pranuan draftin e BE-s\u00eb.\u00a0Borrelli<\/a>\u00a0deklaroi se nevojiteshin bisedime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme p\u00ebr ta diskutuar zbatimin e tij. Sidoqoft\u00eb, ai n\u00ebnvizoi faktin se nuk nevojiteshin diskutime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejme lidhur me propozimin e BE-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n Marr\u00ebveshja e BE-s\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0thot\u00eb se Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb pajtuar t\u00eb vendos\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb vet\u00ebqeverisjes p\u00ebr komunitetin serb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Serbia \u00ebsht\u00eb pajtuar t\u00eb mos e kund\u00ebrshtoj\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimin e Kosov\u00ebs nj\u00eb asnj\u00eb organizat\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare (Neni 4). P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt jan\u00eb pajtuar t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb mira fqinj\u00ebsore dhe t\u2019i njohin simbolet komb\u00ebtare dhe dokumentet e nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs dhe \u2013 m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u2013 t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb misione t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme, nd\u00ebr dispozita t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n Tri jav\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb,\u00a0Josep Borrell<\/a>\u00a0shkroi n\u00eb Twitter \u201cNe kemi nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje\u201d \u2013 duke njoftuar se pal\u00ebt m\u00eb n\u00eb fund jan\u00eb marr\u00eb vesh p\u00ebr nj\u00eb\u00a0aneks zbatimi<\/a>\u00a0q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb integrale t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes. Aneksi u b\u00ebn thirrje Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha dispozitat q\u00eb dalin nga marr\u00ebveshja dhe po ashtu njofton krijimin e nj\u00eb komiteti t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, t\u00eb kryesuar nga BE-ja, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrur zbatimin e marr\u00ebveshjes.<\/p>\n Asnj\u00eb progres i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Entuziazmi fillestar i Borrellit u zbeh shpejt, pasi presidenti serb menj\u00ebher\u00eb minoi marr\u00ebveshjen. Edhe pse Vu\u00e7iqi u pajtua verbalisht me marr\u00ebveshjen, ai refuzoi ta n\u00ebnshkruante at\u00eb. Dy dit\u00eb pasi marr\u00ebveshja ishte arritur, Vu\u00e7iqi u zotua se do ta kund\u00ebrshtonte an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimin e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb Kombet e Bashkuara, duke shkelur Nenin 4. Dy muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, Serbia votoi kund\u00ebr kandidatur\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Europ\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr shkelje e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e marr\u00ebveshjes.<\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebtyre shkeljeve, BE-ja dhe ShBA-ja q\u00ebndruan t\u00eb heshtura. Kjo gj\u00eb shkaktoi zhg\u00ebnjim t\u00eb madh, sepse BE-ja mori p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb komitet t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrur zbatimin e marr\u00ebveshjes.<\/p>\n BE-ja dhe ShBA-ja nuk ia dol\u00ebn ta mbanin Serbin\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr respektimin e t\u00eb gjitha dispozitave t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes, gj\u00eb q\u00eb krijoi nj\u00eb \u00e7ekuilib\u00ebr n\u00eb dialog dhe minoi efektivitetin e marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb re.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, Marr\u00ebveshja e dyt\u00eb e Brukselit nuk i mori parasysh zgjedhjet lokale n\u00eb kat\u00ebr komunat veriore me shumic\u00eb serbe, q\u00eb ishin planifikuar t\u00eb mbaheshin n\u00eb prill t\u00eb vitit 2023. Presidenti Vu\u00e7iq organizoi nj\u00eb bojkot kolektiv t\u00eb papritur, q\u00eb rezultoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrje prej m\u00eb pak se kat\u00ebr p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb votime, duke lejuar rrjedhimisht partit\u00eb politike shqiptare t\u00eb merrnin kontrollin mbi komunat.<\/p>\n Marrja e detyr\u00ebs nga kryetar\u00ebt e rinj hasi n\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb nga serb\u00ebt vendas, q\u00eb tentuan t\u00eb sulmojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesat komunale, duke \u00e7uar k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb p\u00ebrleshje t\u00eb dhunshme me policin\u00eb.<\/p>\n Pas p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzimit t\u00eb situat\u00ebs, BE-ja dhe ShBA-ja i k\u00ebrkuan ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht Kosov\u00ebs t\u2019i ndal\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb masat e dhunshme. Forca paqeruajt\u00ebse nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e NATO-s, KFOR-i, u vendos n\u00eb veri, por kjo nuk mjaftoi p\u00ebr t\u2019i ulur tensionet.<\/p>\n Turmat lokale sulmuan dhjet\u00ebra ushtar\u00eb t\u00eb KFOR-it, duke p\u00ebrdorur granata dhe arm\u00eb zjarri, me \u00e7\u2019rast l\u00ebnduan 30 persona, tre nga ta n\u00eb gjendje kritike. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, Vu\u00e7iqi vuri ushtrin\u00eb n\u00eb gatishm\u00ebri luftarake dhe i zhvendosi trupat af\u00ebr kufirit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Duke pasur parasysh tensionet e larta, qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs refuzoi largimin e nj\u00ebsive speciale t\u00eb policis\u00eb dhe arrestoi dhjet\u00ebra serb\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb sulme t\u00eb dhunshme. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb nj\u00eb akt t\u00eb qart\u00eb agresioni, xhandarm\u00ebria serbe rr\u00ebmbeu tri roje kufitare t\u00eb policis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe refuzoi t\u2019i liroj\u00eb p\u00ebr dy jav\u00eb.<\/p>\n Per\u00ebndimi l\u00ebshoi deklarata t\u00eb cilat i k\u00ebrkonin Kosov\u00ebs t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqte nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj speciale, por Prishtina mbajti q\u00ebndrimin e saj dhe nuk u t\u00ebrhoq. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, as BE-ja dhe as ShBA-ja nuk u treguan t\u00eb gatshme t\u00eb prisnin m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se disa dit\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat e tyre t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoheshin. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, ShBA-ja shpalli nj\u00eb raund t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb pasojave duke p\u00ebrjashtuar Kosov\u00ebn nga \u201cDefender Europe 23\u201d \u2013 nj\u00eb st\u00ebrvitje ushtarake e udh\u00ebhequr nga ShBA-ja \u2013 dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnoi q\u00eb do t\u00eb shqyrtonte edhe veprime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebn her\u00eb, BE-ja vendosi sanksione kund\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebs. Kjo renditje suksesive e ngjarjeve \u00e7oi n\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin e situat\u00ebs n\u00eb veri dhe zvog\u00ebloi shanset p\u00ebr zbatimin e marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb re.<\/p>\n Zhbllokimi i ng\u00ebr\u00e7it<\/strong><\/p>\n Progresi n\u00eb dialogun Kosov\u00eb-Serbi varet nga p\u00ebrpjekjet kolektive t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb dhe ShBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i mbajtur t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar zbatimin e t\u00eb gjitha marr\u00ebveshjeve.<\/p>\n Shkelja fillestare e marr\u00ebveshjes nga Vu\u00e7iqi dhe organizimi i bojkotit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs ia v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuan Kosov\u00ebs vazhdimin e planeve t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr themelimin e Asociacionit\/Bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Komunave me Shumic\u00eb Serbe. Tensionet u p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuan tutje me vendosjen e trupave serbe pran\u00eb kufirit me Kosov\u00ebn dhe rr\u00ebmbimin e tri rojeve kufitare t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Derisa t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunuese, \u00ebsht\u00eb esenciale t\u00eb merren parasysh modelet e sjelljes n\u00eb momentin kur b\u00ebhet vler\u00ebsimi i situat\u00ebs. Sjellja jokonstruktive dhe agresive e Serbis\u00eb mbetet e paadresuar.<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Kosov\u00ebs i \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb presion q\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqet nga nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e territorit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur operacionet e siguris\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrcjelljen e kryetar\u00ebve t\u00eb komunave t\u00eb zgjedhur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb demokratike n\u00eb postet e tyre. Kjo pask\u00ebtaj kulmoi me sanksione kund\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n P\u00ebrgjigjja aspak proporcionale e BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb gabim strategjik. Kjo qasje minon efektivitetin e zbatimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb BE-s\u00eb dhe d\u00ebmton dialogun.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb shtysa e rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrir\u00eb n\u00eb dialog ishte nj\u00eb hap n\u00eb drejtimin e duhur, mungesa e nj\u00eb reagimi t\u00eb duhur karshi shkeljeve t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeve dhe madje edhe progresit, ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb dialogu t\u00eb humbas\u00eb vrullin dhe kredibilitetin.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr ta kap\u00ebrcyer ng\u00ebr\u00e7in, BE-ja dhe ShBA-ja duhet ta rivler\u00ebsojn\u00eb qasjen e tyre karshi dialogut dhe t\u2019i mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse. Pa veprim n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb duhur dhe pa angazhim kuptimplot\u00eb, dialogu rrezikon t\u00eb mbetet i bllokuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje stagnimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm, duke komplikuar k\u00ebsisoj edhe m\u00eb tutje perspektivat p\u00ebr normalizimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve midis Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb dhe duke k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar stabilitetin rajonal n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor.<\/p>\n