Artikulli i p\u00ebrkthyer.<\/p>\n
Si sfond p\u00ebr tekstin e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm, n\u00eb vitet 1989-1990, kam pas\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb burs\u00eb akademike n\u00eb Fakultetin e Shkencave Politike t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Zagrebit p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebrkime mbi “zhvillimin e biznesit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb sektorit privat n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi socialiste”, si pjes\u00eb e planit tim t\u00eb doktoratur\u00ebs mbi \u201cnovacionin politik n\u00eb zbatimin e politikave n\u00eb Jugosllavin\u00eb socialiste\u201d. Doli se \u2018risia politike\u2019 q\u00eb po ndodhte n\u00eb Kroaci at\u00eb vit ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse sesa formula p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn ekonomike \u2018jasht\u00eb kutis\u00eb\u2019 q\u00eb po ndodhte n\u00eb Kroaci dhe Jugosllavi n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n P\u00ebrderisa b\u00ebja k\u00ebrkimet e mia mbi bizneset fillestare t\u00eb sektorit privat, shoqatat e biznesmen\u00ebve t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb ngjashme, iu ktheva plot\u00ebsisht transformimeve politike q\u00eb po ndodhnin at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb Kroaci. Kam marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb mbledhjet e rregullta t\u00eb Shoqat\u00ebs p\u00ebr Nism\u00ebn Demokratike Jugosllave dhe kam bashk\u00ebpunuar n\u00eb projekte k\u00ebrkimore me shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt politik\u00eb q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb p\u00ebrpara q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin Sekretarin e sapozgjedhur t\u00eb Lidhjes Kroate t\u00eb Komunist\u00ebve, Ivica Ra\u00e7an. Kam par\u00eb nga af\u00ebr n\u00eb televizor Kongresin e 13-t\u00eb t\u00eb Jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Partis\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1990, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoi me daljen e delegacioneve t\u00eb partis\u00eb sllovene dhe kroate nga Kongresi. Dhe vura re se si nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh emigrant\u00ebsh politik\u00eb filluan t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb Kroaci p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb pas shum\u00eb vitesh. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas k\u00ebsaj, zgjedhjet u caktuan n\u00eb Kroaci p\u00ebr prill 1990, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas zgjedhjeve n\u00eb Slloveni, dhe zgjedhjet paraprir\u00ebse n\u00eb republikat e tjera jugosllave gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit. Nuk ishte plot\u00ebsisht e qart\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, por ky ishte nj\u00eb nga aktet e hershme t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb.<\/p>\n M\u00eb 1 qershor 1990, i shkrova mikut tim t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb dhe historianit amerikan, profesorit Lawson Bowling nga Kolegji Manhattanville n\u00eb Purchase, NY, n\u00eb apartamentin tim jasht\u00eb Ilic\u00ebs, nj\u00eb ndales\u00eb tramvaji p\u00ebrpara Sheshit t\u00eb Revolucionit Francez. E shkrova n\u00eb stilin e artikujve q\u00eb kisha botuar n\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshmen “Start” t\u00eb Zagrebit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjesh gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit, dhe gjithashtu i d\u00ebrgova nj\u00eb kopje kolegut tim, historianit t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Yale, profesorit Ivo Banac si nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi okulare n\u00eb epok\u00ebn para internetit dhe mediave sociale. Nuk e kam ndryshuar q\u00eb kur \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1990.<\/p>\n Dje, Zagrebi qe d\u00ebshmitar i inaugurimit t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb par\u00eb kroate t\u00eb zgjedhur n\u00eb zgjedhjet shum\u00ebpartiake q\u00eb nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Kjo ngjarje \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa thjesht rezultat i zgjedhjeve t\u00eb thjeshta lokale, pasi vet\u00eb zgjedhjet ishin raundi i dyt\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb zgjedhje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjasht\u00eb republikat dhe q\u00eb do t\u00eb kulmojn\u00eb me zgjedhjet federale n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1991. N\u00eb versionin aktual jugosllav t\u00eb pluralizmit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs politike, kjo ngjarje mund t\u00eb merret si nj\u00eb lloj treguesi i gj\u00ebrave q\u00eb do t\u00eb vijn\u00eb. Dhe, si gjetiu n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb dikur e quajt\u00ebm \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht \u201cbota komuniste\u201d, komunist\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrz\u00ebn\u00eb nga detyra.<\/p>\n Qeveria u formua nga HDZ-ja [Bashkimi Demokratik Kroat], nj\u00eb parti nacionaliste nga e cila intelektual\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb \u201crespektuar\u201d mbet\u00ebn margjinave. HDZ-ja fitoi af\u00ebrisht 63% t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb tri dhomat e parlamentit. Mor\u00ebn ve\u00e7 rreth 42% t\u00eb votave. Si ndodhi kjo? P\u00ebrve\u00e7 kandidat\u00ebve t\u00eb pavarur dhe nj\u00eb koalicioni t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr, n\u00eb gar\u00eb ishin edhe dy grupe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb financuara relativisht mir\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb njohura. I pari ishte \u201cKoalicioni i Pajtimit Komb\u00ebtar\u201d. Ishte i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb gam\u00eb ideologjikisht e gjer\u00eb partish, nga socialdemokrat\u00ebt e majt\u00eb t\u00eb moderuar te Partia Demokratike Kroate e krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb e nacionaliste, e kryesuar nga \u201cpersonalitete jopartiake\u201d dhe ish-udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit kroat\u00eb Miko Tripalo dhe Savka Dapcevic Kucar, t\u00eb dy t\u00eb d\u00ebbuar pas \u201cPranver\u00ebs Kroate\u201d nacionaliste t\u00eb vitit 1971. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, Lidhja e Komunist\u00ebve, q\u00eb tashti e quan veten \u201cPartia e Ndryshimeve Demokratike\u201d, drejtohej nga nj\u00eb grup reformator\u00ebsh q\u00eb kishin iniciuar zyrtarisht t\u00eb gjith\u00eb procesin e pluralizmit politik n\u00eb kongresin e 11-t\u00eb, t\u00eb mbajtur n\u00eb dhjetor, gati dy vjet pasi shoqatat e pavarura politike u shfaq\u00ebn p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00eb.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Partia u detyrua t\u00eb vepronte sipas protokollit t\u00eb saj, Koalicioni e portretizoi veten si nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb e sofistikuar antikomuniste. HDZ-ja (shum\u00eb nga lider\u00ebt e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs jan\u00eb gjithashtu ish-komunist\u00eb dhe ish-partizan\u00eb t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore), v\u00ebrtet m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje sesa parti, nga njer\u00ebzit e zakonsh\u00ebm, n\u00ebse jo nga intelektual\u00ebt, u pa si nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb serioze \u2013 sesa mund t\u00eb ishte Koalicioni \u2013 kundrejt \u201cKomunizmit\u201d. Njer\u00ebzit votuan p\u00ebr ta si p\u00ebr ta kund\u00ebrshtuar sundimin shpesh arbitrar dhe korrupsionin e Partis\u00eb Komuniste p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb 45 vjet\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit. Sikund\u00ebr Lenini apo Tito para tyre, lider\u00ebt nga HDZ-ja dhe Koalicioni kaluan koh\u00eb n\u00eb burg. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XX, nj\u00eb d\u00ebnim me burg shihet si nj\u00eb hap i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb karrier\u00eb politike n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore, si nj\u00eb simbol i virtytit moral n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb politike t\u00eb ndotur nga korrupsioni e kompromisi.<\/p>\n Populli kroat gjithashtu votoi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb afirmim t\u00eb identitetit komb\u00ebtar kroat. Shpesh kam d\u00ebgjuar nga njer\u00ebzit to thon\u00eb se \u201cne s\u2019kemi qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb krenohemi q\u00eb jemi kroat\u00eb q\u00eb nga lufta. Tashti nuk duhet t\u00eb kemi m\u00eb turp\u201d. N\u00eb mendjet e tyre, kroat\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri sovran\u00eb dhe zot\u00ebrues t\u00eb fatit t\u00eb tyre kolektiv. Ata votuan gjithashtu p\u00ebr nj\u00eb afirmim t\u00eb identitetit fetar. Pozicioni i fort\u00eb \u201cpro jet\u00ebs\u201d i HDZ-s\u00eb ishte i mir\u00ebnjohur dhe kishtar\u00ebt anemban\u00eb Kroacis\u00eb i dhan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb fort\u00eb partis\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb heshtur, megjith\u00ebq\u00eb zyrtarisht mbet\u00ebn neutral\u00eb. Fituesit do ta kthejn\u00eb favorin, natyrisht. N\u00eb inaugurimin e nj\u00eb qeverie lokale t\u00eb porsazgjedhur, presidenti i K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Qarkut vendosi nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb kishe t\u00eb re n\u00eb krye t\u00eb agjend\u00ebs politike t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. \u201cP\u00ebr 45 vjet \u2013 tha ai duke e ekzagjeruar paksa \u2013 nuk na \u00ebsht\u00eb lejuar t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb n\u00eb kish\u00eb. Synojm\u00eb ta ndreqim k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb p\u00ebr s\u00eb mbari.\u201d Fitorja e HDZ-s\u00eb ishte fitore p\u00ebr Zotin dhe vendin.<\/p>\n Pse ngjau nj\u00eb humbje kaq d\u00ebrmuese e Komunist\u00ebve, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur ata p\u00ebrcaktuan vet\u00eb rregullat e loj\u00ebs elektorale? Partia, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb zgjodhi arbitrarisht dat\u00ebn e zgjedhjeve, por ekspert\u00ebt e saj shkruan edhe ligjin zgjedhor. At\u00ebher\u00eb, pse ai hendek midis votave t\u00eb fituara nga HDZ-ja dhe p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb saj t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb parlament? K\u00ebtu, gjenit\u00eb n\u00eb Parti u zhg\u00ebnjyen: avokat\u00ebt e tyre mendonin se duke qen\u00eb se Partia ishte m\u00eb e organizuar se \u00e7do grup i porsaformuar, do t\u00eb fitonte nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme parlamentare duke fituar me shumic\u00eb votash. Sikund\u00ebr m\u00eb than\u00eb njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb q\u00ebndronin pas fushat\u00ebs elektorale t\u00eb Partis\u00eb, \u201cne jemi ndryshe nga Partia gjetk\u00eb n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore. Ne erdh\u00ebm n\u00eb pushtet me nj\u00eb revolucion popullor dhe vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb g\u00ebzojm\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje sesa partit\u00eb gjetk\u00eb.\u201d Tekefundit \u2013 shtuan ata \u2013 ne mor\u00ebm iniciativ\u00ebn p\u00ebr krijimin e pluralizmit politik\u201d. Ata gabimisht menduan q\u00eb zgjedhjet shum\u00ebpartiake do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin nj\u00eb plebishit q\u00eb thjesht do t\u00eb legjitimonte udh\u00ebheqjen e tyre t\u00eb re e t\u00eb reformuar. K\u00ebsisoj, ligji zgjedhor kroat k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb sistem mazhoritar dhe jo nj\u00eb sistem proporcional n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha dhomat e parlamentit. N\u00ebse asnj\u00eb parti nuk do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb raundin e par\u00eb t\u00eb votimit, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kandidat\u00ebt me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 7% n\u00eb raundin e par\u00eb do t\u00eb garonin p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Do t\u00eb fitonte pastaj kandidati me m\u00eb shum\u00eb vota n\u00eb raundin e dyt\u00eb. Ashtu si n\u00eb sistemin e Anglis\u00eb t\u00eb votimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb zone t\u00eb vetme, partit\u00eb q\u00eb fitojn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb votave mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnp\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuara.<\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb loj\u00eb me tri rrug\u00eb, Koalicioni ishte delja e zez\u00eb dhe humbi r\u00ebnd\u00eb. Miko dhe Savka qan\u00eb n\u00eb mitingjet me besnik\u00ebt n\u00eb kujtim t\u00eb \u201cPranver\u00ebs Kroate\u201d t\u00eb 19 vjet\u00ebve m\u00eb par\u00eb, por kurrkush nuk donte t\u00eb votonte p\u00ebr humb\u00ebsit q\u00eb dikur ishin ish-komunist\u00eb t\u00eb dalluar dhe njer\u00ebz t\u00eb preferuar t\u00eb Titos. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, HDZ-ja e kapi momentin dhe fitoi bindsh\u00ebm. Ishte gjithashtu m\u00eb e organizuar sesa Partia. 45 vjet\u00ebt n\u00eb pushtet e kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb \u201cPartin\u00eb e Ndryshimit Demokratik\u201d m\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb vet\u00ebk\u00ebnaqur dhe burokracia e saj e madhe u tregua po aq joefikase n\u00eb fushat\u00ebn e saj sa \u00e7\u2019ishte dhe n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme. M\u00eb kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb vesh\u00eb llafet p\u00ebr afishet q\u00eb s\u2019jan\u00eb ngjitur kund dhe kutit\u00eb postare t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta. Kam par\u00eb se si q\u00ebndrimet e HDZ-s\u00eb n\u00eb sheshin kryesor t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs n\u00eb Zagreb mendoheshin m\u00eb her\u00ebt dhe m\u00eb gjat\u00eb sesa ato t\u00eb Partis\u00eb. N\u00eb tubimet e HDZ-s\u00eb vura re nj\u00eb pasion q\u00eb mungonte krejt\u00ebsisht n\u00eb ato pun\u00ebt dinjitoze t\u00eb sponsorizuara nga Partia dhe Koalicioni. Me pak fjal\u00eb, njer\u00ebzit e HDZ-s\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb uritur sesa ata t\u00eb Partis\u00eb; dhe, m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, ata ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar ndaj kauz\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre. Partia u reduktua n\u00eb piknik\u00eb t\u00eb reklamuar n\u00ebp\u00ebr radiostacione me sugjerime q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb sillnin ushqimin e tyre ose ta blinin atje, sepse \u201ctashti ka demokraci dhe ju mund t\u00eb zgjidhni vet\u00eb\u201d, sikur t\u00eb donin t\u2019u tregonin njer\u00ebzve se sa pak mund\u00ebsi zgjedhjeje kan\u00eb pasur n\u00eb 45 vjet\u00ebt e kaluar. Partia madje organizoi nj\u00eb disko n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebn e Komitetit Qendror midis dy raundeve t\u00eb votimit, nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kjo p\u00ebr t\u2019i l\u00ebn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb shihnin se sa mir\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktuar ishte partia p\u00ebr krejt k\u00ebta vjet. N\u00eb fund, natyrisht, shum\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb partis\u00eb votuan ose p\u00ebr HDZ-n\u00eb, ose p\u00ebr Koalicionin: ata s\u2019u pan\u00eb rrotull as p\u00ebr funeral!<\/p>\n Q\u00eb nga zgjedhjet, HDZ-ja ka l\u00ebvizur krejt profesionalisht dhe pothuajse shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm, si presidenti Reagan m\u00eb 1980. Pasi t\u00ebrhoq\u00ebn ndjek\u00ebsit e tyre t\u00eb djatht\u00eb me nj\u00eb thirrje t\u00eb fuqishme komb\u00ebtare dhe fetare kroate, ata kan\u00eb l\u00ebvizur n\u00eb drejtimin q\u00eb t\u2019i bindin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt se nuk jan\u00eb fare t\u00eb \u00e7mendur dhe q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb kan\u00eb arritur n\u00eb Qend\u00ebr. Fillimisht asnj\u00eb nga miqt\u00eb e mi nuk e mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn HDZ-n\u00eb: intelektual\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur ishin t\u00eb lidhur ose me Partin\u00eb, ose me Koalicionin. Intelektual\u00ebt \u201clumpen\u00eb\u201d iu bashkuan HDZ-s\u00eb. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, q\u00eb nga fitorja e HDZ-s\u00eb, njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb njoh dhe q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb lidhur me Koalicionin, kan\u00eb vendosur t\u2019i bashkohen qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb HDZ-s\u00eb n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, HDZ-ja po merr k\u00ebshilla t\u00eb vyera nga Partit\u00eb Konservatore Britanike dhe Partia Republikane p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjesh, si marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me publikun dhe t\u00eb ngjashme. Franjo Tudjman, kreu i HDZ-s\u00eb dhe tani presidenti i Kroacis\u00eb, shkoi p\u00ebrtej baz\u00ebs s\u00eb vet komb\u00ebtare dhe i ofroi pozit\u00ebn e z\u00ebvend\u00ebspresidentit Jovan Raskovic-it, kreut t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Demokratike Serbe n\u00eb Kroaci. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb arsyesh, Raskovic e refuzoi dhe gjithashtu mban nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb karshi HDZ-s\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb fund, HDZ-ja me gjas\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb aty ku e sheh veten: si nj\u00eb parti e qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb djatht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vijave t\u00eb CDU-s\u00eb s\u00eb Kohl-it n\u00eb Gjermani, apo konservator\u00ebve t\u00eb Thatcher-it. Sidoqoft\u00eb, p\u00ebrpara se Tudjman t\u00eb mund t\u00eb quhet i suksessh\u00ebm, para vetes ka nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb. Partia e tij p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb problematikash t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme (pra ekonomike) dhe procedurale (pra kushtetuese): shkalla e sovranitetit kroat brenda (kon)federat\u00ebs jugosllave; ulja e prodhimit m\u00eb 1990 krahasuar me at\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1989; papun\u00ebsia n\u00eb nivelin e nj\u00eb krize potenciale \u2013 pra ve\u00e7 tri problematikat e para n\u00eb list\u00ebn time. V\u00ebrtet, vitet e ardhshme nuk premtojm\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb tmerr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb lumtura, as n\u00eb Kroaci, as n\u00eb Jugosllavi.<\/p>\n Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse ritualet q\u00eb sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb inaugurimin e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb HDZ-s\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuara si \u201cfestimi i shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb kroate\u201d, ishin kaq interesante. Ato t\u00eb japin nj\u00eb ide t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb imagjinuar nga qeveria e porsazgjedhur. Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit dhe mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit e HDZ-s\u00eb u pan\u00eb pak\u00ebz t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar q\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm nuk ishin as kleri ortodoks serb dhe as politikan\u00ebt serb\u00eb, q\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit takuan. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, kleri katolik kroat, kleri mysliman dhe udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi i komunitetit hebre kroat, dhan\u00eb miratimin e tyre zyrtar p\u00ebr ngjarjen n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. Sipas mod\u00ebs klasike kroate, an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Partis\u00eb mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb, por nuk festuan.<\/p>\n Televizioni i Zagrebit dukej se kopjoi raportimet amerikane p\u00ebr ngjarjet e k\u00ebtilla. Mbulonte nga fillimi gjer n\u00eb fund hapjen e parlamentit. Tudjman, q\u00eb ka titullin doktor n\u00eb histori, p\u00ebrvijoi historin\u00eb e Kroacis\u00eb q\u00eb nga koh\u00ebt mesjetare e deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme, dhe konturoi n\u00eb vija t\u00eb trasha q\u00ebllimet themelore t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb re t\u00eb HDZ-s\u00eb. Posi Stalini, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb figur\u00eb karizmatike q\u00eb nuk shquhet se flet shum\u00eb mir\u00eb; k\u00ebsisoj, gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb dit\u00ebs, turmat b\u00ebrtisnin kudo\u00a0Fran-jo! Fran-jo! Fran-jo!,<\/em>\u00a0nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb prisnin t\u2019u drejtohej edhe shikimi m\u00eb i shkurt\u00ebr. Stjepan Mesic, kryeministri i ri i Kroacis\u00eb, e p\u00ebrshkroi programin e tij n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar, me synimin p\u00ebr ta ndalur p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin e situat\u00ebs ekonomike n\u00eb Kroaci, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar reformat ekonomike, si dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur \u201cpyetjet ende pa p\u00ebrgjigje\u201d lidhur me pozicionin e Kroacis\u00eb brenda federat\u00ebs jugosllave. Mbulimi televiziv ishte i mbushur me intervista t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve t\u00eb porsazgjedhur dhe t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb rrug\u00eb q\u00eb erdh\u00ebn nga Munihu, Detroiti dhe Sidnei p\u00ebr k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre. Sikund\u00ebr parashikohej, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vler\u00ebsuan qeverin\u00eb e re, \u201clirin\u00eb e posafituar\u201d dhe motin e mrekulluesh\u00ebm, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb u treguan disi m\u00eb t\u00eb rezervuar n\u00eb diskutimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve urgjente ekonomike dhe detyrave esenciale q\u00eb kishin p\u00ebrpara.<\/p>\n Pas t\u00eb gjitha fjalimeve, em\u00ebrimeve dhe p\u00ebrzgjedhjeve t\u00eb n\u00ebpun\u00ebsve, krer\u00ebt e rinj t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb marshuan solemnisht n\u00eb Sheshin e Republik\u00ebs, t\u00eb quajtur m\u00eb par\u00eb si Sheshi i Jellacic-it, sipas nj\u00eb guvernatori komb\u00ebtar kroat t\u00eb shekullit XIX, ku me valle, k\u00ebng\u00eb e fjalime tradicionale u festua rilindja e sovranitetit t\u00eb shtetit kroat. Festimet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Zagrebin, q\u00eb kishin nisur n\u00eb mesdit\u00eb, nuk u sos\u00ebn deri n\u00eb or\u00ebt e vona t\u00eb nat\u00ebs, me krer\u00ebt e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb re s\u00eb paraqiteshin vazhdimisht nj\u00ebri pas tjetrit n\u00ebp\u00ebr gjith\u00eb qytetin. Kam d\u00ebgjuar her\u00eb pas here k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb nga njer\u00ebz q\u00eb identifikohen fuqish\u00ebm si kroat\u00eb: \u201cishte nj\u00eb ceremoni krejt demokratike, me standarde europiane\u201d. Festa do t\u00eb vazhdonte gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb fundjav\u00ebs, duke u sh\u00ebnuar me nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb aktivitetesh t\u00eb sponsorizuara nga qeverit\u00eb lokale t\u00eb porsazgjedhura t\u00eb HDZ-s\u00eb. N\u00eb gjith\u00eb at\u00eb surrealiz\u00ebm t\u00eb momentit, sidoqoft\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fare e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse fituesit po e festojn\u00eb fillimin e nj\u00eb epoke t\u00eb re dhe t\u00eb lumtur, apo preludin e koh\u00ebrave t\u00eb mo\u00e7me v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira. A gjendet Kroacia pas stuhis\u00eb, apo para p\u00ebrmbytjes?<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen e ekstaz\u00ebs s\u00eb dit\u00ebs s\u00eb djeshme, mbetet ende nj\u00eb ndjesi e fuqishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur s\u00ebrishmi n\u00eb shesh emrin dhe statuj\u00ebn e Josip Jellacic-it, si nj\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebrfundimtare e shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb kroate. K\u00ebsisoj, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Kroacia hyn n\u00eb shekullin XXI, qeveria e saj e re po l\u00ebviz p\u00ebr t\u00eb rifituar simbolet e shekullit t\u00eb saj t\u00eb XIX. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, simbolet nuk do t\u00eb mjaftojn\u00eb. Testi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb re do t\u00eb jet\u00eb se si do t\u2019i trajtoj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e reform\u00ebs ekonomike dhe ng\u00ebr\u00e7in kushtetues, q\u00eb mundojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb federat\u00ebn jugosllave. Do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb shfaqje interesante. Rrini me ne.<\/p>\n Mark Baskin, Zagreb, 1 Qershor 1990<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Original\u00a0article. Si sfond p\u00ebr tekstin e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm, n\u00eb vitet 1989-1990, kam pas\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb burs\u00eb akademike n\u00eb Fakultetin e Shkencave Politike t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Zagrebit p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebrkime mbi “zhvillimin e biznesit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb sektorit privat n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi socialiste”, si pjes\u00eb e planit tim t\u00eb doktoratur\u00ebs mbi \u201cnovacionin politik n\u00eb zbatimin e […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":292,"featured_media":1180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[678,673],"ppma_author":[303],"class_list":["post-1179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-croatia","tag-western-balkans"],"authors":[{"term_id":303,"user_id":292,"is_guest":0,"slug":"mark-baskin","display_name":"Mark Baskin","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1547056544715.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1547056544715.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Baskin","first_name":"Mark","description":"Dr. Mark A. Baskin jep m\u00ebsim n\u00eb Institutin e Teknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Rochester n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Ai kishte qen\u00eb profesor k\u00ebrkimor i Shkencave Politike n\u00eb Universitetin Albany n\u00eb Departamentin e Shkencave Politike, nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn p\u00ebr Zhvillim Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Universitetit Shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Nju Jorkut dhe drejtor i k\u00ebrkimit n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn Paqeruajt\u00ebse Pearson n\u00eb Kanada. Ai punoi n\u00eb paqeruajt\u00ebsit e OKB-s\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, Bosnje-Hercegovin\u00eb dhe Kroaci. Ai ka mbajtur bursa t\u00eb shumta akademike n\u00eb Ballkan dhe n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Studiuesve Woodrow Wilson n\u00eb Uashington, D.C. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb konsultuar p\u00ebr qeverit\u00eb, organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe OJQ-t\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan, Lindjen e Mesme, Azi, Ishujt e Paq\u00ebsorit dhe Afrik\u00eb."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/292"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1179"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2363,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1179\/revisions\/2363"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1179"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}