Me tregtin\u00eb globale n\u00eb shok, e ndikuar nga lufta tarifore SHBA-Kin\u00eb dhe pandemia COVID-19, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb shihen pasojat negative edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kryesisht p\u00ebrmes tkurrjes ekonomike. Mir\u00ebpo, ky ndryshim paraqet edhe mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb kthyer vendin n\u00eb hallk\u00eb t\u00eb zinxhirit furnizues global.<\/p>\n
Krijimi i zinxhirit<\/strong><\/p>\n Dy faktor\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhje me nj\u00ebra tjetr\u00ebn kan\u00eb definuar evoluimin e tregtis\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs moderne.<\/p>\n S\u00eb pari \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi politik nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, i bazuar n\u00eb liberalizim tregtar q\u00eb ka hapur marketet ku prodhuesit m\u00eb kualitativ\u00eb dhe efikas konkurrojn\u00eb m\u00eb leht\u00eb me prodhimet vendore duke nxitur m\u00eb tutje specializim edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb (p.sh. veturat gjermane, telefonat amerikan\u00eb, televizor\u00ebt korean\u00eb etj.)<\/p>\n S\u00eb dyti \u00ebsht\u00eb inovacioni i transportit q\u00eb ka ulur koston e prodhimeve e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb dy faza: makina e avullit nga \u00ebsht\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar transporti hekurudhor dhe detar, dhe standardizimi i transportit p\u00ebrmes kontejnerit i cili ka mund\u00ebsuar q\u00eb malli i mbushur n\u00eb nj\u00eb kuti t\u00eb hekurt, i nj\u00ebjti b\u00ebn udh\u00ebtimin n\u00ebp\u00ebr kontinente duke ndryshuar mod\u00ebn e transportit me kamion, tren, anije, prap\u00eb kamion dhe tren prej origjin\u00ebs n\u00eb destinacion. Standardizimi n\u00eb transport shpesh nuk merr kreditin e duhur p\u00ebr revolucionin e b\u00ebr\u00eb. P. sh. me anije t\u00eb cilat ngarkojn\u00eb rreth 20,000 kontejner\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb prej 20,000 mund t\u00eb fus\u00ebsh 10,000 iPads me kosto transporti rreth .05 cent p\u00ebr iPad prej Shanghai n\u00eb Hamburg. Gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb e kushtueshme pa inovacionet e p\u00ebrmendura dhe do t\u00eb pamund\u00ebsonte zhvillimin e tanish\u00ebm tregtar.<\/p>\n N\u00ebse shikojm\u00eb evoluimin e politikave liberalizuese dhe standardizimin e transportit, \u00e7far\u00eb shohim \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb eksponenciale jan\u00eb rritur edhe eksportet mes shteteve si rezultat i k\u00ebtyre dy faktor\u00ebve.<\/p>\n Bizneset globale padyshim shfryt\u00ebzuan ndryshimin n\u00eb gar\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar sa m\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe sa m\u00eb shpejt p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb fitues n\u00eb industrit\u00eb e veta. Pjes\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e k\u00ebtij zhvillimi \u00ebsht\u00eb ndarja e procesit prodhues n\u00eb hapa t\u00eb ndryshme. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy t\u00eb tretat e mallrave t\u00eb tregtuara sot kalojn\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb kufi gjat\u00eb prodhimit (jo si produkt final). P. sh. kur importon nj\u00eb iPhone SHBA-t\u00eb nga Kina, ato nuk importojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb produkt t\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, por nj\u00eb ku disa sh\u00ebrbime jan\u00eb kryer nga Amerika, teknologjia e avancuar ka shkuar nga Koreja n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, puna intensive nga Kina etj.<\/p>\n \u00cbsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht kjo ndarja dhe specializimi, e cila ka krijuar mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shtete. Kina fillimisht ka t\u00ebrhequr investime bazuar n\u00eb pun\u00ebn intensive manuale duke qen\u00eb vet\u00ebm pjes\u00eb e zinxhirit furnizues por se gradualisht ka p\u00ebrdorur politika t\u00eb cilat stimuluan zhvillimin e dijes rreth proceseve tjera si teknologjia e lart\u00eb e robotika, inxhinieria etj. duke u kthyer n\u00eb epiqend\u00ebr prodhuese dhe eksportues kryesor global.<\/p>\n Shk\u00ebputja e hallkave<\/strong><\/p>\n Me luft\u00ebn tregtare e cila ka tensionet gjeopolitike si baz\u00eb, dhe tani ndikuar edhe nga pandemia COVID19, zinxhiri furnizues ka filluar t\u00eb dob\u00ebsohet n\u00eb hallkat ky\u00e7e. N\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, shtylla e transportit \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb efektive. Ndihmuar nga zhvillimet n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb dhe teknologji por edhe inovacionet biznesore, bota po shkon drejt digjitizimit, transportit pa karbone ndot\u00ebse (me plan q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihet deri ne vitin 2050) gj\u00ebra q\u00eb do ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb tregtin\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse. Por, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, zhvillimi tregtar \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn presion nga politikat mbrojt\u00ebse dhe l\u00ebkundjet globale.<\/p>\n Nga k\u00ebto politika po shohim hallkat kryesore SHBA – Kin\u00eb duke u dob\u00ebsuar, dhe tensione t\u00eb ngjashme edhe pse me m\u00eb pak intensitet mes fuqive tjera si SHBA- BE dhe BE – Kin\u00eb. Shtetet sikur Japonia, p\u00ebr tu varur m\u00eb pak n\u00eb prodhimet nga Kina kan\u00eb deklaruar se do t\u2019i paguajn\u00eb kompanit\u00eb Japoneze t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb Kin\u00eb t\u00eb cilat l\u00ebvizin pjes\u00eb t\u00eb prodhimit jasht\u00eb Kin\u00ebs. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shenj\u00eb e qart\u00eb se diversifikimi nga var\u00ebsia n\u00eb Kin\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket vet\u00ebm politikave t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb tanishme n\u00eb Uashington. Edhe para luft\u00ebs tarifore, sektor\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar si ato t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb rrobave, kishin filluar l\u00ebvizjen drejt Azis\u00eb Juglindore ku puna intensive \u00ebsht\u00eb krahasimisht m\u00eb e lir\u00eb se n\u00eb Kin\u00eb (ngase me zhvillimin e shpejt te Kin\u00ebs vinin edhe rritjet e t\u00eb ardhurave mesatare.)<\/p>\n Fituesi kryesor i k\u00ebsaj p\u00ebr\u00e7arjeje si rajon duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb Azia Juglindore. Edhe pse Kina ende \u00ebsht\u00eb gjiganti eksportues, vendet sikur Vietnami po sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb eksporteve, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jemi d\u00ebshmitar t\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshimi ku hallkat e zinxhirit me shtetet tjera jan\u00eb duke u forcuar si efekt i dob\u00ebsimit t\u00eb atyre mes fuqive ky\u00e7e ekonomike.<\/p>\n Kosova si hallk\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Si nj\u00eb vend i vog\u00ebl dhe i mbetur mbrapa shteteve fqinje n\u00eb nivelin e zhvillimit, po ashtu i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb kriza politike, Kosova e ka v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb paraqitet si konkurrent q\u00eb t\u00eb kontribuoj\u00eb n\u00eb\/dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitoj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto ndryshime. Por, ajo i ka disa mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb cilat mund t\u2019i shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n U p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb lart r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e transportit n\u00eb tregti. P\u00ebrmes daljes s\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs Kosova ka qasje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha marketet e bot\u00ebs (shpeshher\u00eb anijet e nj\u00ebjta q\u00eb thirrin Durr\u00ebsin udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb drejt portave tjera adriatike si Rijeka, Split, Koper etj., e q\u00eb pastaj lidhen me qendra t\u00eb njohura si hubs si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb Genoa, Selaniku etj., me qasje nga atje n\u00eb thuajse \u00e7do port\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs). Me nj\u00eb shtet me t\u00eb ardhura mesatare m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta n\u00eb rajon, dhe nj\u00eb rini t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim kulturalisht q\u00eb ka avantazh potencial n\u00eb komunikim, por edhe pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb ngjashme rreth inovacionit deri tani t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrmes sportit e arteve ne vet\u00ebm se shohim mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs, por edhe vullnetin p\u00ebr t\u2019u globalizuar m\u00eb tutje si shoq\u00ebri. Gjithashtu shohim nj\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e teknologjis\u00eb dhe kompjuterikes p\u00ebrmes qendrave sh\u00ebrbyese n\u00eb marketet e Gjermanis\u00eb dhe SHBA-ve, gj\u00eb q\u00eb tregon se me politikat dhe investimet e duhura, di\u00e7ka e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb maksimalizohet edhe m\u00eb tutje.<\/p>\n Ja vlen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmenden edhe faktor\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb ky\u00e7\u00eb sikur politikat liberalizuese tregtare: marr\u00ebveshja e CEFTA-s (Marr\u00ebveshja P\u00ebr Tregti t\u00eb Lir\u00eb e Shteteve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore), avantazhet tarifore me SHBA-t\u00eb p\u00ebrmes programit GSP (Sistemi i Gjeneralizuar i Preferencave q\u00eb lejon disa vende n\u00eb zhvillim e sip\u00ebr t\u00eb eksportojn\u00eb produkte t\u00eb caktuara pa tarifa) dhe me Bashkimin Evropian p\u00ebrmes SAA (Marr\u00ebveshjes p\u00ebr Stabilizim-Asociim,) ku t\u00eb gjitha bashk\u00ebrisht hapin rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019u aktivizuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb eksporte.<\/p>\n Mund\u00ebsit\u00eb nga ndryshimet e m\u00ebdha strukturale nuk vijn\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00eb. Tani jemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb ku kompanit\u00eb globale po ballafaqohen me pyetjen: kush do ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb Kin\u00ebn? Nj\u00eb artikull n\u00eb New York Times, supozonte se p\u00ebr arsye nuk ka nj\u00eb Kin\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr nga madh\u00ebsia, do t\u00eb duhen plot shtete n\u00ebp\u00ebr kontinente t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb at\u00eb si pik\u00eb prodhuese p\u00ebr marketin konsumues Amerikan. Vende t\u00eb ndryshme si\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend jan\u00eb aktivizuar dhe po p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga kjo mund\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n Kina prap\u00eb do t\u00eb luaj\u00eb rolin si vend ky\u00e7 n\u00eb hallk\u00ebn zinxhirore, porse diversifikimi nga ajo tanim\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb proces i pandalsh\u00ebm. Detyra e udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve tan\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb q\u00eb ta kapin k\u00ebt\u00eb momentum global, potencial t\u00eb rinis\u00eb, vendndodhjen gjeografike dhe marr\u00ebveshjet tregtare p\u00ebr t\u2019i kthyer bashk\u00ebrisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb strategji t\u00eb qart\u00eb tregtare dhe ekonomike, q\u00eb Kosova t\u00eb lidhet n\u00eb zinxhirin furnizues global.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Me tregtin\u00eb globale n\u00eb shok, e ndikuar nga lufta tarifore SHBA-Kin\u00eb dhe pandemia COVID-19, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb shihen pasojat negative edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kryesisht p\u00ebrmes tkurrjes ekonomike. Mir\u00ebpo, ky ndryshim paraqet edhe mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb kthyer vendin n\u00eb hallk\u00eb t\u00eb zinxhirit furnizues global. Krijimi i zinxhirit Dy faktor\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhje me nj\u00ebra […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":412,"featured_media":1557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[646,691,664],"ppma_author":[769],"class_list":["post-1554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-covid-19","tag-economy","tag-kosovo"],"authors":[{"term_id":769,"user_id":412,"is_guest":0,"slug":"ard-morina","display_name":"Ard Morina","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1674848345608.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/1674848345608.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Morina","first_name":"Ard","description":"Ard Morina \u00ebsht\u00eb magjist\u00ebr n\u00eb Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnje Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga New School University, New York. Analist i tregtis\u00eb, siguris\u00eb dhe zhvillimit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb decade."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/412"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1554"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1556,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1554\/revisions\/1556"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1554"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}