{"id":2130,"date":"2022-11-02T13:19:17","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T12:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2130"},"modified":"2023-12-12T13:21:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T12:21:19","slug":"pertej-kombeve-apo-rikthim-i-nacionalizmit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/kritike\/pertej-kombeve-apo-rikthim-i-nacionalizmit\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrtej kombeve, apo rikthim i nacionalizmit?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Recens\u00eb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cNacionalizmi: Kombi, shteti dhe politika n\u00eb epok\u00ebn moderne\u201d,\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Enis Sulstarova<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Pika pa Sip\u00ebrfaqe, 2022<\/em><\/p>\n

Kur para tre dekadash, pra n\u00eb vitin e larg\u00ebt 1992, nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr studiuesit dhe autor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur t\u00eb nacionalizmit, historiani Eric Hobsbawm paralajm\u00ebronte zbehjen e nacionalizmit dhe zhb\u00ebrjen graduale t\u00eb komb-shteteve, shum\u00ebkush mendonte se kjo do t\u00eb paraqiste nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb re pas-nacionale, ku p\u00ebr nacionalizmin, sikurse edhe p\u00ebr ideologjit\u00eb tjera t\u00eb atij shekulli nuk do t\u00eb kishte m\u00eb vend. Ndon\u00ebse, duke qen\u00eb intelektual marksist, Hobsbawm-i nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb pajtohej me Francis Fukuyama-n se kjo p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte \u2018fundin e historis\u00eb\u2019 dhe triumfin e liberalizmit. Kishte edhe z\u00ebra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm q\u00eb pohonin se kombet, si\u00e7 i njihnim deri n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, do t\u00eb shkriheshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb civilizim t\u00eb ri pas-komb\u00ebtar. Nd\u00ebrsa globalizimi i theksuar dhe zhvillimi teknologjik do ta b\u00ebnin k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangsh\u00ebm dhe do p\u00ebrshpejtonin k\u00ebt\u00eb kthes\u00eb paradigmatike.<\/p>\n

Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, lufta e p\u00ebrgjakshme n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi, por edhe brisht\u00ebsia kronike e Bashkimit Europian, ashtu si zhvillimet e fundit me p\u00ebrforcimin e partive ekstremiste e populiste, d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb se as nacionalizmi as komb-shtetet jan\u00eb zbehur. P\u00ebrkundrazi, nacionalizmi n\u00eb trajta t\u00eb ndryshme, ve\u00e7se \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb i theksuar dhe i p\u00ebrhapur. Prandaj\u00a0nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr si ky i Enis Sulstarov\u00ebs<\/a>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u2019i kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb zhvillimet politike e shoq\u00ebrore, si ato t\u00eb dimensioneve vendore ashtu edhe ato bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ka e p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nacionalizmin n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb? Prej nga buron p\u00ebrhapja universale dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria historike, qoft\u00eb si ideologji, qoft\u00eb si ndjesi e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsi dhe vet\u00ebdije kolektive? P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00e7ka e b\u00ebn t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb kombin karshi identiteteve tjera? K\u00ebto dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtje tjera jan\u00eb tema thelb\u00ebsore q\u00eb trajtohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb shtjellim teorik, si parakusht p\u00ebr t\u00eb konceptualizuar kombin dhe nacionalizmin n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, e pastaj nj\u00eb trajtes\u00eb e nacionalizmit si ideologji dhe n\u00eb drit\u00ebn e ideologjive tjera rivalizuese e shpesh edhe plot\u00ebsuese. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e tret\u00eb diskutohet nacionalizmin karshi aspekteve kulturore, mitike, simbolike, fetare, gjinore etj., duke i analizuar gjer\u00ebsisht marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e duke n\u00ebnvizuar nd\u00ebrvar\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrplasjet q\u00eb sjellin k\u00ebto me vete. E n\u00eb fund diskutohet ajo t\u00eb cil\u00ebn edhe Hobsbawm-i fillimisht e kishte shtruar si \u00e7\u00ebshtje, pra \u00e7ka p\u00ebrtej kombit? Ve\u00e7se Sulstarova tani n\u00eb rrethana krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb reja socio-politike, nuk duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb aq optimist se kosmopolitizmi, globalizmi, apo proceset integruese europiane mund t\u00eb merren si z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim i suksessh\u00ebm i nacionalizmit dhe rr\u00ebnues t\u00eb kombit. Duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb Anthony Smith-in, ai sugjeron se kultura globale \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamjaftueshme p\u00ebr nevojat identitare t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. Dhe\u00a0vazhdon n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj teze, duke konstatuar:\u00a0\u201cT\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat mjete t\u00eb komunikimit q\u00eb mbajn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrhapin kultur\u00ebn globale p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb\u00a0pohuar dhe forcuar identitetet vendore, etnike dhe komb\u00ebtare<\/em>\u201d (fq.292).<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, tek rritja e populizmit dhe forcimi i s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs ekstreme n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende europiane, ai sheh prova t\u00eb ringjalljes s\u00eb nacionalizmit si ideologji politike dhe si nj\u00eb vet\u00ebdijesim popullor n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eblloj \u2018revoltimi\u2019 ndaj trend\u00ebve t\u00eb globalizimit dhe ndaj elitave lokale, duke sfiduar rendin ekzistues\u00a0socio-politik\u00a0por nganj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb\u00a0autoritariz\u00ebm. Si\u00e7 edhe Sulstarova na e ilustron me raste t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta\u00a0t\u00eb popullizmit q\u00eb ka karakterizuar\u00a0madje edhe shtetet me demokraci t\u00eb konsoliduar. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kapitull autori duket se e relativizon paksa nd\u00ebrlidhjen e popullizmit me nacionalizmin duke u munduar q\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb nj\u00eb vij\u00eb dalluese teorike mes tyre dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb se si i qasen \u2018popullit\u2019, edhe pse m\u00eb pas n\u00ebnvizon se jan\u00eb komplementare n\u00eb luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr pushtet. Ndoshta k\u00ebtu autori do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb shtjellonte m\u00eb holl\u00ebsisht pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebt\u00eb nd\u00ebrvar\u00ebsi mes nacionalizmit dhe popullizmit n\u00eb krijimin e diskursit politik dhe legjitimimin e pushtetit. Sepse, sipas mendimit tim, q\u00eb t\u00eb dyja ideologjit\u00eb sh\u00ebrbehen me elemente t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb narracionit t\u00eb \u2018rrezikut<\/strong>\u2019 dhe \u2018frik\u00ebs<\/strong>\u2019 nga armiqt\u00eb dhe \u2018shp\u00ebtimit<\/strong>\u2019 e \u2018sakrific\u00ebs<\/strong>\u2019 p\u00ebr kauza madhore e t\u00eb shenjta. Sigurisht q\u00eb konteksti, m\u00ebnyrat dhe rastet n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn k\u00ebto si t\u00eb tilla shp\u00ebrfaqen, mund t\u00eb dallojn\u00eb, por n\u00eb parim, si mjete p\u00ebr pushtet, pak e hi\u00e7 dallojn\u00eb mes vete.<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb rrjedhshme e fjalor t\u00eb pasur shkencor, autori arrin t\u00eb shtjelloj\u00eb tema komplekse me nj\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsi leht\u00eb t\u00eb kuptueshme. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm mjesht\u00ebri shkrimi dhe stili, por edhe aft\u00ebsi e jasht\u00ebzakonshme intelektuale e akademike. Prandaj, libri duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do bibliotek\u00eb publike dhe t\u00eb lexohet nga \u00e7do student e studiues shqiptar, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ata t\u00eb shkencave shoq\u00ebrore, q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb zhvillimet politike e shoq\u00ebrore, si tek ne ashtu edhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb.\u00a0Sepse nacionalizmi, n\u00eb shp\u00ebrfaqje t\u00eb llojllojshme dhe n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprim me dukuri e ideologji t\u00eb ndryshme,\u00a0vazhdon akoma t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndikim n\u00eb jet\u00ebn politike dhe shoq\u00ebrore n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recens\u00eb \u201cNacionalizmi: Kombi, shteti dhe politika n\u00eb epok\u00ebn moderne\u201d,\u00a0 Enis Sulstarova Pika pa Sip\u00ebrfaqe, 2022 Kur para tre dekadash, pra n\u00eb vitin e larg\u00ebt 1992, nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr studiuesit dhe autor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur t\u00eb nacionalizmit, historiani Eric Hobsbawm paralajm\u00ebronte zbehjen e nacionalizmit dhe zhb\u00ebrjen graduale t\u00eb komb-shteteve, shum\u00ebkush mendonte se kjo do t\u00eb paraqiste nj\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":2131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[886,693,885],"ppma_author":[41],"class_list":["post-2130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kritike","tag-enis-sulstarova","tag-literature","tag-nationalism"],"authors":[{"term_id":41,"user_id":31,"is_guest":0,"slug":"bekim-baliqi","display_name":"Bekim Baliqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bekim-Baliqi-300x175-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bekim-Baliqi-300x175-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Baliqi","first_name":"Bekim","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2132,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2130\/revisions\/2132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2130"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}