{"id":2399,"date":"2023-11-30T11:48:54","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T10:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2399"},"modified":"2024-12-09T11:01:37","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T09:01:37","slug":"grate-punetore-ne-kosove-perballen-me-informalitetin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/grate-punetore-ne-kosove-perballen-me-informalitetin\/","title":{"rendered":"Grat\u00eb pun\u00ebtore n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me informalitetin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kosova vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me sfida t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, karakterizuar me nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe pabarazi n\u00eb politikat dhe praktikat e pun\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb nga pengesat kryesore n\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin ekonomik t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs konsiderohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrimi i ekonomis\u00eb joformale.<\/p>\n

Grat\u00eb dominojn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebsimin informal n\u00eb nivel global. Sipas Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs (ILO), n\u00eb nivel global, rreth 61.2% e atyre qe jan\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim informal jan\u00eb gra.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ndon\u00ebse nuk ka shifra zyrtare, raportet e organizatave qeveritare kan\u00eb theksuar nd\u00ebr vite shkall\u00ebn e lart\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit informal tek grat\u00eb. Nj\u00eb\u00a0raport<\/a>\u00a0nga BE-ja \u00a0vler\u00ebsoi tregun joformal dhe t\u00eb paligjsh\u00ebm n\u00eb 32 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb Prodhimit t\u00eb Brendsh\u00ebm Bruto.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vendet ku ekziston nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb kaq e lart\u00eb e ekonomis\u00eb joformale, shifrat e pun\u00ebsimit informal jan\u00eb poashtu shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta. Informaliteti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen global mjaft i p\u00ebrhapur, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb tipar sidomos i shteteve n\u00eb zhvillim. Pun\u00ebsimi informal i referohet pun\u00ebs q\u00eb nuk njihet zyrtarisht dhe nuk rregullohet apo mbrohet ligj\u00ebrisht nga shteti.<\/p>\n

Politikat e dob\u00ebta n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb zhvillim kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb sfida t\u00eb shumta, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb hendekun gjinor, rritjen e sektorit informal dhe pun\u00ebsimin e pambrojtur. Grat\u00eb, t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb dhe emigrant\u00ebt jan\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb c\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm ndaj k\u00ebtyre shkeljeve.<\/p>\n

Numri i grave t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuara n\u00eb sektorin privat por nuk kan\u00eb kontrata pune \u00ebsht\u00eb shqet\u00ebsues. Sipas nj\u00eb\u00a0raporti<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb publikuar nga Riinvest n\u00eb vitin 2017, nj\u00eb n\u00eb tri gra t\u00eb cilat punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin privat nuk kan\u00eb kontrat\u00eb pune.<\/p>\n

\u201cProblemi i t\u00eb punuarit pa kontrat\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin privat p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr grat\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb duke punuar pun\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb par\u00eb. Nga k\u00ebto gra, 32 p\u00ebrqind jan\u00eb duke punuar pa kontrat\u00eb, krahasuar me 25 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb grave t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune\u201d, thuhet n\u00eb raport.<\/p>\n

Mungesa e kontrat\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebs paraqet nj\u00eb prej shkeljeve kryesore t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb k\u00ebto punonj\u00ebse nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtura nga ligji, ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuara ndaj rreziqeve q\u00eb lidhen me kushtet e pun\u00ebs, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pagat e ul\u00ebta, oraret e gjata t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, p\u00ebrjashtimin nga puna pa paralajm\u00ebrim, ngacmimet dhe sulmet seksuale, mos respektimin e pushimit vjetor dhe atij lehonis\u00eb, e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Informaliteti n\u00eb kompensim \u00ebsht\u00eb forma m\u00eb e shpesht\u00eb e informalitetit q\u00eb besohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e pranishme n\u00eb treg. Sipas nj\u00eb\u00a0raporti<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb publikuar nga Iniciativa Kosovare p\u00ebr Stabilitet \u201cnj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje lart\u00eb e t\u00eb anketuarve (57.5%) raportojn\u00eb se e paguajn\u00eb stafin e tyre plot\u00ebsisht me para t\u00eb gatshme. 15% gjithashtu raportojn\u00eb se e paguajn\u00eb stafin e tyre t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn pjes\u00ebrisht me para t\u00eb gatshme, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00ebm 27.5% e kompanive n\u00eb most\u00ebr raportojn\u00eb se paguajn\u00eb pagat e plota t\u00eb stafit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebrmes transfereve bankare.\u201d<\/p>\n

K\u00ebt\u00eb e thekson edhe\u00a0raporti<\/a>\u00a0i fundit i Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit ku thuhet se \u201cPun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit e sektorit privat shpesh b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb t\u00eb mos sigurojn\u00eb kontrata p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit e tyre dhe t’i paguajn\u00eb ata me para n\u00eb dor\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm i vajzave dhe grave jan\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuara n\u00eb sektorin e shitjes n\u00eb dyqane dhe markete. T\u00eb shpeshta kan\u00eb qen\u00eb raportimet e mediave lidhur me shkeljet e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre pun\u00ebtoreve n\u00eb vendet e pun\u00ebs. Ndon\u00ebse nga frika e p\u00ebrjashtimit nga puna, ato hezitojn\u00eb t\u00eb raportojn\u00eb shkeljet n\u00eb Inspektoratin e Pun\u00ebs, n\u00eb deklarata anonime p\u00ebr\u00a0media<\/a>\u00a0ato kan\u00eb treguar sfidat dhe diskriminimin me t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrballen.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb form\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e pun\u00ebs jo formale q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb grat\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb lidhet me pun\u00ebt e kujdesit dhe mir\u00ebmbajtjes. Grat\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb papuna, shpesh t\u00eb shtyera nga varf\u00ebria ekstreme, ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesjes p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, t\u00eb moshuarit dhe mir\u00ebmbajtjes s\u00eb sht\u00ebpive. Ato zakonisht nuk kan\u00eb kontrata pune dhe t\u00eb shpeshta jan\u00eb rastet e keqp\u00ebrdorimit dhe shkeljeve me t\u00eb cilat ballafaqohen.<\/p>\n

In a recent\u00a0hulumtim<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb Preportr-it p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb kategori t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit, grat\u00eb e intervistuara e kan\u00eb pranuar se asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb ankuar n\u00eb asnj\u00eb institucion, qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr kushtet e pun\u00ebs, munges\u00ebn e kontrat\u00ebs, apo largimin nga puna, sepse nuk kan\u00eb mundur ta d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb vend pun\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin zyrtar. \u201cDisa nga arsyet pse nuk jan\u00eb ankuar kan\u00eb qen\u00eb: zgjatja e procedurave nga institucionet shtet\u00ebrore, kanosja ose k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi me largim nga vendi i pun\u00ebs, si dhe mungesa e d\u00ebshmive lidhur me rastet e problemeve n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs\u201d, thuhet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hulumtim.<\/p>\n

Shkalla e lart\u00eb e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb tek grat\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, niveli i ul\u00ebt i shkollimit, mungesa e p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs, diskriminimi n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, angazhimi me pun\u00ebt e papaguara n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi si rrjedhoj\u00eb nevoja p\u00ebr orar fleksibil t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa nga arsyet q\u00eb i b\u00ebjn\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuara ndaj pun\u00ebsimit joformal.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar k\u00ebto sfida, \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore q\u00eb shteti t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb politika dhe masa t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme q\u00eb promovojn\u00eb sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe mbrojtjen e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave n\u00eb vendet e pun\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim \u00ebsht\u00eb jetik roli i Inspektoratit t\u00eb Pun\u00ebs, i cili ka obligim mbik\u00ebqyrjen e zbatimit t\u00eb ligjeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar respektimin e tyre n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. Shteti duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje dhe trajnime p\u00ebr grat\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ato t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar profesionalisht dhe t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitura p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebtyre hapa t\u00eb koordinuar, mund t\u00eb sigurohet nj\u00eb mjedis i pun\u00ebs m\u00eb i drejt\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i sigurt p\u00ebr grat\u00eb pun\u00ebtore n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

*Autorja \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar nga Qendra Kosovare p\u00ebr Studime Gjinore p\u00ebr shkrimin e k\u00ebtij artikulli n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb Ambasad\u00ebs s\u00eb Holand\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. P\u00ebrmbajtja e k\u00ebtij artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e autores dhe n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb nuk pasqyron q\u00ebndrimin zyrtar t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Holand\u00ebs.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kosova vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me sfida t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, karakterizuar me nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe pabarazi n\u00eb politikat dhe praktikat e pun\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb nga pengesat kryesore n\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin ekonomik t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs konsiderohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrimi i ekonomis\u00eb joformale. Grat\u00eb dominojn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebsimin informal n\u00eb nivel global. Sipas Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":142,"featured_media":9690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[721,664,929],"ppma_author":[170],"class_list":["post-2399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-feminism","tag-kosovo","tag-womens-rights"],"authors":[{"term_id":170,"user_id":142,"is_guest":0,"slug":"leonida-molliqaj","display_name":"Leonida Molliqaj","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-5-8.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-5-8.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Molliqaj","first_name":"Leonida","description":"Leonida Molliqaj \u00ebsht\u00eb gazetare n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn Kosovare p\u00ebr Gazetari Hulumtuese - Preportr. Ajo p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs si gazetare ka trajtuar tema t\u00eb ndryshme sociale me fokus n\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut si dhe hulumtime n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e antikorrupsionit. Hulumtimet e saj jan\u00eb shp\u00ebrblyer me \u00e7mime nga organizata jo-qeveritare, Komisioni Evropian dhe Asociacioni i Gazetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.\r\n\r\nLeonida \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb studimeve post-diplomike n\u00eb Sociologji Akademike pran\u00eb\r\nUniversitetit t\u00eb Prishtin\u00ebs. "}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/142"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2399"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2400,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2399\/revisions\/2400"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2399"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}