{"id":2478,"date":"2020-11-13T13:35:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-13T11:35:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2478"},"modified":"2024-10-16T13:36:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T11:36:11","slug":"kina-ne-sektorin-e-energjise-te-ballkanit-perendimor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/kina-ne-sektorin-e-energjise-te-ballkanit-perendimor\/","title":{"rendered":"Kina n\u00eb sektorin e energjis\u00eb t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kina n\u00eb sektorin e energjis\u00eb t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e fundit, aktiviteti ekonomik kinez n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor ka qen\u00eb i lidhur kryesisht me infrastruktur\u00ebn dhe projektet e energjis\u00eb. P\u00ebrderisa ky bashk\u00ebpunim kritikohet shpesh prej pik\u00ebpamjes gjeopolitike dhe gjeostrategjike, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb polarizimit gjithnj\u00eb e n\u00eb rritje mes SHBA-s\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs, poashtu edhe BE-s\u00eb e Kin\u00ebs, por gjithashtu p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjet e fshehta dhe potencialin e madh p\u00ebr rritjen e korrupsionit, ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr sfidash p\u00ebr Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor q\u00eb jan\u00eb shfaqur nga bashk\u00ebpunii me Kin\u00ebn. Elitat lokale zakonisht paraqesin projektet energjetike dhe t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs si \u201cinvestime t\u00eb huaja nga Kina\u201d, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto n\u00eb fakt jan\u00eb hua, q\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb obligimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontraktuar firma kineze, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur teknologji e materiale kineze dhe n\u00eb disa raste edhe fuqi pun\u00ebtore nga Kina. Projektet jan\u00eb zakonisht t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje nd\u00ebrshtet\u00ebrore, t\u00eb miratuara nga parlamente, duke tejkaluar k\u00ebshtu ligjet vendore. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht me shkeljen e taksave t\u00eb importit p\u00ebr materialet nd\u00ebrtimore, obligimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur tender\u00eb pubik\u00eb, rregullave t\u00eb prokurimit publik, etj. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rind\u00ebrtimi i termocentralit Stanari n\u00eb entitetin boshnjak Republika Srpska, ku qeveria lokale, duke ndryshuar disa ligje dhe rregulla, i dha kolateral huadh\u00ebn\u00ebsit kinez: vet\u00eb firm\u00ebs, si edhe filialeve t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr nxjerrjen e qymyrit dhe ujit. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto \u201cinvestime\u201d nuk do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb mundura pa nd\u00ebrhyrjen e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb elitave n\u00eb pushtet p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar dhe ndryshuar provizionet ligjore.<\/p>\n

Projektet kineze t\u00eb energjis\u00eb jan\u00eb zakonisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruara n\u00eb nxjerrjen e qymyrit dhe shfryt\u00ebzimin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike. Serbia, Bosnja dhe Kosova shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb qymyrin kryesisht p\u00ebr prodhimin e energjis\u00eb elektrike, dhe termocentralet e qymyrit jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb vitet 1960, 70, dhe 80. P\u00ebr momentin ato jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr ndot\u00ebsit m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb Europ\u00eb. Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, kjo var\u00ebsi e madhe ndaj qymyrit i v\u00eb k\u00ebto vende para dy zgjedhjeve: t\u00eb mbyllin gradualisht termocentralet dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb varur nga energjia ose t\u00eb investojn\u00eb n\u00eb rind\u00ebrtimin e tyre, p\u00ebrderisa gjithashtu nisin investimet afatgjata n\u00eb burime t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritshme. Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, burimet financiare t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb dhe Per\u00ebndimit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, jan\u00eb gati t\u00eb paqena p\u00ebr k\u00ebto lloje projektesh, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb orientimit t\u00eb tyre kah energjia e rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritshme (projekti i fundit i \u201cpa-rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritsh\u00ebm\u201d q\u00eb do t\u00eb financohej nga burimet per\u00ebndimore ishte termocentrali i ri n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb para disa viteve). Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti se teknologjia per\u00ebndimore \u00ebsht\u00eb bukur e shtrenjt\u00eb krahasuar me at\u00eb kineze; prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb, sipas ekspert\u00ebve, ekziston gjithashtu dallim i madh n\u00eb cil\u00ebsi. Prandaj, vendet e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor zgjedhin bashk\u00ebpunimin me kinez\u00ebt, meq\u00eb ata gjoja ofrojn\u00eb \u201cvler\u00ebn me t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr parat\u00eb e investuara\u201d. Ata jan\u00eb ofrues t\u00eb kapitalit t\u00eb fresk\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb zot\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar k\u00ebto projekte, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka kusht\u00ebzime \u201cpolitike\u201d, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb zbatimi i reformave t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen shpesh nga burimet kapitale per\u00ebndimore, sikur se BERZH-i.<\/p>\n

Por dy sfidat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha rreth projekteve kineze t\u00eb qymyrit jan\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimet ambientale dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjet ambientale t\u00eb lidhura me procesin e integrimit n\u00eb BE. Nuk ka garanci se n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen termocentralet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme p\u00ebr ambientin, ose, me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, se objektet e reja dhe t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtuara do t\u2019iu p\u00ebrmbahen standardeve ambientale, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb lidhje me ndotjen e ajrit. Th\u00ebn\u00eb tro\u00e7, edhe n\u00ebse instalohet teknologjia e pastrimit t\u00eb n\u00ebnprodukteve (ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht SO2), nuk ka siguri se do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet. Procesi i integrimit i BE-s\u00eb k\u00ebrkon reforma q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb prodhimin e energjis\u00eb elektrike nga qymyri, ngaq\u00eb ky merret si kontribuesi m\u00eb I madh i emetimit t\u00eb CO2-shit. Vet\u00eb BE-ja ka deklaruar se do t\u00eb shk\u00ebputet t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga qymyri deri m\u00eb 2050, nd\u00ebrsa disa shtete an\u00ebtare pritet t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cak edhe m\u00eb her\u00ebt m\u00eb 2030. Direktivat (EED, RED, etj.), standardet (LCP BREF, etc.) e reja t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, Sistemi Tregtar i Emetimeve i BE-s\u00eb dhe \u201cUjdia e Gjelb\u00ebr\u201d e BE-s\u00eb i kontribuojn\u00eb \u201cshembjes graduale t\u00eb qymyrit\u201d te shtetet an\u00ebtare, pork jo do t\u00eb ket\u00eb gjithashtu efekt n\u00eb shtetet q\u00eb aspirojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen an\u00ebtare. Pra, elektriciteti i prodhuar n\u00eb termocentrale do t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohet taksave gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, dhe k\u00ebshtu \u00e7mimi i prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike n\u00eb termocentrale do t\u00eb rritet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Edhe n\u00ebse sipas ndonj\u00eb skenari Ballkani Per\u00ebndimor nuk i bashkohet BE-s\u00eb, ai nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ekzistonte n\u00eb vakum dhe do t\u00eb ballafaqohej me sfida n\u00ebse nuk i respekton standardet e BE-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr fund, shtrohet pyetja pse qeverit\u00eb e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor nuk fokusohen te energjia e rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritshme n\u00eb ujdit\u00eb e tyre me Kin\u00ebn? Kin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej pordhuesve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb p\u00ebr energji t\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritshme dhe posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb diellore. Disa vende t\u00eb rajonit sigurisht se kan\u00eb kushte t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb thithur energjin\u00eb diellore. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb situat\u00eb ku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb dalin fitues (n\u00ebse nuk marrim parasysh sfidat q\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen me projektet e p\u00ebrkrahura nga Kina), por duket se askush nuk shfaq interes p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

——<\/p>\n

Ky shkrim botohet si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimi mediatik t\u00eb sbunker me\u00a0The European Fund for the Balkans<\/a>\u00a0– nj\u00eb nism\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt e Robert Bosch Foundation, ERSTE Foundation dhe King Baudouin Foundation, e prir\u00eb nga NEF (Network of European Foundations).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kina n\u00eb sektorin e energjis\u00eb t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e fundit, aktiviteti ekonomik kinez n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor ka qen\u00eb i lidhur kryesisht me infrastruktur\u00ebn dhe projektet e energjis\u00eb. P\u00ebrderisa ky bashk\u00ebpunim kritikohet shpesh prej pik\u00ebpamjes gjeopolitike dhe gjeostrategjike, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb polarizimit gjithnj\u00eb e n\u00eb rritje mes SHBA-s\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs, poashtu edhe BE-s\u00eb e […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":234,"featured_media":8343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1297],"ppma_author":[238],"class_list":["post-2478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-dragoi-i-zgjuar"],"authors":[{"term_id":238,"user_id":234,"is_guest":0,"slug":"igor-novakovic","display_name":"Igor Novakovi\u00e7","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-21-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-21-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Novakovi\u00e7","first_name":"Igor","description":"Igor Novakovi\u0107 \u00ebsht\u00eb Drejtor K\u00ebrkimor i Qendr\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe \u00c7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb Siguris\u00eb \u2013 ISAC Fund. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues n\u00eb Serbi i K\u00ebshillit p\u00ebr Qeverisje Gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse CIG, nj\u00eb OJQ nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare me seli n\u00eb SHBA. Fusha e hulumtimit t\u00eb z. Novakoviq p\u00ebrfshin \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe sigurin\u00eb, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti lidhur me integrimet evropiane dhe euroatlantike, bashk\u00ebpunimin rajonal dhe bashk\u00ebpunimin bilateral t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb me shtetet e tjera, si dhe dialogun nd\u00ebretnik n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Juglindore. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb analizash dhe dokumentesh politikash. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, z. Novakovi\u0107 ka botuar nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb artikujsh n\u00eb revista shkencore vendore dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, si dhe ka organizuar shum\u00eb konferenca t\u00eb ndryshme nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, tryeza t\u00eb rrumbullak\u00ebta dhe pun\u00ebtori p\u00ebr tema t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb lidhen me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, bashk\u00ebpunimin e siguris\u00eb, dialogun nd\u00ebretnik dhe integrimin e pakicave.\r\n\r\nAi ka nj\u00eb doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Shkenca Politike nga Universiteti i Beogradit, nj\u00eb MA n\u00eb Studime t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore \u2013 Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga Universiteti i Bolonj\u00ebs dhe BA n\u00eb Histori nga Universiteti i Novi Sadit."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/234"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2478"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2479,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2478\/revisions\/2479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2478"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}