{"id":2482,"date":"2021-01-18T13:30:15","date_gmt":"2021-01-18T11:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2482"},"modified":"2024-10-16T13:31:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T11:31:23","slug":"manovra-e-europes-me-kinen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/manovra-e-europes-me-kinen\/","title":{"rendered":"Manovra e Europ\u00ebs me Kin\u00ebn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Marr\u00ebveshja e re BE-Kin\u00eb n\u00ebnvizon nj\u00eb pyetje themelore p\u00ebr rendin bot\u00ebror pas pandemis\u00eb: Si duhet t\u00eb menaxhohen marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet strategjike dhe ekonomike mes fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb kan\u00eb rregullime shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme institucionale dhe politike? A mund t\u00eb mbesin demokracit\u00eb besnike ndaj vlerave t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebrderisa p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb tregti dhe investime me Kin\u00ebn?<\/em><\/p>\n

Kur po p\u00ebrfundonte viti 2020, Bashkimi Europian dhe Kina njoftuan p\u00ebr kompletimin e Marr\u00ebveshjes Gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse p\u00ebr Investime [Comprehensive Agreement on Investment \u2013 CAI] mes dy gjigant\u00ebve ekonomik\u00eb. Kjo \u201cdo t\u00eb jet\u00eb marr\u00ebveshja m\u00eb ambicioze q\u00eb Kina ka b\u00ebr\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb me nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb tret\u00eb\u201d,\u00a0mburrej<\/a>\u00a0Komisioni Europian n\u00eb njoftimin zyrtar.<\/p>\n

CAI i jep firmave europiane qasje t\u00eb zgjeruar n\u00eb tregjet kineze, largon (ose zbut) k\u00ebrkesat e qeveris\u00eb kineze mbi sip\u00ebrmarrjet e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta dhe transferet e teknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb disa sektor\u00eb, dhe premton trajtim t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me nd\u00ebrmarrjet shtet\u00ebrore dhe transparanc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe rregullative. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, qeveria kineze ka nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb disa obligime rreth q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb ambientale dhe t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht duke u pajtuar t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb vazhdueshme e t\u00eb shtuara\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb miratuar\u00a0Konvent\u00ebn e Pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Detyruar.<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00eb let\u00ebr, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb fitore jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr industrin\u00eb europiane, por gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut. Por CAI nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pritur pozitivisht n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt. Reagimi amerikan \u00ebsht\u00eb endur prej zhg\u00ebnjimit e deri te armiq\u00ebsia e hapur. P\u00ebr zyrtar\u00ebt e administrat\u00ebs n\u00eb ikje t\u00eb Trump-it, vendimi i Europ\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb si dor\u00ebzim ndaj fuqis\u00eb ekonomike kineze dhe si fitore e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme diplomatike p\u00ebr k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit.<\/p>\n

Por edhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb moderuar t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshi k\u00ebshilltarin p\u00ebr siguri komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb presidentit t\u00eb zgjedhur Joe Biden, ishin poashtu t\u00eb\u00a0tronditur<\/a>. Administrata n\u00eb ardhje e Biden-it do t\u00eb kishte parap\u00eblqyer t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb nj\u00eb front t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt karshi Kin\u00ebs, duke arritur s\u00eb pari marr\u00ebveshje me Europ\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, ishte naiviteti i dukshem lidhur me premtimet e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb Kin\u00eb q\u00eb shkaktoi pezmatim. Ish kryeministri belg dhe deputeti i Parlamentit Europian Guy Verhofstad tha n\u00eb Twitter se \u201c\u00e7do n\u00ebnshkrim kinez p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i denj\u00eb as p\u00ebr letr\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn vendoset.\u201d<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja e re BE-Kin\u00eb n\u00ebnvizon nj\u00eb pyetje themelore p\u00ebr rendin bot\u00ebror pas pandemis\u00eb: Si duhet t\u00eb menaxhohen marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet strategjike dhe ekonomike mes fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb kan\u00eb rregullime shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme institucionale dhe politike? A mund t\u00eb mbesin demokracit\u00eb besnike ndaj vlerave t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebrderisa p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb tregti dhe investime me Kin\u00ebn?<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjur k\u00ebsaj pyetjeje, duhet t\u00eb dim\u00eb dy fakte. S\u00eb pari, \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb imagjinohet shk\u00ebputja totale e ekonomis\u00eb kineze nga ekonomit\u00eb e Per\u00ebndimit pa shkaktuar katastrof\u00eb ekonomike. S\u00eb dyti, vendet Per\u00ebndimor\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shum\u00eb, individualisht a kolektivisht, p\u00ebr ta ndryshuar modelin ekonomik shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs ose regjimin shytp\u00ebs ndaj t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshjet tregtare dhe t\u00eb investimeve nuk mund t\u00eb transformoj\u00eb Kin\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb stilit per\u00ebndimor apo ta kthejn\u00eb n\u00eb demokraci. Shpresa jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb nj\u00eb regjim t\u00eb ri global q\u00eb njeh diversitetin e rregullimeve ekonomike dhe politike pa d\u00ebmtuar shum\u00eb fitimet nga tregu dhe investimet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Asnj\u00ebra nga k\u00ebto nuk n\u00ebnkupton se kur bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb me Kin\u00ebn n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn ekonomike, vendet per\u00ebndimore duhet t\u2019i l\u00ebn\u00eb anash \u00e7\u00ebshtjet politike e t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut. Thjesht, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se SHBA-ja dhe Europa duhet t\u00eb ndjekin q\u00ebllime m\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara, m\u00eb t\u00eb arritshme dhe gjithsesi m\u00eb t\u00eb argumentueshme.<\/p>\n

Dy prej k\u00ebtyre q\u00ebllimeve jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. S\u00eb pari, rregullat e tregut dhe investimeve duhet t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb q\u00eb firmat dhe konsumator\u00ebt nuk b\u00ebh\u00ebn drejtp\u00ebrdrejt bashk\u00ebfajtor\u00eb n\u00eb shkeljet e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb Kin\u00eb. S\u00eb dyti, rregullat e tilla duhet t\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb vendet demokratike nga praktikat kineze q\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb rregullimet institucionale vendore mbi pun\u00ebn, ambientin, teknologjin\u00eb, dhe sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Q\u00ebllimi duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahen dhe mbrohen vlerat e Per\u00ebndimit, e jo q\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb eksportohen.<\/p>\n

Pra, pyetja e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme rreth CAI nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se a do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje BE-ja t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb kahjen e sistemit ekonomik kinez ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb regjimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Edhe n\u00ebse trajtimi i pakic\u00ebs s\u00eb ujgur\u00ebve mysliman\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet, shtypja e disident\u00ebve dhe e fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb. Edhe n\u00ebse Kina miraton Konvent\u00ebn p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebn e Detyruar dhe zbaton masat e saj \u2013\u00a0q\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se do ngjaj\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 lider\u00ebt kinez\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb njohin sindikatat e pavarura. Pyetja relevante \u00ebsht\u00eb se a ka hequr dor\u00eb BE-ja nga liria e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur politika q\u00eb do t\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb bashk\u00ebfaj\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb shkeljet e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe pun\u00ebs apo t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare europiane dhe standardet e pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Komisioni Europian pretendon se CAI i mund\u00ebson BE-s\u00eb t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb \u201chap\u00ebsir\u00ebn politikb\u00ebr\u00ebse,\u201d ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt \u201ce ndjesh\u00ebm\u201d si energjia, infrastruktura, bujq\u00ebsia, dhe sh\u00ebrbimet publike. N\u00eb fusha t\u00eb tjera, BE-ja ve\u00e7se \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e hapur ndaj investimeve kineze. Kjo ngre pyetjen se \u00e7far\u00eb mendon qeveria kineze se po arrin me ket\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjigjja duket se ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me at\u00eb se Kina po blen siguri karshi restriksioneve t\u00eb ardhshme n\u00eb Europ\u00eb. Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb skem\u00eb arbitrazhi q\u00eb u mund\u00ebson pal\u00ebve t\u00eb depozitojn\u00eb ankesa p\u00ebr shkelje kund\u00ebr nj\u00ebra tjetr\u00ebs. N\u00ebse konsultimet nuk arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhin \u00e7\u00ebshtjen, mosmarr\u00ebveshjet do t\u00eb sillen para panelit t\u00eb arbitrazhit me procedurat specifike p\u00ebr respektimin e aktvendimeve. P\u00ebrderisa Komisioni Europian e sheh k\u00ebt\u00eb si mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr parandalimin e mosp\u00ebrmbushjes s\u00eb zotimeve t\u00eb pal\u00ebs kineze, p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb kineze kjo mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb gjithashtu si mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb sfiduar barriera specifike p\u00ebr futje n\u00eb treg t\u00eb firmave kineze.<\/p>\n

Korniza p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr \u00e7do rend bot\u00ebror funksional. Por \u00e7ka n\u00ebse, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb vend europian do t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb nj\u00eb firm\u00eb kineze q\u00eb trajton keq pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e saj, ose q\u00eb operon n\u00eb Xinjiang? Franca tashm\u00eb k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha franceze q\u00eb operojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit, t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me normat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe ambientit.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ka ndodh n\u00ebse vendet europiane nd\u00ebrmarrin masa m\u00eb t\u00eb ashpra p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar q\u00eb t\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb BE fimat kineze q\u00eb kan\u00eb praktika problematike ambientale dhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs? A do t\u2019i konsideroj\u00eb mekanizmi i arbitrazhit k\u00ebto rregullime si n\u00eb pajtueshm\u00ebri me CAI? Poashtu, sa do t\u00eb merren parasysh nga panelet p\u00ebrjashtimet e qasjes n\u00eb treg q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebr baz\u00eb \u201csigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare\u201d?<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjigjet e k\u00ebtyre pyetjeve nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb qarta. Shum\u00eb\u00e7ka varet nga teksti p\u00ebrfundimtar i CAI, dhe nga shkalla t\u00eb cil\u00ebn panelet e arbitrazhit do t\u00eb zgjedhin t\u00eb prioritizojn\u00eb qasjen n\u00eb treg para t\u00eb vet\u00eb-quajturit \u201cq\u00ebllim publik\u201d t\u00eb vendeve an\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, as d\u00ebshira e SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb front t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt kundrejt Kin\u00ebs, as realiteti se CAI nuk do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb Kin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb orientuar kah tregu, nuk jan\u00eb argumente t\u00eb vlefshme kund\u00ebr CAI dhe marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb tregut dhe investimeve. Nuk duhet t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb CAI nga pik\u00ebpamja se a i mund\u00ebson Europ\u00ebs t\u00eb eksportoj\u00eb sistemin dhe vlerat e saj. Duhet ta vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga fakti se a e lejon Europ\u00ebn t\u00eb mbetet zot i sistemit dhe vlerave t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Artikulli origjinal ne\u00a0Project Syndicate<\/a>.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\"Image\"<\/div>\n

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Ky artikull\u00a0mb\u00ebshtetet nga “Sbunker” p\u00ebrmes projektit t\u00eb financuar nga Ambasada Amerikane. Mendimet e shprehura k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit\u00a0dhe jo medoemos pasqyrojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marr\u00ebveshja e re BE-Kin\u00eb n\u00ebnvizon nj\u00eb pyetje themelore p\u00ebr rendin bot\u00ebror pas pandemis\u00eb: Si duhet t\u00eb menaxhohen marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet strategjike dhe ekonomike mes fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb kan\u00eb rregullime shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme institucionale dhe politike? A mund t\u00eb mbesin demokracit\u00eb besnike ndaj vlerave t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebrderisa p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb tregti dhe investime me Kin\u00ebn? Kur po p\u00ebrfundonte […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":204,"featured_media":8343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1297],"ppma_author":[366],"class_list":["post-2482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-dragoi-i-zgjuar"],"authors":[{"term_id":366,"user_id":204,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dani-rodrik","display_name":"Dani Rodrik","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rodrik.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rodrik.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Rodrik","first_name":"Dani","description":"Dani Rodrik \u00ebsht\u00eb profesor i Ekonomis\u00eb Politike Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Universitetin e Harvardit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i librit \u201cThe Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy\u201d, si dhe \u201cEconomics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of the Dismal Science\u201d."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/204"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2482"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2483,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2482\/revisions\/2483"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2482"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}