{"id":2506,"date":"2021-06-15T13:52:39","date_gmt":"2021-06-15T11:52:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2506"},"modified":"2024-10-16T13:59:32","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T11:59:32","slug":"pekini-planifikon-gjenocid-te-ngadalte-ne-xinjiang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/pekini-planifikon-gjenocid-te-ngadalte-ne-xinjiang\/","title":{"rendered":"Pekini planifikon gjenocid t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb n\u00eb Xinjiang"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb janar, qeveria amerikane\u00a0erdhi n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim<\/a>\u00a0se veprimet e Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb rajonin verilindor autonom t\u00eb ujgur\u00ebve n\u00eb Xinjiang p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin gjenocid ndaj popullat\u00ebs etnike t\u00eb ujgur\u00ebve. Kat\u00ebr parlamente t\u00eb tjera kan\u00eb ndjekur shembullin e amerikan\u00ebve. K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfundime u bazuan\u00a0kryesisht<\/a>\u00a0n\u00eb d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e\u00a0shtypjes<\/a>\u00a0sistematike t\u00eb lindjeve, meq\u00eb\u00a0Konventa<\/a>\u00a0e vitit 1948 e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Parandalimin dhe Nd\u00ebshkimin e Krimit t\u00eb Gjenocidit p\u00ebrcakton q\u00eb vepra e \u201cmbivendosjes s\u00eb masave me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb parandalimit t\u00eb lindjeve p\u00ebrbrenda nj\u00eb grupi\u201d p\u00ebrb\u00ebn akt gjenocidi n\u00ebse \u201cshkaktohet me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit, n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi ose pjes\u00ebrisht, t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi komb\u00ebtar, etnik, racor ose fetar.\u201d<\/p>\n

Disa\u00a0ekspert\u00eb ligjor\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0kan\u00eb ngritur pyetjen se a p\u00ebrmbushin krimet e Pekinit kund\u00ebr ujgur\u00ebve standardin e lart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrcaktuar si gjenocid. Deri m\u00eb sot, d\u00ebshmit\u00eb se fushata e Pekinit p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar lindjet ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim shkat\u00ebrrimin e popullit ujgur t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn \u201cpjes\u00ebrisht\u201d kan\u00eb mbetur disi jovendimtare. Ndon\u00ebse q\u00ebllimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar gjenocid mund t\u00eb konkludohet prej nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyre sjelljeje, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar n\u00eb rastin kur nuk ka vrasje n\u00eb mas\u00eb. Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebllimi afatgjat\u00eb i qeveris\u00eb kineze prapa\u00a0sterilizimit<\/a>\u00a0t\u00eb nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh t\u00eb grave ujgure?<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjigjet ndaj k\u00ebtyre pyetjeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme mund t\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e vet\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve kinez\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb publikim akademik n\u00eb\u00a0Central Asian Survey<\/em>, bashkautori i k\u00ebtij botimi Adrian Zenz, paraqet d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb reja gjithp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse dhe bind\u00ebse t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb deklaratat dhe raportet e publikuara t\u00eb akademik\u00ebve dhe zyrtar\u00ebve kinez\u00eb. Porosia e tyre kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb: popullata ujgure si e till\u00eb paraqet k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim q\u00eb rrezikon sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs. Madh\u00ebsia, dend\u00ebsia dhe rritja e saj e shpejt\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rreziqe t\u00eb siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb amortizohen, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhet problemi i \u201cterrorizmit\u201d n\u00eb rajon.<\/p>\n

Pekini ka filluar t\u00eb shtyp\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e lindshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb ujgur\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u201coptimizuar\u201d proporcionin e popullat\u00ebs etnike p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb kund\u00ebrterrorizmit. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Xinjiangun jugor, aty ku ndodhen ujgur\u00ebt, kjo do t\u00eb reduktonte rritjen e popullsis\u00eb duke parandaluar mes\u00a02.6 dhe 4.5 milion\u00eb lindje<\/a>\u00a0deri m\u00eb 2040, duke e tkurrur numrin e ujgur\u00ebve si t\u00ebr\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Dekani i Institutit t\u00eb Historis\u00eb dhe Gjeografis\u00eb t\u00eb Universitetit Tarim n\u00eb Xinjiang Liao Zhaoyu, ka argumentuar se problemi i terrorizmit n\u00eb rajon \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e dend\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb madhe t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs ujgure n\u00eb Xinjinagun jugor. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shp\u00ebrnguljeve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb han-\u00ebve, \u201c\u00e7ekuilibri i pakic\u00ebs etnike dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb popullat\u00ebs han n\u00eb Xinjiang-un jugor ka arritur nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht serioze\u201d. Liao thot\u00eb se Xinjinagu jugor duhet \u201ct\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb struktur\u00ebn dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e popullat\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund mbizot\u00ebrimit t\u00eb grupit etnik ujgur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Z\u00ebri m\u00eb i respektuar n\u00eb Xinjiang mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme \u00ebsht\u00eb Liu Yilei, z\u00ebv\u00ebndes sekretari i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i komitetit t\u00eb partis\u00eb n\u00eb Korporat\u00ebn e Prodhimit dhe Nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb Xinjiang, si dhe dekan i Universitetit t\u00eb Xinjiangut. M\u00eb 2020, Liu u shpreh se \u201crr\u00ebnja e problemeve t\u00eb stabilitetit social n\u00eb Xinjiang nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhur.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cProblemi n\u00eb Xinjinagun jugor \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht struktura e \u00e7ekulibruar e popullat\u00ebs,\u201d shtoi Liu. \u201cProporcioni i popullat\u00ebs dhe siguria e popullat\u00ebs jan\u00eb themele t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr paqe dhe stabilitet afatgjat\u00eb. Proporcioni i popullat\u00ebs Han n\u00eb Xinjiangun jugor \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i vog\u00ebl, m\u00eb pak se 15 p\u00ebr qind. Problemi i \u00e7ekuilibrit demografik \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja kryesore e Xinjiangut jugor.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 2017, n\u00eb vitin kur filloi fushata e internimit n\u00eb mas\u00eb, vet\u00eb presidenti kinez Xi Jinping dha udh\u00ebzime lidhur me \u201cHulumtimin dhe P\u00ebrparimin e Pun\u00ebs Optimizuese t\u00eb Struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb Popullat\u00ebs Etnike n\u00eb Xinjinagun Jugor.\u201d Ky dokument nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb publik.<\/p>\n

Hulumtues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb kinez\u00eb kan\u00eb argumentuar se \u201cthemeli p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e kund\u00ebrterrorizimit t\u00eb Xinjinangut\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201czgjidhja e problemit njer\u00ebzor.\u201d Posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht, kjo k\u00ebrkon \u201chollimin\u2026 e proporcionit t\u00eb popullatave etnike\u201d duke rritur pjes\u00ebn e popullat\u00ebs han dhe duke reduktuar pjes\u00ebt e popullatave me \u201cenergji negative\u201d, sikurse ujgur\u00ebt fetar\u00eb dhe tradicional\u00eb. Ky proces i hollimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebnjestruar etnik, i propozuar s\u00eb pari nga Xi gjat\u00eb vizit\u00ebs n\u00eb Xinjiang m\u00eb 2014, quhet \u201cmbjellje e popullat\u00ebs.\u201d Nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e vazhdueshme n\u00eb diskursin rreth k\u00ebtij \u201cproblemi njer\u00ebzor\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb koncepti i bazuar n\u00eb eugjenik\u00eb i \u201ccil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb popullat\u00ebs\u201d (ose \u201crenkou sushi\u201d),\u00a0<\/em>koncept i kahersh\u00ebm n\u00eb mendimin e Partis\u00eb Komuniste t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs ku ujgur\u00ebt konsiderohen t\u00eb jen\u00eb pakic\u00eb etnike e \u201ccil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ul\u00ebt\u201d.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur pjes\u00ebn e popullat\u00ebs han, Pekini duhet t\u00eb shtyj\u00eb miliona han\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb migrojn\u00eb n\u00eb Xinjiangun jugor. Deri m\u00eb 2022, planifikohen t\u00eb zhvendosen af\u00ebr\u00a0300,000 njer\u00ebz t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs han<\/a>\u00a0atje. Megjithat\u00eb, jugu \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu rajoni m\u00eb i brisht\u00eb ekologjik i Xinjiangut. Tokat e l\u00ebrueshme dhe uji \u00ebsht\u00eb pakt\u00eb. Urbanizimi dhe zhvillimi industrial rriti n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe shfryt\u00ebzimin e resurseve p\u00ebr kok\u00eb banori. Studimet kineze vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb se Xinjiangu si t\u00ebr\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbipopulluar p\u00ebr 2.3 milion\u00eb banor\u00eb q\u00eb prej vitit 2015, duke tejkaluar duksh\u00ebm kapacitetin ekologjik p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur popullsin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Rritja e pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb popullat\u00ebs han pa tejkaluar duksh\u00ebm kapacitetin e njer\u00ebzve, k\u00ebrkon reduktime drastike n\u00eb rritjen e popullat\u00ebs s\u00eb pakic\u00ebs etnike. P\u00ebrllogaritjet tregojn\u00eb se shtrirja m\u00eb ideale p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rritje \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fakt negative: rreth minus 2.5 p\u00ebr milje. Deri m\u00eb 2040, shteti mund t\u00eb rris\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e popullat\u00ebs han n\u00eb Xinjiangun jugor deri n\u00eb 25 p\u00ebr qind duke vendosur 1.9 milion\u00eb han\u00eb. Kjo mund t\u00eb holloj\u00eb dend\u00ebsin\u00eb e popullat\u00ebs ujgure n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me caqet e kund\u00ebrterrorizmit. Popullata e pakic\u00ebs etnike mund t\u00eb tkurret prej 9.5 milion\u00eb sa \u00ebsht\u00eb tash n\u00eb 9 milion\u00eb deri m\u00eb 2040, r\u00ebnie q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re prej v\u00ebzhguesve t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb popullat\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr ta kontrolluar dhe asimiluar.<\/p>\n

Bazuar n\u00eb projektimet q\u00eb u botuan s\u00eb fundmi prej hulumtuesve kinez\u00eb n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare\u00a0Sustainability,\u00a0<\/em>popullata e pakic\u00ebs etnike n\u00eb Xinjiangun jugor mund t\u00eb rritet deri n\u00eb\u00a013.1 milion\u00eb banor\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0deri me 2040, pa masat e ashpra q\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb lindjet.<\/p>\n

Mosp\u00ebrputhja prej 4.1 milion\u00eb personave mes 9 milion\u00eb dhe 13.1 milion\u00eb personave mund t\u00eb kuptohet se p\u00ebrb\u00ebn \u201cshkat\u00ebrrimin e pjessh\u00ebm\u201d t\u00eb shkaktuar nga \u201coptimizimi\u201d i popullat\u00ebs etnike nga shteti. Kjo do t\u00eb zvog\u00eblonte popullat\u00ebn e projektuar t\u00eb pakic\u00ebs etnike gjat\u00eb 20 viteve t\u00eb ardhshme p\u00ebr gati nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn (31 p\u00ebr qind).<\/p>\n

Sa \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundsh\u00ebm ky plan? Pas fushat\u00ebs drakonike t\u00eb shtypjes s\u00eb lindjeve, rritje natyrore e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Xinjiangun jugor tashm\u00eb po l\u00ebviz drejt zeros. Disa rajone ka planifikuar ta shtyjn\u00eb posht\u00eb zeros m\u00eb 2020 dhe 2021. S\u00eb fundmi, Xinjiang i ka th\u00ebn\u00eb zyrave t\u00eb planifikimit t\u00eb familjes q\u00eb t\u00eb \u201coptimizoj\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e popullat\u00ebs\u201d dhe t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb \u201cmonitorimin e popullsis\u00eb dhe paralajm\u00ebrimin e hersh\u00ebm.\u201d Rajoni ka krijuar t\u00eb gjitha parakushtet e nevojshme p\u00ebr \u201coptimizim\u201d t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb popullat\u00ebs s\u00eb saj etnike. Gjithashtu, nuk raporton m\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e lindshm\u00ebris\u00eb apo numrimin e popullat\u00ebs sipas rajonit ose grupit etnik.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto gjetje qesin drit\u00eb t\u00eb re mbi q\u00ebllimin e Pekinit q\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb fizikisht nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb grupit etnik ujgur duke parandaluar lindjet p\u00ebrbrenda grupit. Botimi i ri argumenton bindsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr masa t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebr synim arritjen e ndryshimit t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs etnike meq\u00eb popullata Han nuk do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb q\u00ebllimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimeve ekologjike, ekonomike dhe kufizimeve t\u00eb tjera. K\u00ebshtu, parandalimi i lindjeve ujgure \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb ky\u00e7e dhe e domosdoshme e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb \u201coptimizimit\u201d t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb Xinjiang \u2013 politik\u00eb q\u00eb konsiderohet \u00e7\u00ebshtje e siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, mir\u00ebkuptimi i rolit q\u00eb luan parandalimi i lindjeve dhe reduktimi afatgjat\u00eb i popullat\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme dallon veprimet e Kin\u00ebs kund\u00ebr ujgur\u00ebve prej masave t\u00eb saj t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb kontrollimit t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare dhe prej trajtimit t\u00eb pakicave t\u00eb tjera etnike dhe fetare, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb tibetian\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

In the key\u00a0aktgjykimin<\/a>\u00a0e vitit 2007 t\u00eb rastit\u00a0Bosnja dhe Hercegovina kund\u00ebr Serbis\u00eb dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi,\u00a0<\/em>Gjykata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb (ICJ), trupi gjyq\u00ebsor q\u00eb ka\u00a0juridiksion<\/a>\u00a0mbi mosmarr\u00ebveshjet mes shteteve p\u00ebrkitazi me Konvent\u00ebn mbi Gjenocidin, vendosi q\u00eb \u201cq\u00ebllimi duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb substanciale t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm.\u201d ICJ zgjeroi kriteret p\u00ebr vler\u00ebsimin e pragut t\u00eb \u201cpjes\u00ebs substanciale\u201d n\u00eb\u00a0aktgjykimin<\/a>\u00a0e vitit 2015\u00a0Kroacia kund\u00ebr Serbis\u00eb,\u00a0<\/em>duke vendosur q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht vler\u00ebsim numerik por gjithashtu merr parasysh q\u00ebllimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar \u201cp\u00ebrbrenda nj\u00eb zone t\u00eb kufizuar gjeografike\u201d dhe \u201cspikatjen e pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb sh\u00ebnjestruar p\u00ebrbrenda grupit si t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb.\u201d Ne argumentojm\u00eb se nj\u00eb politik\u00eb afatgjate p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar miliona lindje ujgure p\u00ebrmbush k\u00ebt\u00eb standard.<\/p>\n

Dy faktor\u00eb shtes\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar r\u00ebndes\u00ebn e situat\u00ebs s\u00eb tanishme me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn p\u00ebrballen ujgur\u00ebt. S\u00eb pari \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0burgosja sistematike<\/a>\u00a0e elitave fetare, intelektuale dhe kulturore ujgure, me vendosjen e\u00a0burgimeve t\u00eb gjata<\/a>\u00a0n\u00eb krahasim me mbajtjet arbitrare. Persekutimi sistematik i njer\u00ebzve ky\u00e7 p\u00ebr ruajtjen dhe p\u00ebr\u00e7imin e kultur\u00ebs dhe identitetit ujgur shoq\u00ebrohet me\u00a0politik\u00ebn e ndarjes s\u00eb familjeve<\/a>, ku f\u00ebmij\u00ebt ujgur\u00eb m\u00ebsohen q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsojn\u00eb kultur\u00ebn e shumic\u00ebs Han. S\u00eb dyti \u00ebsht\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimi se supozimi i Kin\u00ebs p\u00ebr nivelet e nevojshme t\u00eb \u201coptimizimit\u201d mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb me koh\u00eb n\u00ebse popullata ujgure, edhe at\u00ebher\u00eb kur zvog\u00eblohet n\u00eb num\u00ebr, nuk asimilohet ashtu si\u00e7 parashikohet.<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimi gjenocidal mund t\u00eb zhvillohet dhe p\u00ebrforcohet me koh\u00eb, ashtu si\u00e7 ka ngjar\u00eb n\u00eb gjenocid\u00ebt e kaluar. Perceptimi i ujgur\u00ebve si k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim njer\u00ebzor p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs n\u00ebnkupton se caqet e parandalimit t\u00eb lindjeve mund t\u00eb rriten me koh\u00eb, duke rritur k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e vazhdueshme t\u00eb grupit si t\u00ebr\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb prej debatit q\u00eb rrethon klasifikimin e veprimeve t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs kund\u00ebr ujgur\u00ebve p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket \u201cp\u00ebrcaktimit\u201d t\u00eb gjenocidit nga shtetet p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen ligjore t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb \u201cq\u00ebllimit gjenocidal.\u201d Posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht jan\u00eb ngritur debate rreth barr\u00ebs s\u00eb prov\u00ebs t\u00eb aplikueshme p\u00ebr gjetjet e bazuara n\u00eb d\u00ebshmi dhe inferenca rrethanore, t\u00eb bazuara par\u00ebsisht n\u00eb korniz\u00ebn ligjore t\u00eb ligjit penal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Ne pyesim se a \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme koj korniz\u00eb dhe ky k\u00ebrkim evidencash p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimin e p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb gjenocidit nga nj\u00eb shtet. Shteti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb trup gjyq\u00ebsor e as nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim q\u00eb implikon t\u00eb drejtat themelore t\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb nj\u00eb individi (sikurse e drejta p\u00ebr gjyq t\u00eb drejt\u00eb ose e drejta p\u00ebr liri).<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, p\u00ebrcaktimet e gjenocidit nga nj\u00eb shtet kan\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb udh\u00ebzojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje politikash, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb thelb\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndryshme prej q\u00ebllimit t\u00eb ligjit penal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar ose proceseve gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Ky argument nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i qart\u00eb se sa prej faktit se vet\u00ebm k\u00ebt\u00eb jav\u00eb Tribunali Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr Ish Jugosllavin\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb fund\u00a0confirmed<\/a>\u00a0d\u00ebnimin e Ratko Mladic-it p\u00ebr gjenocidin e Srebrenic\u00ebs, gjenocid i cili ngjau para 26 vitesh.<\/p>\n

Ligji penal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar \u00ebsht\u00eb veg\u00ebl e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e llogaridh\u00ebnies pas kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb krimi, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb veg\u00ebl e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb parandalimit ose p\u00ebrgjigjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb gjenocidi q\u00eb po zhvillohet. Gjetjet e reja paraqesin d\u00ebshmi bind\u00ebse t\u00eb nj\u00eb politike gjenocidale q\u00eb vet\u00ebm sa ka filluar t\u00eb shpaloset dhe e cila do t\u00eb zbatohet n\u00eb dekadat n\u00eb vazhdim.<\/p>\n

Sipas nesh, kur shtetet p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb imitojn\u00eb proceset gjyq\u00ebsore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe aplikojn\u00eb standarde sipas provave q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb kriminale individuale, kjo krijon rreziqe q\u00eb ata t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmbushin detyrimet e tyre si shtet n\u00ebn ligjin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Konventa e Gjenocidit detyron t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt shtet\u00ebrore q\u00eb t\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb gjenocidin. N\u00eb aktgjykimin e vitit 2007 Bosnja dhe Hercegovina kund\u00ebr Serbis\u00eb dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi, ICJ-a vendosi q\u00eb \u201cdetyrimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar, dhe detyra korresponduese p\u00ebr t\u00eb vepruar, ngriten n\u00eb momentin q\u00eb shteti m\u00ebson, ose q\u00eb normalisht duhet t\u00eb kishte m\u00ebsuar, p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb rreziku serioz t\u00eb shkaktimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb gjenocidi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Zyra e KB-s\u00eb p\u00ebr Parandalimin e Gjenocidit dhe P\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb Mbrojtur ka identifikuar faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut p\u00ebr \u201ckrime mizore\u201d (dmth gjenocid, krime lufte, dhe krime kund\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimit) n\u00eb\u00a0Korniz\u00ebn e Analiz\u00ebs p\u00ebr Krime Mizore<\/a>. Faktori 10, q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht me gjenocidin, ofron indikator\u00eb p\u00ebr \u201cshenjat e q\u00ebllimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar pjes\u00ebrisht ose n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb mbrojtur.\u201d Duksh\u00ebm, kjo korniz\u00eb u p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb Mision e Pavarur Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr Gjetjen e Fakteve n\u00eb Mianmar n\u00eb\u00a0gjetjet e vitit 2019<\/a>\u00a0p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ballafaqohen Rohingia. Ne sugjerojm\u00eb q\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb korniz\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb udh\u00ebzoj\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimet p\u00ebr gjenocid t\u00eb shteteve, duke pasur parasysh q\u00ebllimet e tyre t\u00eb dallueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeve politike. Duke zbatuar k\u00ebt\u00eb korniz\u00eb, shum\u00eb prej shenjave t\u00eb q\u00ebllimit gjenocidal n\u00ebn faktorin 10 t\u00eb rrezikut\u00a0 jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket veprimeve t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs kund\u00ebr ujgur\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Si p\u00ebrmbledhje, hulumtimi i sapobotuar ofron d\u00ebshmi bind\u00ebse p\u00ebr shtetet dhe komunitetin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar se gjenocidi po kryhet ngadal\u00eb. Shqet\u00ebsim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb meriton perceptimi i Kin\u00ebs p\u00ebr popullat\u00ebn ujgure si k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim i siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Shenja t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb q\u00ebllimit gjenocidal jan\u00eb poashtu qartazi t\u00eb pranishme n\u00ebn korniz\u00ebn e KB-s\u00eb. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, edhe ato shtete q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mos pajtohen me k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim nuk mund t\u00eb mohojn\u00eb se ekziston, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, nj\u00eb rrezik serioz q\u00eb t\u00eb ngjaj\u00eb gjenocidi. Ne themi se shtetet jan\u00eb t\u00eb obliguara t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb urgjentisht bazuar n\u00eb k\u00ebto njohuri.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Artikulli origjinal n\u00eb\u00a0Foreign Policy<\/a>\u00a0m\u00eb 8 Qershor 2021.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\"Image\"<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ky artikull\u00a0mb\u00ebshtetet nga “Sbunker” p\u00ebrmes projektit t\u00eb financuar nga Ambasada Amerikane. Mendimet e shprehura k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit\u00a0dhe jo medoemos pasqyrojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb janar, qeveria amerikane\u00a0erdhi n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim\u00a0se veprimet e Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb rajonin verilindor autonom t\u00eb ujgur\u00ebve n\u00eb Xinjiang p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin gjenocid ndaj popullat\u00ebs etnike t\u00eb ujgur\u00ebve. Kat\u00ebr parlamente t\u00eb tjera kan\u00eb ndjekur shembullin e amerikan\u00ebve. K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfundime u bazuan\u00a0kryesisht\u00a0n\u00eb d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e\u00a0shtypjes\u00a0sistematike t\u00eb lindjeve, meq\u00eb\u00a0Konventa\u00a0e vitit 1948 e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr Parandalimin dhe Nd\u00ebshkimin e Krimit t\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":499,"featured_media":8343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1297],"ppma_author":[1320,1319],"class_list":["post-2506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-dragoi-i-zgjuar"],"authors":[{"term_id":1320,"user_id":499,"is_guest":0,"slug":"erin-rusenberg","display_name":"Erin Rusenberg","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/567eedf9c2513ef0d1ebf062710e260d7f55f3684565a49829d381b0006fe554?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Rusenberg","first_name":"Erin","description":""},{"term_id":1319,"user_id":498,"is_guest":0,"slug":"adrian-zenz","display_name":"Adrian Zenz","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/12cfb30b42d995dfef71c8141ad177482976623498a694df90a0e2402c63e377?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Zenz","first_name":"Adrian","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/499"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2506"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2507,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2506\/revisions\/2507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2506"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}