{"id":2528,"date":"2021-09-23T13:07:46","date_gmt":"2021-09-23T11:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=2528"},"modified":"2024-10-15T13:08:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T11:08:58","slug":"filozofi-john-gray-perendimi-nuk-po-vdes-idete-e-tij-rrojne-ne-kine-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/filozofi-john-gray-perendimi-nuk-po-vdes-idete-e-tij-rrojne-ne-kine-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Filozofi John Gray: Per\u00ebndimi nuk po vdes \u2013 idet\u00eb e tij rrojn\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ajo me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ballafaqohet bota per\u00ebndimore nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrparimi k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues i qytet\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb huaja, por hijet e veta t\u00eb err\u00ebta q\u00eb l\u00ebvizin p\u00ebrmes Kin\u00ebs dhe Rusis\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zmbrapsja e Per\u00ebndimit filloi me r\u00ebnien e komunizmit m\u00eb 1989. Elitat tona ngadh\u00ebnjyese humb\u00ebn sensin e realitetit dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb varg p\u00ebrpjekjesh p\u00ebr ta rind\u00ebrtuar bot\u00ebn sipas sh\u00ebmb\u00eblltyr\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre braktis\u00ebn disa prej rajoneve m\u00eb strategjike t\u00eb planetit. Rezultati p\u00ebrfundimtar i p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr ta eksportuar sistemin e tyre t\u00eb qeverisjes \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb shtetet per\u00ebndimore jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuara sesa ishin ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, ta shoh\u00ebsh k\u00ebt\u00eb debak\u00ebl si disfat\u00eb p\u00ebr idet\u00eb dhe vlerat per\u00ebndimore \u00ebsht\u00eb gabim themelor. Ideologjit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore vazhdojn\u00eb ta sundojn\u00eb bot\u00ebn. N\u00eb Kin\u00eb, Xi Jinping ka p\u00ebrqafuar nj\u00eb soj t\u00eb nacionalizmit integral jo t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm prej atyre q\u00eb u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn e mes dy luft\u00ebrave, nd\u00ebrkaq Vladimir Putini ka p\u00ebrdorur me shkatht\u00ebsi metodat leniniste p\u00ebr ta ringjallur nj\u00eb Rusi t\u00eb molisur n\u00eb nj\u00eb fuqi globale. Idet\u00eb dhe projektet q\u00eb kan\u00eb zanafill\u00ebn n\u00eb per\u00ebndimin joliberal vazhdojn\u00eb ta form\u00ebsojn\u00eb politik\u00ebn globale. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb dhe me nj\u00eb sinkroniz\u00ebm interesant, liberalizmi per\u00ebndimor \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb edhe vet\u00eb joliberal. Tat\u00ebpjeta gjeopolitike e Per\u00ebndimit u b\u00eb e dukshme pas pushtimit t\u00eb Irakut m\u00eb 2003 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb nga t\u00ebrheqja e forcave amerikane nga Afganistani. Irani \u00ebsht\u00eb tash fuqia mbizot\u00ebruese n\u00eb Irak. Me tretjen e shtetit dhe ushtris\u00eb afgane pas t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, e ardhmja do t\u00eb vendoset nga taleban\u00ebt dhe shtetet fqinje t\u00eb cilat t\u00ebrhiqen nga gjendja e vakumit t\u00eb pushtetit. Pas vitesh nd\u00ebrhyrjeje per\u00ebndimore dhe vdekjes s\u00eb qindra-mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebzve, Bashar al-Assad \u00ebsht\u00eb ende n\u00eb pushtet n\u00eb Siri dhe Rusia \u00ebsht\u00eb forca vendimtare atje. Pas rr\u00ebzimit nga pushteti t\u00eb orkestruar nga Per\u00ebndimi t\u00eb Muammar al-Gaddafit m\u00eb 2011, Libia \u00ebsht\u00eb hap\u00ebsira e paqeverisur dhe port\u00eb e kontrabandimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb muajt e fundit, ritmi i zmbrapsjes per\u00ebndimore \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar. Takimi i Joe Bidenit me Putinin n\u00eb Gjenev\u00eb n\u00eb qershor i dha presidentit rus at\u00eb q\u00eb ai d\u00ebshironte m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti. Duke pranuar p\u00ebrfundimin e gazsjell\u00ebsit Nord Stream 2, Bideni ka fuqizuar Rusin\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i nd\u00ebrpres\u00eb furnizimet me ernergji n\u00eb vendet tranzite. Ukraina \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb lakuriq n\u00eb shi dhe Polonia e shtetet baltike jan\u00eb ekspozuar ndaj fuqis\u00eb ruse.<\/p>\n

Arsyetimi p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb disfat\u00eb e madhe gjeopolitike \u00ebsht\u00eb me sa duket q\u00eb t\u2019i lejohet Gjermanis\u00eb t\u2019i siguroj\u00eb furnizimet e saj t\u00eb energjis\u00eb si shk\u00ebmbim p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetjen e p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i mbajtur frenat Kin\u00ebs. Mir\u00ebpo, mund\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb Gjermania t\u2019i rrezikoj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet tregtare me Kin\u00ebn kan\u00eb qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb vogla. Vitin e kaluar, Gjermania eksportoi gati 100 miliard\u00eb euro mallra n\u00eb Kin\u00eb \u2013 pak a shum\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha eksporteve t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb atje. Jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb Kina \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb tregu m\u00eb i madh i eksportit gjerman, por gjithashtu edhe me rritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Politika e jashtme gjermane diktohet kryesisht nga faktor\u00ebt vendor\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa lobist\u00ebt industrial\u00eb do t\u00eb sigurohen q\u00eb lidhjet tregtare me Kin\u00ebn t\u00eb mos kompromentohen. P\u00ebr t\u00eb Gjelbrit me ndikim, dalja e Gjermanis\u00eb nga energjia e qymyrit dhe nukleare tejkalon \u00e7do kosto gjeopolitike. Nj\u00ebz\u00ebri me presidentin francez Emmanuel Macron, Angela Merkel e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb se Berlini d\u00ebshiron ulje t\u00eb tensionit me Rusin\u00eb. N\u00eb \u00e7do betej\u00eb mes fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, Gjermania \u2013 prandaj edhe BE-ja \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb e prir\u00eb t\u00eb rrij\u00eb m\u00ebnjan\u00eb, neutrale dhe e pareshtuar, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00eb q\u00ebndron n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e influenc\u00ebs ruse. Jo aq e kufizuar prej diplomacis\u00eb evropiane pas Brexitit, Britania po i reziston k\u00ebsaj prirjeje. Mir\u00ebpo, pa p\u00ebrkrahjen e fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha evropiane nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se sa mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa t\u2019i mbroj\u00eb interesat e saj komb\u00ebtar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dekompozimi i Per\u00ebndimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm fakt gjeopolitik, por gjithashtu edhe kulturor e intelektual. Vendet kryesore t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb organe t\u00eb fuqishme t\u00eb opinionit q\u00eb e konsiderojn\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimin e tyre si forc\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje hiperliberale, e cila p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb, vlerat per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb liris\u00eb dhe toleranc\u00ebs n\u00ebnkuptojn\u00eb pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dominim racor. N\u00ebse ekziston ende si bllok qytet\u00ebrues, Per\u00ebndimi duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet copash.<\/p>\n

Ky hiperliberaliz\u00ebm nuk prezentohet si nj\u00eb prej pik\u00ebv\u00ebshtrimeve t\u00eb shumta q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shqyrtohen dhe t\u00eb kritikohen p\u00ebrmes debatit t\u00eb hapur. \u00cbsht\u00eb katekiz\u00ebm i kontrolluar nga presioni i t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve dhe sanksionet profesionale. Ata q\u00eb e zbatojn\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00eblqejn\u00eb t\u2019i hedhin posht\u00eb praktikat si \u201canulimi\u201d, si makthe t\u00eb nj\u00eb mendjeje djathtiste dhe pa baz\u00eb n\u00eb fakte. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ata besojn\u00eb se mospajtimi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e shtypjes.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kredon hiperliberale tolerohen vet\u00ebm ato q\u00eb konsiderohen t\u00eb thjeshta, t\u00eb qarta, t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat pa t\u00eb meta morale. Vler\u00ebsimi i kostove dhe p\u00ebrfitimeve t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb perandorive per\u00ebndimore p\u00ebr popujt q\u00eb kan\u00eb qeverisur nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb larg prej t\u00eb qen\u00ebt totalisht i ndaluar, ashtu si edhe shqyrtimi i p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb shteteve joper\u00ebndimore n\u00eb skllav\u00ebri. Disa djathtist\u00eb kan\u00eb krahasuar kufizimet e tilla ideologjike me ato t\u00eb zbatuara n\u00eb komuniz\u00ebm. Dallimi \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore k\u00ebta frena t\u00eb hulumtimit t\u00eb lir\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb imponuara ndaj vetvetes.<\/p>\n

Rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb Per\u00ebndimi liberal \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb subjekt i hetimit historik sesa realitet bashk\u00ebkohor. Ata q\u00eb besojn\u00eb se njer\u00ebzimi mblidhet rreth vlerave liberale anashkalojn\u00eb faktin se shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore po i flakin me shpejt\u00ebsi ato. \u201cHarku i historis\u00eb\u201d tregon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb model q\u00eb nuk ekziston m\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se hiperliberalizmi ka fituar. P\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb funksionon, demokracia i imponon kufij fanatizmit ideologjik. Me gjith\u00eb pap\u00ebrmbajtjen e tij, tregu prodhon alternativa. Hap\u00ebsirat q\u00eb inkurajojn\u00eb pluralizmin intelektual vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb \u2013 disa prej tyre edhe lul\u00ebzojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Hiperliberalizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb ideologji e nj\u00eb klase q\u00eb aspiron t\u00eb sundoj\u00eb dhe q\u00eb synon t\u00eb grumbulloj\u00eb pasuri dhe poste, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb l\u00ebvdohet me kredencialet e pap\u00ebrlyera progresive. Luft\u00ebrat e pazgjidhshme kulturore dhe nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb vlerore n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00e7\u00ebshtje ky\u00e7e faktike dhe shkencore jan\u00eb politizuar dhe jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb lufte p\u00ebr pushtet nga k\u00ebto kund\u00ebr-elita. Por, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00eb Zeland\u00eb t\u00eb Re dhe n\u00eb Kanadan\u00eb anglishtfol\u00ebse, nuk ka shenja se ato kan\u00eb arritur hegjemonin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb, shkollave u b\u00ebhet presion q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb version t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb historis\u00eb, korporatat private pushojn\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt nga puna p\u00ebr opinione devijante dhe institucionet kulturore sillen si gardian\u00eb t\u00eb fanatizmit. Prototipi p\u00ebr k\u00ebto praktika \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA, e cila e konsideron historin\u00eb dhe ndarjet e saj si di\u00e7ka q\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizon \u00e7do shoq\u00ebri moderne. N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, l\u00ebvizja vigjilente [woke movement] shihet me indiferenc\u00eb apo me sy t\u00eb keq \u2013 si n\u00eb rastin e Franc\u00ebs, ku Macroni e ka d\u00ebnuar si di\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u2018racializon\u2019 shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, kudo q\u00eb mbizot\u00ebron kjo agjend\u00eb amerikane, shoq\u00ebria nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb liberale n\u00eb asnj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb njohur historik.<\/p>\n

Shuarja e liberalizmit per\u00ebndimor nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se po jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb pas-per\u00ebndimore. Argumentet p\u00ebr r\u00ebnien per\u00ebndimore jan\u00eb zakonisht versione t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuara t\u00eb spekulimeve t\u00eb teoricienit politik t\u00eb Harvardit Samuel Huntington lidhur me p\u00ebrplasjen e qytet\u00ebrimeve, s\u00eb bashku me parashikimet p\u00ebr supremacin\u00eb e pashmangshme kineze. Pretendimet e tilla kan\u00eb pesh\u00eb p\u00ebr aq sa pasqyrojn\u00eb tkurrjen e dukshme t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb per\u00ebndimore. Mir\u00ebpo, ato huqin ve\u00e7orin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb sken\u00ebs bashk\u00ebkohore: mbizot\u00ebrimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb ideve per\u00ebndimore moderne. Jo ato t\u00eb liberalizmit si\u00e7 kuptohet tradicionalisht, por p\u00ebrzierjes s\u00eb fashizmit, komunizmit dhe nacionalizmit integral.<\/p>\n

Edhe Kina edhe Rusia \u2013 rivalet e njohura t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit \u2013 qeverisen nga ide q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga burimet per\u00ebndimore. (E nj\u00ebjta mund t\u00eb thuhet p\u00ebr nacionalizmin e Narendra Modit n\u00eb Indi dhe p\u00ebr disa l\u00ebvizje islamiste.) Ajo me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ballafaqohet bota per\u00ebndimore nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrparimi k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues i qytet\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb huaja, por hijet e veta t\u00eb err\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Artikulli origjinal n\u00eb\u00a0New Statesman<\/a>, m\u00eb 28 korrik 2021.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\"Image\"<\/div>\n

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Ky artikull\u00a0mb\u00ebshtetet nga “Sbunker” p\u00ebrmes projektit t\u00eb financuar nga Ambasada Amerikane. Mendimet e shprehura k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit\u00a0dhe jo medoemos pasqyrojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ajo me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ballafaqohet bota per\u00ebndimore nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrparimi k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues i qytet\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb huaja, por hijet e veta t\u00eb err\u00ebta q\u00eb l\u00ebvizin p\u00ebrmes Kin\u00ebs dhe Rusis\u00eb. Zmbrapsja e Per\u00ebndimit filloi me r\u00ebnien e komunizmit m\u00eb 1989. Elitat tona ngadh\u00ebnjyese humb\u00ebn sensin e realitetit dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb varg p\u00ebrpjekjesh p\u00ebr ta rind\u00ebrtuar bot\u00ebn sipas sh\u00ebmb\u00eblltyr\u00ebs […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":125,"featured_media":8343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1297],"ppma_author":[150],"class_list":["post-2528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-dragoi-i-zgjuar"],"authors":[{"term_id":150,"user_id":125,"is_guest":0,"slug":"john-gray","display_name":"John Gray","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-16-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-16-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Gray","first_name":"John","description":"John Gray \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb filozof dhe autor politik anglez me interes n\u00eb filozofin\u00eb analitike dhe historin\u00eb e ideve. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb shkrimtar kontribues p\u00ebr \"The New Statesman.\""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/125"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2528"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2529,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2528\/revisions\/2529"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2528"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}