Asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk ka pasur m\u00eb shum\u00eb zgjedhje, por Bota po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak\u00a0demokratike. N\u00eb vitin 2016, dy her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb autoritare sesa q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb demokratike. Ne gjendemi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nj\u00eb recesioni demokratik. Sot, af\u00ebrsisht dy nga tre qytetar\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00ebn sisteme t\u00eb qeverisjes q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht demokratike. Vet\u00ebm 30 p\u00ebr qind e zgjedhjeve t\u00eb mbajtura rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a0transfer\u00a0t\u00eb pushtetit. \u00cbsht\u00eb duke u rritur numri i\u00a0lider\u00ebve\u00a0autoritar t\u00eb cil\u00ebt po refuzojn\u00eb t\u00eb vendosin fatin e tyre n\u00eb duart e\u00a0qytetar\u00ebve. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, m\u00eb shum\u00eb\u00a0zgjedhje\u00a0po mbahen, por m\u00eb shum\u00eb zgjedhje po\u00a0manipulohen. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb disa prej p\u00ebrfundimeve\u00a0t\u00eb dy\u00a0profesor\u00ebve\u00a0t\u00eb shkencave politike, Nic Cheeseman\u00a0dhe\u00a0Brian Klaase n\u00eb librin e tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u201cSi t\u00eb manipulohen zgjedhjet\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ata kan\u00eb kategorizuar manipulimin e zgjedhjeve n\u00eb gjasht\u00eb kategori. E para \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0gerrymandering,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0in n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn partit\u00eb politike i shtremb\u00ebrojn\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e zonave zgjedhore me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb start m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhje. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton se partit\u00eb rivale mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb me m\u00eb pak ul\u00ebse n\u00eb Kuvend edhe n\u00ebse kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb vota. E dyta \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0blerja e votave<\/strong>, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb blerjen direkt t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes qytetare p\u00ebrmes dhurimit t\u00eb parave, apo t\u00eb di\u00e7ka m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar vota t\u00eb cilat nuk mund t\u00eb fitohen, por q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb strategji e shtrenjt\u00eb\u00a0dhe kur votimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i fsheht\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb zbatohet. Votuesit mund t\u00eb marrin parat\u00eb, por q\u00eb t\u00eb votojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb kandidat tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb kabin\u00ebn e votimit pa p\u00ebsuar ndonj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n Autokrat\u00ebt po p\u00ebrdorin edhe nj\u00eb\u00a0metod\u00eb\u00a0t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb manipulimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve p\u00ebrmes\u00a0shtypjes s\u00eb votuesve<\/strong>\u00a0p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar kandidat\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb fushat\u00eb, t\u00eb ju mohojn\u00eb\u00a0atyre\u00a0qasjen n\u00eb media, dhe t\u00eb\u00a0frik\u00ebsimit\u00a0t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsve t\u00eb rivalit politik duke i ndaluar q\u00eb t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb vendvotime. N\u00ebse kjo strategji nuk funksionon, ata kan\u00eb edhe dy opsione tjera:\u00a0hakimit\u00a0t\u00eb zgjedhjeve<\/strong>, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb debatin publik dhe t\u2019i rishkruajn\u00eb rezultatet e zgjedhjeve; dhe\u00a0mbushjen e kutive t\u00eb votimit<\/strong>, duke shtuar flet\u00ebvotime t\u00eb rrejshme apo duke iu mund\u00ebsuar votuesve t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb t\u00eb votojn\u00eb disa her\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur\u00a0performanc\u00ebn\u00a0e partis\u00eb politike apo t\u00eb kandidatit t\u00eb caktuar. P\u00ebr t\u2019ia hedhur me k\u00ebto taktika, ata kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0mashtrojn\u00eb komunitetin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb<\/strong>, p\u00ebr t\u00eb legjitimuar kualitetin e dob\u00ebt t\u00eb organizimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve. K\u00ebto strategji\u00a0gjenerojn\u00eb\u00a0kosto dhe\u00a0p\u00ebrfitime\u00a0t\u00eb ndryshme,\u00a0prandaj\u00a0p\u00ebrdorimi i tyre b\u00ebhet n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb pozicionit n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodhen\u00a0lider\u00ebt\u00a0autoritar\u00eb.<\/p>\n Sa jan\u00eb t\u00eb zbatuara n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb k\u00ebto metoda t\u00eb manipulimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve dhe cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb tjera?<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb vazhdim do t\u00eb krahasojm\u00eb k\u00ebto metoda t\u00eb manipulimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve me ato t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb demaskojm\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat e veprimit t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb manipuluar zgjedhjet. Vet\u00ebm ather\u00eb kur t\u2019i kemi njohur metodat, mund t\u00eb intervenojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i parandaluar.<\/p>\n Sa i p\u00ebrket manipulimit me kufijt\u00eb zonal, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb evitohet kjo mund\u00ebsi pasi i gjith\u00eb vendi konsiderohet si nj\u00eb zon\u00eb e vetme zgjedhore p\u00ebr zgjedhjet parlamentare. Kurse sa i p\u00ebrket zonave p\u00ebr zgjedhje lokale edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nuk ka pasur ndryshim t\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb komunave, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb atyre t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb krijuar pas procesit t\u00eb decentralizimit q\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb ndarje etnike por jo t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes partiake. Blerja e votave \u00ebsht\u00eb kategoria m\u00eb e shprehur n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb manipuluar zgjedhjet. Teknikat e p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb\u00a0pages\u00ebn e fatur\u00ebs s\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim p\u00ebr votimin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kandidat t\u00eb caktuar, shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb mbushjeve t\u00eb telefonis\u00eb mobile, shp\u00ebrndarjen e miellit e deri te\u00a0pagesa t\u00eb ushqimit dhe pijeve n\u00eb kafeteri<\/a>. P\u00ebr t\u2019u siguruar q\u00eb investimi t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb i d\u00ebshtuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar teknika e trenit Bullgar. Kjo metod\u00eb e manipulimit t\u00eb votave \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet evropiane n\u00eb Bullgari n\u00eb vitin 2009, ku sipas analist\u00ebve vler\u00ebsohet se jan\u00eb manipuluar 200 mij\u00eb deri n\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim p\u00ebr votimin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kandidat t\u00eb caktuar, shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb mbushjeve t\u00eb telefonis\u00eb mobile, shp\u00ebrndarjen e miellit e deri te pagesa t\u00eb ushqimit dhe pijeve n\u00eb kafeteri. P\u00ebr t\u2019u siguruar q\u00eb investimi t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb i d\u00ebshtuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar teknika e trenit Bullgar. Kjo metod\u00eb e manipulimit t\u00eb votave \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet evropiane n\u00eb Bullgari n\u00eb vitin 2009, ku sipas analist\u00ebve vler\u00ebsohet se jan\u00eb manipuluar 200 mij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 350 mij\u00eb vota. P\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar suksessh\u00ebm k\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb duhet s\u00eb pari t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqet nga vendvotimi nj\u00eb flet\u00ebvotim origjinal. K\u00ebt\u00eb flet\u00ebvotim bler\u00ebsi i vot\u00ebs e jep t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr votuesin, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast shit\u00ebsin e vot\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pages\u00ebn, shit\u00ebsi duhet t\u00eb hedh flet\u00ebvotimin e plot\u00ebsuar paraprakisht n\u00eb kutin\u00eb e votimit, nd\u00ebrsa flet\u00ebvotimin e zbraz\u00ebt duhet ta kthej tek shit\u00ebsi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb bler\u00ebsit e votave, arrijn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr numrin e votave q\u00eb do t\u00eb marrin p\u00ebrmes manipulimit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar kjo metod\u00eb, indikatori i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kur numri i votave n\u00eb kuti t\u00eb flet\u00ebvotimit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl sesa numri i n\u00ebnshkrimeve n\u00eb list\u00ebn e votuesve. Edhe m\u00eb evidente \u00ebsht\u00eb kur n\u00eb kuti t\u00eb votimit, gjenden flet\u00ebvotime t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb origjinal, e q\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaktuar kur flet\u00ebvotimi i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nga vendvotimit. Metod\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb votat \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe votimi me asistenc\u00eb. Kjo dukuri \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e shprehur n\u00eb zgjedhje n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, me mbi 30 mij\u00eb votues t\u00eb cil\u00ebt k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb asistenc\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tyre edhe kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, mir\u00ebpo kur asistenca k\u00ebrkohet nga votues t\u00eb rijn\u00eb nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb dhe vijn\u00eb nga radh\u00ebt e komuniteteve, at\u00ebher\u00eb dyshimet rriten p\u00ebr blerje t\u00eb vot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Shtypja e votuesve ka ndodhur sidomos n\u00eb organizimet e para t\u00eb zgjedhjeve t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs. N\u00eb nj\u00eb video t\u00eb publikuar nga zgjedhjet e vitit 2000, shihet sesi n\u00eb n\u00eb tubim t\u00eb LDK- s\u00eb ishte ndalur rryma pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb momentin kur fjal\u00ebn kishte marr\u00eb kryetari i saj Ibrahim Rugova. S\u00eb fundi frik\u00ebsimi i votuesve ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb e shprehur n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e komunitet serb, p\u00ebrmes presionit p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar p\u00ebr List\u00ebn Serbe.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrhyrja n\u00eb zgjedhje p\u00ebrmes hakimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur t\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb prezent\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Rastet e ngritura si t\u00eb dyshimta p\u00ebr\u00a0krijimni e llogarive t\u00eb rrejshme\u00a0<\/a>n\u00eb rrejtet sociale apo lajmet e rrejshme n\u00eb portale kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb vend. Mir\u00ebpo nuk mund t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr raste si ai i hakerit t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm kolumbian\u00a0Andr\u00e9s Sep\u00falveda,<\/a>\u00a0q\u00eb kishte nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb zgjedhje t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Latine.<\/p>\n Mbushja e kutive t\u00eb votimit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb zgjedhje n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Kjo metod\u00eb jo gjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb men\u00e7ur, pasi votuesit nga nxitimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb vota p\u00ebr partin\u00eb e tyre, kan\u00eb arritur q\u00eb daljen n\u00eb zgjedhje ta qojn\u00eb n\u00eb 120%. P\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur mbushjen e kutive, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur emrat e votuesve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb vdekur dhe q\u00eb ende ndodh\u00ebn n\u00eb list\u00ebn e votuesve, por edhe t\u00eb votuesve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit. N\u00eb zgjedhjet e fundit lokale, kjo metod\u00eb ishte avancuar m\u00eb tutje. N\u00eb zgjedhjet n\u00eb Istog, votuesit nga jasht\u00eb n\u00eb shumic\u00eb kishin votuar p\u00ebr kandidatin e LDK-s\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb raundin e dyt\u00eb, kishin \u201cndryshuar mendje\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar p\u00ebr at\u00eb t\u00eb AAK-s\u00eb. Kur Paneli Zgjedhor p\u00ebr Ankesa dhe Parashtresa kishte\u00a0verifikuar<\/a>\u00a0votuesit nga jasht\u00eb n\u00ebse t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit kan\u00eb votuar n\u00eb raundin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhjeve p\u00ebr kryetar t\u00eb komun\u00ebs, kishte rezultuar me votues fantom.<\/p>\n Mashtrimi i komunitetit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb, apo th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb kur komuniteti\u00a0nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i ka mbyllur syt\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb rasteve t\u00eb manipulimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve mund t\u00eb thuhet q\u00eb jan\u00eb evidente edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Zgjedhjet e vitit 2010 p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr q\u00eb ishin cil\u00ebsuar si \u201cvjedhje industriale e votave\u201d, nga vet\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit diplomatik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb,\u00a0prap\u00a0komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb e ka shk\u00ebmbyer munges\u00ebn e\u00a0demokracis\u00eb\u00a0me interesat e tyre dhe shqet\u00ebsimeve p\u00ebr ruajtje t\u00eb stabilitetit politik.<\/p>\n Duke i par\u00eb k\u00ebto raste, mund t\u00eb themi se n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb manipulimi i zgjedhjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i pranish\u00ebm, dhe do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr aq sa do t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsi. Tek e fundit, lakmija p\u00ebr pushtet i shtyn\u00eb shum\u00eb parti politike drejt manipulimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve. E jona \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i zbulojm\u00eb k\u00ebto veprime p\u00ebrmes v\u00ebzhgimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve, dhe t\u00eb propozojm\u00eb m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u2019i parandaluar, qoft\u00eb kjo edhe p\u00ebrmes ndryshimeve n\u00eb sistemin zgjedhor.<\/p>\n —-<\/p>\n Ky shkrim mb\u00ebshtetet nga D4D, si pjes\u00eb\u00a0e projektit ‘Avancimi i proceseve demokratike’ financuar nga\u00a0Departamenti Federal i Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb\u00a0Jashtme t\u00eb\u00a0Zvicr\u00ebs.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk ka pasur m\u00eb shum\u00eb zgjedhje, por Bota po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak\u00a0demokratike. N\u00eb vitin 2016, dy her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb autoritare sesa q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb demokratike. Ne gjendemi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nj\u00eb recesioni demokratik. Sot, af\u00ebrsisht dy nga tre qytetar\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00ebn sisteme t\u00eb qeverisjes q\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":166,"featured_media":8105,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1252],"ppma_author":[195],"class_list":["post-2855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-zgjedhje-zgjidhje"],"authors":[{"term_id":195,"user_id":166,"is_guest":0,"slug":"rezarta-delibashzade","display_name":"Rezarta Delibashzade","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-3-9.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-3-9.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Delibashzade","first_name":"Rezarta","description":"Rezarta Delibashzade \u00ebsht\u00eb menaxhere e programit n\u00eb Institutin Demokraci p\u00ebr zhvillim, dhe menaxhon projektin \u2018Avancimi i proceseve demokratike\u2019. Fushat kryesore q\u00eb mbulon n\u00eb organizat\u00eb jan\u00eb Zgjedhjet dhe partit\u00eb politike, Rritja e pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb grave n\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb tregut si dhe Interesi Publik)"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/166"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2855"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8111,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2855\/revisions\/8111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2855"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}