I kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb reputacion Suedis\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, por tani ky model po fillon t\u00eb marr\u00eb karakteristika liberale.<\/p>\n
Socialdemokracia si ideologji buron nga socializmi i cili u shfaq p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XVIII n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb industriale t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar. N\u00eb fillim socializmi \u00ebsht\u00eb karakterizuar vet\u00ebm si ide filozofike deri n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Karl Marksit i cili socializmin si ideologji e zhvilloi n\u00eb doktrin\u00eb ekonomike. Idet\u00eb e para socialiste jan\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb vizionin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri humane, ku ndarjet sociale do t\u00eb luftohen dhe ku t\u00eb mirat materiale dhe prosperiteti do t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Partia Socialdemokrate (S) n\u00eb Suedi u themelua n\u00eb vitin 1889. N\u00eb fillim idet\u00eb e partis\u00eb ishin kryesisht marksiste, ku lufta e klasave ishte boshti kryesor. Pas nj\u00eb dekade filluan reformat n\u00eb parti dhe mund t\u00eb shiheshin ndryshime sa i p\u00ebrket ideologjis\u00eb. Tanim\u00eb, programi i partis\u00eb kishte m\u00eb tep\u00ebr nj\u00eb qasje reformiste se sa revolucionare. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, ndikimi i teorive t\u00eb Marksit ishte zvog\u00ebluar shum\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Suedia gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe jo shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb kohore ka kaluar nga nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri klasash dhe e varf\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb mir\u00ebqen\u00eb, si rezultat i politikave dhe reformave t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate. Ndihmat sociale dhe sigurimi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, jan\u00eb dy t\u00eb mirat q\u00eb luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb sigurin\u00eb \u00a0qytetar\u00ebve. K\u00ebto reforma hyn\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve t\u00eb 50-ta (socialdemokraterna.se 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb viteve 1960 dhe 1970 p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet duksh\u00ebm mir\u00ebqenia tek popullata. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe u prezantuan reformat n\u00eb sistemin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe at\u00eb social. Hyri n\u00eb fuqi ndihma sociale p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara si dhe u prezantua ligji mbi kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1970 u lejua sigurimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i kujdesit dentar. Vitet 1974-75 njihen p\u00ebr sigurimin e prind\u00ebrve si dhe u vendos q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt 6-vje\u00e7ar\u00eb do t\u00eb jen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e sistemit parashkollor (socialdemokraterna.se 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1980, n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb filloj nj\u00eb val\u00eb e re e socialdemokracis\u00eb. Konceptet tashm\u00eb t\u00eb njohura si \u201dbarazia\u201d dhe \u201dkapitalizmi\u201d u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuan me fjal\u00ebt e reja si \u201ddrejt\u00ebsia\u201d dhe \u201dekonomia\u201d t\u00eb cilat nuk perceptoheshin si koncepte negative, edhe pse nuk kishin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn dometh\u00ebnie. N\u00eb thelb, politika e re krijoi nj\u00eb dashamir\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb viteve 1980 dhe 1990, Partia Socialdemokrate p\u00ebsoi nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb madh ideologjik. Gjithashtu u shfaq\u00ebn mospajtimet e brendshme sidomos nga t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201dsocialdemokrat\u00eb tradicional\u00eb\u201d, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt argumentonin se partia \u00ebsht\u00eb larguar nga politika e saj burimore, ku karakterizohej me mbrojtjen e interesit t\u00eb dob\u00ebtit.<\/span><\/p>\n Modeli suedez, shteti social dhe politikat e mir\u00ebqenies<\/span><\/p>\n Koncepti i shtetit social do t\u00eb thot\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga institucione t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb pavarura n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, i cili shp\u00ebrndan resurset p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. Nj\u00eb shtet q\u00eb promovon mir\u00ebqenien, krijon drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb, barazin\u00eb dhe lirin\u00eb p\u00ebr individ\u00ebt e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Modeli suedez (Den svenska modellen) u b\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet n\u00eb vitin 1960, nj\u00eb koncept politik i ri i bazuar kryesisht n\u00eb sigurim dhe zhvillim. Ky koncept njihet si vler\u00eb suedeze dhe \u00a0i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb reputacion t\u00eb mir\u00eb Suedis\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb Suedia kishte pun\u00ebsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb, l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb fort\u00eb sindikaliste, tregti dhe eksport t\u00eb madh, dhe nj\u00eb politik\u00eb aktive t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs i cili ndihmoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur mir\u00ebqenien e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb viteve 1970, Suedia krijoi nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb reformash t\u00eb politikave sociale. Po ashtu, pik\u00ebpamja mbi individin filloi t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb duke pasur nj\u00eb besim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh dhe rritje n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb individuale. N\u00eb vitet 1980 nuk kishte aq shum\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb politikave sociale, po ashtu stagnuan edhe politikat e mir\u00ebqenies n\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb reform\u00ebs p\u00ebr personat me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve iu lejua e drejta p\u00ebr asistenc\u00eb personale. N\u00eb vitin 1991 ndodhi kriza ekonomike ku si pasoj\u00eb pati shkurtime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha buxhetore dhe rritje t\u00eb taksave. Shum\u00eb humben vendet e tyre t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe shteti u p\u00ebrball me nj\u00eb deficit t\u00eb madh buxhetor.<\/span><\/p>\n Politikat e mir\u00ebqenies t\u00eb aplikuara n\u00eb Suedi, zakonisht quhen \u201dpolitika t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme\u201d, q\u00eb d.m.th. p\u00ebrfitimet sociale dhe ekonomike duhet t\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb popullat\u00ebn. Ky model \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb i etabluar si n\u00eb mesin e qytetar\u00ebve po ashtu edhe t\u00eb politikan\u00ebve. Ekziston edhe nj\u00eb form\u00eb selektive e politikave t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies t\u00eb cilat aplikohen kryesisht n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. Kjo form\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e kund\u00ebrta e politikave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pakic\u00eb e qytetar\u00ebve g\u00ebzojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet e politikave sociale dhe atyre t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies.<\/span><\/p>\n Karakteristikat themelore t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme:<\/span><\/p>\n Politikat aktuale t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies<\/span><\/p>\n Politikat aktuale t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb pushtet, jan\u00eb t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb siguris\u00eb ekonomike p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb individ\u00ebt. Vlerat themelore si\u00e7 jan\u00eb: solidariteti, barazia dhe drejt\u00ebsia jan\u00eb elementet kryesore n\u00eb politik\u00ebn suedeze. Sh\u00ebrbimet sociale, t\u00eb tilla si kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, arsimi dhe kujdesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit \u00ebsht\u00eb i barabart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Parimet themelore t\u00eb politikave aktuale t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies p\u00ebrmenden detajisht n\u00eb programin e Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate \u201dPolitika e jon\u00eb A-Zh\u201d (V\u00e5r politik A-\u00d6):<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr ta kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb modelin suedez, se a ngjan m\u00eb shum\u00eb me ideologjin\u00eb socialiste apo ka evoluar n\u00eb at\u00eb neoliberale, nevojitet edhe njohja e \u201dTipit ideal\u201d (Ideal types) apo analiz\u00eb t\u00eb ideologjive. Analiza e ideologjive lidhet kryesisht me sociologun e famsh\u00ebm Max Weber. Pasi q\u00eb modeli suedez \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen, nevojitet t\u00eb krahasohet me llojet tjera t\u00eb modeleve t\u00eb qeverisjes, arsyet dhe shkaqet pse modeli suedez funksionon kaq mir\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa modelet tjera jo. Me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb tabele do t\u00eb mundohem t\u00b4i b\u00ebj\u00eb disa krahasime t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve kryesore t\u00eb ideologjis\u00eb socialiste dhe asaj neoliberale:<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb aspektin e barazis\u00eb, programi aktual i Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate identifikohet m\u00eb shum\u00eb me ideologjin\u00eb neoliberale, ku thuhet qart\u00eb se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00ebjte p\u00ebr t\u00eb form\u00ebsuar jet\u00ebn e tyre individuale dhe t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n Aspekti i solidaritetit ende mbetet me karakter socialist, ku shoq\u00ebria m\u00eb s\u00eb miri nd\u00ebrtohet p\u00ebrmes bashk\u00ebpunimit, respektit dhe konsiderat\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Sa i p\u00ebrket aspektit t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, n\u00eb programin aktual jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime me programet klasike socialdemokrate. Tanim\u00eb shihet qart\u00eb q\u00eb ekonomia lidhet nga disa nuanca m\u00eb shum\u00eb me ekonomin\u00eb e tregut. N\u00eb programin aktual thuhet q\u00eb tregu ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb efikasitet m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb prodhimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar resurse t\u00eb bollshme p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenien dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb e politikave neoliberale.<\/span><\/p>\n Me nuanca liberale karakterizohen edhe aspektet tradicionale t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, arsimit dhe kujdesit p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit. Sipas politikave aktuale, me kusht q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb baz\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb zgjidhje, \u00e7dokush duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur n\u00eb mes t\u00eb formave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kujdesit, shkollimit dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve sociale.<\/span><\/p>\n Si p\u00ebrmbledhje, socialdemokracia suedeze ka p\u00ebsuar ndryshime substanciale nga ideologjia e saj tradicionale. Tanim\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb idet\u00eb individualiste q\u00eb jan\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb e nj\u00eb af\u00ebrsie m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe e tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Kjo ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb socialdemokrat\u00ebt kan\u00eb ndryshuar qasje ndaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, edhe pse \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt normale q\u00eb idet\u00eb socialiste t\u00eb jen\u00eb aktuale.<\/span><\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" I kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb reputacion Suedis\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, por tani ky model po fillon t\u00eb marr\u00eb karakteristika liberale. Socialdemokracia si ideologji buron nga socializmi i cili u shfaq p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XVIII n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb industriale t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar. N\u00eb fillim socializmi \u00ebsht\u00eb karakterizuar vet\u00ebm si ide filozofike deri […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":522,"featured_media":11126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1659,1660],"ppma_author":[1582],"class_list":["post-3046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-socialdemokracia","tag-suedia"],"authors":[{"term_id":1582,"user_id":522,"is_guest":0,"slug":"arben-vojvoda","display_name":"Arben Vojvoda","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/arben-vojvoda-e1730218548954.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/arben-vojvoda-e1730218548954.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Vojvoda","first_name":"Arben","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/522"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3046"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3046\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11128,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3046\/revisions\/11128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3046"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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