{"id":3268,"date":"2016-08-20T14:44:33","date_gmt":"2016-08-20T12:44:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3268"},"modified":"2025-01-15T14:47:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T12:47:33","slug":"dy-fryme-te-lirise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/dy-fryme-te-lirise\/","title":{"rendered":"Dy frym\u00eb t\u00eb liris\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bota do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzonte m\u00eb mir\u00eb guximin e Christopher Hitchens-it dhe toleranc\u00ebn e Isaia Berlin-it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas vdekjes s\u00eb Isaia Berlin-it, Christopher Hitchens-i kishte nisur me sulme ndaj tij n\u00eb London Review of Books (Revist\u00ebn e librave t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs). Filozofi i famsh\u00ebm liberal, argumentonte polemisti i famsh\u00ebm, kishte qen\u00eb frikacak, i dob\u00ebt, jokonsistent, apologjet i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Vietnamit, servil i t\u00eb pushtetshm\u00ebve. Berlin, shkruante Hitchens, ka qen\u00eb \u201cpompoz dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb i pandersh\u00ebm p\u00ebrball\u00eb nj\u00eb krize t\u00eb gjat\u00eb morale, ku pik\u00ebpamjet dhe lidhjet e tij mund t\u00eb kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime.\u201d Dhe Hitchens-i kishte kritikuar me keqardhje faktin se reputacioni i Berlin-it q\u00ebndronte \u201csi luan q\u00eb t\u00eb del p\u00ebrpara\u201d n\u00ebse \u201ce ngacmon konsensusin e vet\u00ebk\u00ebnaqur \u2018liberal\u2019 t\u00eb dit\u00ebve t\u00eb sotme.\u201d<\/p>\n

Eseja m\u00eb e famshme e Berlin-it \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cDy koncepte te liris\u00eb\u201d, por m\u00eb duket se Hitchens-i dhe Berlin-i kan\u00eb personifikuar dy frym\u00eb t\u00eb liris\u00eb. Dallimi mes k\u00ebtyre dy frym\u00ebve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb filozofik, si ai mes dy koncepteve. P\u00ebrkundrazi, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e temperamentit, karakterit, zakoneve t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs. Th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb thjesht, Hitchens-i ishte shembull i guximit, Berlin-i i toleranc\u00ebs. Hitchens-i ishte i z\u00ebsh\u00ebm, i ashp\u00ebr, asnj\u00ebher\u00eb pa frik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb fyer, i pafrenuesh\u00ebm (n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb linte p\u00ebrshtypje) nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet me vdekje nga islamist\u00ebt. Ai gjithashtu ishte pothuajse n\u00eb \u00e7do rast i gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb pranonte gabimet q\u00eb b\u00ebnte, duke ndryshuar q\u00ebndrim n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur, me po t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vrull, \u00e7far\u00ebdo qoft\u00eb q\u00ebndrimi t\u00eb vetin kund\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00ebs q\u00eb zgjidhte t\u00eb merrte n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar. Por ai ishte i guximsh\u00ebm, dhe krejt\u00ebsisht konsistent n\u00eb mbrojtjen e liris\u00eb s\u00eb shprehjes.<\/p>\n

Berlin-i nuk shquhej p\u00ebr guximin e tij. Kjo ishte nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kishte luftuar. N\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb miku t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb, t\u00eb shkruar at\u00ebher\u00eb kur kishte arritur mosh\u00ebn e mesme t\u00eb nj\u00eb njeriu shum\u00eb t\u00eb respektuar, kishe shkruar: \u201cUroj q\u00eb t\u00eb mos e kisha trash\u00ebguar natyr\u00ebn e ndrojtur e llafazane t\u00eb babit tim! Un\u00eb mund t\u00eb jem i guximsh\u00ebm, por oh \u00e7far\u00eb mbinjeriu tmerrues lufton me frikacak\u00eb!\u201d Dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb ese kushtuar Turgenev-it t\u00eb tij t\u00eb dashur, ai evokon \u201ctufa njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, n\u00eb m\u00ebdyshje, vet\u00ebkritik\u00eb, jo \u00e7doher\u00eb aq t\u00eb guximsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt z\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb pozicion diku n\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs, dhe q\u00eb neveriten moralisht si nga fytyra t\u00eb ashpra n\u00eb t\u00eb djatht\u00eb t\u00eb tyre, ashtu edhe nga histeria dhe dhuna e demagogjia e pamend n\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb t\u00eb tyre…\u201d<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb Berlin-i ishte nj\u00eb nga mbrojt\u00ebsit m\u00eb elokuent\u00eb e konsistent\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb liberalizmi i cili krijon dhe mbron hap\u00ebsirat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb p\u00ebrqafojn\u00eb vlera t\u00eb ndryshme, kan\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb papajtueshme, ndjekin projekte t\u00eb papajtueshme politike, \u2013 me pak fjal\u00eb, Hitchens-\u00ebt dhe anti-Hitchens\u00ebt, \u2013 mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrplasen n\u00eb liri, pa dhun\u00eb. Berlin-i personifikonte jo thjesht toleranc\u00ebn, por edhe nj\u00eb dhunti t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashk\u00ebndjer\u00eb, at\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb brenda kokave dhe zemrave shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb shenj\u00eb dalluese e imagjinat\u00ebs liberale.<\/p>\n

Lypset nj\u00ebfar\u00eb q\u00ebndrimi
\ni pathyesh\u00ebm, i qet\u00eb
\nq\u00eb ta ruash pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb
\nintelektuale kur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb
\nrreth teje b\u00ebhen t\u00eb nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb fjalim t\u00eb mbajtur m\u00eb 1944 duke shpjeguar se \u00e7far\u00eb po luftonin Shtetet e Bashkuara n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, para nj\u00eb audienc\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb qytetar\u00eb amerikan\u00eb s\u00eb fundmi, gjykat\u00ebsi Learned Hand kishte deklaruar: \u201c\u00c7far\u00eb, pra, \u00ebsht\u00eb fryma e liris\u00eb? Nuk mund ta p\u00ebrkufizoj; vet\u00ebm mund t\u2019ju them besimin tim. Fryma e liris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fryma e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e sigurt se ka t\u00eb e drejt\u00eb; fryma e liris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fryma q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb mendjet e burrave dhe grave t\u00eb tjera; fryma e liris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fryma q\u00eb peshon interesat e tyre krahas t\u00eb vetave, pa anime. \u201dKush mund t\u00eb v\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim se Berlin-i ishte i mbushur me at\u00eb frym\u00eb t\u00eb liris\u00eb? Por edhe Hitchens-i ishte i mbushur me frym\u00ebn e liris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse priren t\u00eb ken\u00eb mosbesim, madje p\u00ebrbuzje ndaj nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs, t\u00eb dyja k\u00ebto frym\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb domosdoshme. Secila ka t\u00eb metat e saj karakteristike. Nj\u00eb bot\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga Hitchens-\u00ebt do t\u00eb prirej kah jotoleranca. Ajo do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrplasje e p\u00ebrhershme, ndon\u00ebse shpesh zbavit\u00ebse, britmash. Bot\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk do t\u00eb kishte as koh\u00eb e as hap\u00ebsir\u00eb ??p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar, \u2013 n\u00eb kuptimin m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin studim t\u00eb thell\u00eb, reflektim t\u00eb qet\u00eb, dhe simpati p\u00ebrfytyruese, \u2013 nga vjen personi tjet\u00ebr. Nj\u00eb bot\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga Berlin-\u00ebt do t\u00eb prirej kah relativizmi dhe toleranca e tepruar ndaj armiqve t\u00eb p\u00ebrbetuar t\u00eb toleranc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ebn\u00eb thjesht, ky tension nuk fillon me k\u00ebta dy autor\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb. Kah fundi i jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, mendimtari liberal gjermano-britanik Ralf Dahrendorf kishte shkruar nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr rreth nj\u00eb linje intelektual\u00ebsh politik\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i kishte quajtur erasmian\u00eb, n\u00eb mesin e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Isaia Berlin-in. Dhe argumenti mes k\u00ebtyre dy frym\u00ebve t\u00eb liris\u00eb ve\u00e7se po ndodhte n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet, n\u00eb shekullin e 16-t\u00eb, mes Erasmus-it t\u00eb Roterdam-it dhe Martin Luther-it. Erasmus-i, dijetari m\u00eb i famsh\u00ebm i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb vet, kishte p\u00ebrgatitur rrug\u00ebn e Reformimit. Aq i af\u00ebrt ishte afiniteti i tij intelektual me Luther-in n\u00eb vitet e m\u00ebhershme sa q\u00eb qarkullonte shakaja aut Erasmus Lutherat, aut Erasmissat Lutherus,\u00a0\u2014 tani Erasmus-i lutheron, tani Luther-i erasmuson. Por, kur Luther-i e arriti ndarjen nga Kisha e Rom\u00ebs, Erasmus-i nuk do ta ndiqte at\u00eb. Burrat e vullnetit t\u00eb mir\u00eb, k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulte ai, duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb civilizuar dhe me arsye, brenda organeve kishtare. N\u00eb komentin e tij lidhur me th\u00ebnien e urt\u00eb latine \u201cSa njer\u00ebz, po aq mendime\u201d (Quot homines, tot sententiae) ai ia atribuon Sh\u00ebn Palit mendimin se: \u201cp\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00ebnjan\u00eb grindjet, duhet t\u2019ia lejojm\u00eb secilit njeri q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb bindjet e veta.\u201d (Kjo ishte, dikush mund t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb, ixhtihad aventuresk i Sh\u00ebn Palit). M\u00eb 1517, viti kur Luther-i kishte gozhduar tezat e tij protestante n\u00eb nj\u00eb der\u00eb kishe, Erasmus-i kishte shkruar nj\u00eb ese me titull \u201cAnkesa e Paqes\u201d, ku vajtonte \u201cluft\u00ebtar\u00ebt e fjal\u00ebve\u201d t\u00eb cil\u00ebt \u201csulmojn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin me lapsa me helm, q\u00eb grisin nj\u00ebri-tjetrin me togfjal\u00ebsha t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb satire dhe hedhin shigjeta vdekjeprur\u00ebse insinuatash.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dahrendorf-i kujton nj\u00eb sken\u00eb kur i s\u00ebmuri 35-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr vdekje Ulrich von Hutten, reformator i cili n\u00eb disa m\u00ebnyra ishte edhe m\u00eb i guximsh\u00ebm se Luther-i, faktikisht kishte trokitur n\u00eb der\u00ebn e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Erasmus-it n\u00eb Basel p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00eb, \u201cpor Erasmus-i, edhe vet i s\u00ebmur\u00eb dhe i frik\u00ebsuar si nga infeksioni fizik ashtu edhe ai shpirt\u00ebror nuk e kishte pranuar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tij. I t\u00ebr\u00eb Baseli e kishte par\u00eb…\u201d Hutten-it i kishte mbetur pak forc\u00eb, por mjaftuesh\u00ebm q\u00eb ta hidhte me stilolaps n\u00eb let\u00ebr nj\u00eb Expostulation With Erasmus (Bindje kund\u00ebrshtuese me Erasmusin), p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qortim thumbues: \u201cLibrave tuaj do t\u2019u duhet t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb mes tyre.\u201d P\u00ebr disa vite, Erasmus-i i kishte rezistuar presionit t\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve t\u00eb kish\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballej me reformator\u00ebt dhe kur m\u00eb n\u00eb fund e kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, e kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb dialogu t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin kishte kund\u00ebrshtuar pik\u00ebpamjet e Luther-it mbi vullnetin e lir\u00eb. Thumbi i Hutten-it ishte nj\u00eb version i hersh\u00ebm i talljes s\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb sipas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs liberal \u00ebsht\u00eb dikush q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb an\u00ebn e vet n\u00eb nj\u00eb diskutim. Kjo lidhet me nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb t\u00eb shpesht\u00eb ndaj liberalizmit si i zbeht\u00eb, pa gjak, sh\u00ebndetlig, i paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u2019i dal\u00eb zot vetes n\u00eb nj\u00eb grindje.<\/p>\n

Njer\u00ebzit mund t\u2019i ken\u00eb k\u00ebto dy cil\u00ebsi n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. Vet\u00eb Dahrendorf-i kishte qen\u00eb erasmian n\u00eb pleq\u00ebri, por si nx\u00ebn\u00ebs 15-vje\u00e7ar n\u00eb Berlinin nazist kishte formuar nj\u00eb grup rezistence dhe ishte burgosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb kamp t\u00eb Gestapos\u00eb. Ekziston guximi i rinis\u00eb dhe toleranca e lindur nga p\u00ebrvoja. P\u00ebrzierja e tyre te cilido person asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e thjesht\u00eb. Hitchens-i mund t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb jotolerant, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7muese e p\u00ebrbuz\u00ebse, n\u00eb shtyp dhe n\u00eb sken\u00ebn publike, por privatisht kishte nj\u00eb dhunti q\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohej mir\u00eb me nj\u00eb gam\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb njer\u00ebzish. Nj\u00eb nga shprehjet e tij figurative retorike, karakteristike e vetja, po shpesh leht\u00ebsisht irrituese p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb u thuhej, ishte t\u00eb thoshte: \u201cX \u00ebsht\u00eb mik i imi, por…\u201d, pasuar me nj\u00eb sulm shp\u00ebrthyes ndaj di\u00e7kaje t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb ose shkruar nga X.<\/p>\n

Erasmian\u00ebt gjithashtu kan\u00eb mark\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb guximit, ose, mbase m\u00eb sakt\u00eb, t\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb pathyesh\u00ebm. Lipset nj\u00ebfar\u00eb q\u00ebndrimi i pathyesh\u00ebm i qet\u00eb q\u00eb ta ruash pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb intelektuale kur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rreth teje b\u00ebhen t\u00eb nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm. \u201cN\u00eb asnj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr nuk e p\u00ebrg\u00ebzoj veten m\u00eb shum\u00eb,\u201d \u2013 kishte shkruar Erasmus-i kah fundi i jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij,\u2013 \u201cse sa p\u00ebr faktin q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk jam kapur pas ndonj\u00eb partie.\u201d Lipset k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulje e fort\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdosh t\u00eb mbrosh me qet\u00ebsi nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim t\u00eb pavarur liberal \u2013 t\u00eb balancuar, t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, me respekt ndaj nd\u00ebrlikueshm\u00ebris\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr me synimin q\u00eb t\u00eb arrish tek e v\u00ebrteta sesa t\u00eb jesh arg\u00ebtues \u2013 n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur ajo q\u00eb Jacob Burckhardt-i e kishte quajtur terribles simplificateurs po korr\u00eb entuziazmin e t\u00eb rinjve dhe emocionet e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

\u201cPra, duhet t\u00eb peshojm\u00eb dhe t\u00eb matemi, t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb ujdi, kompromise, dhe t\u00eb parandalojm\u00eb shtypjen e nj\u00eb forme t\u00eb jet\u00ebs nga rival\u00ebt e saj\u201d, \u2013 kishte shkruar Berlin-i tri vjet para se t\u00eb vdiste n\u00eb nj\u00eb tekst\u00a0i cili m\u00eb pas ishte botuar nga The\u00a0New York Review of Books (Revist\u00ebn e librave t\u00eb Njujorkut) si \u201cmesazh shekullit t\u00eb 21-t\u00eb.\u201d \u201cE di shum\u00eb mir\u00eb se ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb flamur n\u00ebn t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb marshonin t\u00eb rinj dhe gra idealiste dhe entuziaste \u2013 duket shum\u00eb e urt\u00eb, shum\u00eb e arsyeshme, shum\u00eb borgjeze, nuk p\u00ebrfshin emocione bujare. Por, duhet t\u00eb m\u00eb besoni, nuk mund t\u00eb keni \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshironi; jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, por edhe n\u00eb teori.\u201d<\/p>\n

Raymond Aron ishte nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr erasmian i till\u00eb, dhe or\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb shembull i p\u00ebrsosur i k\u00ebtij virtyti m\u00eb t\u00eb ftoh\u00eb. I bindur se miku i tij Bertrand de Jouvenel ishte parodizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr nga nj\u00eb historian izraelit, Aron kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord t\u00eb d\u00ebshmonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb shpifjes t\u00eb iniciuar nga De Jouvenel kund\u00ebr autorit dhe botuesit. Duke theksuar n\u00eb gjykat\u00eb se De Jouvenel kishte qen\u00eb i gabuar n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e tij fillestar rreth Hitlerit, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb Aron \u201cmenj\u00ebher\u00eb kishte par\u00eb djallin te Hitleri\u201d, \u2013 dhe si\u00e7 e dinte audienca e tij, kishte shkuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbyer qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Charles de Gaulle-it n\u00eb m\u00ebrgim, n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, \u2013 ai megjithat\u00eb kishte kritikuar me keqardhje librin si ahistorik: \u201cAutori asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk i ka v\u00ebn\u00eb gj\u00ebrat n\u00eb kontekst. P\u00ebrkufizimi q\u00eb ai jep p\u00ebr fashizmin \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i vagullt dhe i pasakt\u00eb se q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte \u00e7far\u00ebdo gj\u00ebje.\u201d Prandaj ai p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte \u201cllojin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq t\u00eb shpifjes, \u2013 rezultat i nj\u00eb procedure q\u00eb e shoh me keqardhje dhe e d\u00ebnoj,\u2013 faj t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb asociim.\u201d<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb i till\u00eb q\u00eb deri m\u00eb tani kishte ngritur z\u00ebrin p\u00ebr qart\u00ebsi intelektuale, t\u00eb kuptuarit historik dhe drejt\u00ebsi elementare, filozofi i moshuar e i brisht\u00eb ishte larguar nga dhoma e gjyqit dhe kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb, ku kishte p\u00ebsuar sulm masiv n\u00eb zem\u00ebr dhe kishte vdekur. N\u00eb momentin para ikjes, Aron i kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb gazetarit Mark Ullman: \u201cJe crois avoir dit l\u2019essentiel.\u201d (E cila p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht p\u00ebrkthehet si: \u201cBesoj se kam th\u00ebn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb besoj se ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb thuhej.\u201d) \u00c7far\u00eb vdekje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kishte p\u00ebr nj\u00eb erasmian?<\/p>\n

Ndodh mjaft rrall\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto dy frym\u00eb t\u00eb liris\u00eb, me cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb dallueshme t\u00eb guximit dhe t\u00eb toleranc\u00ebs, kombinohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb individ. Rasti ku i kam par\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto afrohen m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti ka qen\u00eb Vaclav Havel-i, nj\u00eb disident trim, n\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e bashk\u00ebatdhetarit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 14-t\u00eb Jan Hus. Ai e ka d\u00ebshmuar k\u00ebt\u00eb guxim gjat\u00eb kat\u00ebr viteve burgim dhe arrestimeve t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb m\u00ebpastajme. Solidariteti i tij me disident\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs ishte i pal\u00ebkundur. Nj\u00eb nga veprimet e tij t\u00eb fundit publike, kur ishte shum\u00eb i s\u00ebmur\u00eb, ishte q\u00ebndrimi i tij p\u00ebrball\u00eb ambasad\u00ebs kineze n\u00eb Prag\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb protestuar kund\u00ebr burgosjes s\u00eb Liu Xiaobos, \u2013 akt ky i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm e jodiplomatik p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ish president. Megjithat\u00eb, Havel-i ishte gjithashtu mish\u00ebrim i toleranc\u00ebs erasmiane, jo vet\u00ebm i sjellsh\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshtonte, por p\u00ebrnj\u00ebmend i hapur ndaj nj\u00eb game t\u00eb gjer\u00eb filozofish dhe m\u00ebnyrash t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs, m\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb d\u00ebgjohen dhe shihen. Megjithat\u00eb, zakonisht t\u00eb dy frym\u00ebt e liris\u00eb gjenden t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pabarabart\u00eb te individ\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm: nj\u00ebri m\u00eb lutheran, tjetri m\u00eb erasmian. Liria ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyja.<\/p>\n

U mbetet t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve t\u00eb thon\u00eb n\u00ebse mund t\u00eb identifikojm\u00eb nj\u00eb dikotomi t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb kulturat dhe traditat joper\u00ebndimore. P\u00ebrshtypja ime sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore nga vendet q\u00eb i njoh shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak, si Kina, Mianmari dhe Egjipti, \u00ebsht\u00eb se mund ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. N\u00eb udh\u00ebtimet e mia kam takuar njer\u00ebz thell\u00ebsisht t\u00eb admiruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb cil\u00ebt m\u00eb duket se mish\u00ebrojn\u00eb secil\u00ebn prej k\u00ebtyre dy frym\u00ebve t\u00eb liris\u00eb. Dhe a ka qen\u00eb mbase Gandh-i, ashtu si Havel-i, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim q\u00eb v\u00ebrteton rregullin, i cili b\u00ebn bashk\u00eb guximin dhe toleranc\u00ebn? Ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e sigurt \u00ebsht\u00eb se ata q\u00eb ngren\u00eb z\u00ebrin p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebn e lir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende, kund\u00ebr ortodoksis\u00eb s\u00eb armatosur dhe p\u00ebrbuz\u00ebse t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, marrin vendime m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira dhe p\u00ebrballen me pasoja m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira se shumica prej nesh n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim q\u00eb do t\u00eb marrim ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Timothy Garton Ash \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0studiues i asocuar n\u00eb Kolegjin St. Antony, n\u00eb Oksford, dhe studiues i lart\u00eb i asocuar n\u00eb Institucionin Hoover. Kjo ese \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur me leje t\u00eb autorit nga libri i tij i ri Free Speech: Ten Principles for a Connected World (Liria e shprehjes: dhjet\u00eb parime p\u00ebr nj\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur) (Yale University Press).<\/em><\/p>\n

Artikulli origjinal<\/a><\/p>\n

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Bota do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzonte m\u00eb mir\u00eb guximin e Christopher Hitchens-it dhe toleranc\u00ebn e Isaia Berlin-it. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas vdekjes s\u00eb Isaia Berlin-it, Christopher Hitchens-i kishte nisur me sulme ndaj tij n\u00eb London Review of Books (Revist\u00ebn e librave t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs). Filozofi i famsh\u00ebm liberal, argumentonte polemisti i famsh\u00ebm, kishte qen\u00eb frikacak, i […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":105,"featured_media":12049,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2323,1986,1635],"ppma_author":[124],"class_list":["post-3268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-christopher-hitchens","tag-isaiah-berlin","tag-liria"],"authors":[{"term_id":124,"user_id":105,"is_guest":0,"slug":"timothygarton-ash","display_name":"Timothy Garton Ash","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-5-5.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-5-5.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Ash","first_name":"Timothy Garton","description":"Timothy Garton Ash \u00ebsht\u00eb historian, autor dhe komentues britanik. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb profesor i Studimeve Evropiane n\u00eb Universitetin e Oksfordit. Puna e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb historin\u00eb moderne dhe kontemporane t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore dhe Lindore. "}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/105"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3268"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12050,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3268\/revisions\/12050"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}