{"id":3528,"date":"2017-12-19T15:28:08","date_gmt":"2017-12-19T13:28:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3528"},"modified":"2025-01-10T15:38:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T13:38:22","slug":"cfare-shtremberojne-librat-e-historise-ne-ballkan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/cfare-shtremberojne-librat-e-historise-ne-ballkan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7far\u00eb shtremb\u00ebrojn\u00eb librat e historis\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

Historia gjithnj\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton t\u00eb shkuar\u00ebn. Por q\u00eb t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb qart\u00eb, para se t\u2019i hyjm\u00eb ndonj\u00eb debati p\u00ebr t\u00eb, duhet sqaruar se n\u00eb cilin kuptim e p\u00ebrdorim fjal\u00ebn histori. At\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorim thuajse \u00e7do dit\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs kur duam t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb di\u00e7ka, kur duam t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e nj\u00eb filmi apo libri, etj. Pra historia nuk lidhet vet\u00ebm me t\u00eb shkuar\u00ebn si t\u00eb till\u00eb, por n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, e mbi t\u00eb gjitha, me\u00a0ecurin\u00eb, zhvillimin dhe rrjedh\u00ebn e ngjarjeve<\/em>\u00a0 individuale, t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi shoq\u00ebror, t\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtese apo rruge, t\u00eb nj\u00eb mendimi apo koncepti.<\/p>\n

Prej k\u00ebsaj rrjedh nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, pra q\u00eb\u00a0historia \u00ebsht\u00eb proces.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr histori popujsh, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala n\u00eb rastin konkret p\u00ebr popujt e Ballkanit, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb\u00a0popujt<\/em>\u00a0 si kategori\u00a0kolektive<\/em>. Nd\u00ebrsa diskutimi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sigurisht i gjat\u00eb dhe shpesh her\u00eb i nxeht\u00eb, e sigurt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb popujt p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga\u00a0individ\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0 dhe nga\u00a0grupe t\u00eb ndryshme shoq\u00ebrore, kulturore e politike<\/em>.\u00a0Shum\u00eb individ\u00eb dhe grupe kan\u00eb nga nj\u00eb histori p\u00ebr \u00e7do marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb krijuar, kjo jo vet\u00ebm brenda kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb mbivendosur nga studiuesit si\u00a0popull<\/em>, por edhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb gjer\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Ballkan kemi nj\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar t\u00eb pasur migrimi dhe emigrimi, t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm ose sezonal, brenda viseve t\u00eb Ballkanit, por edhe jasht\u00eb tij, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shum\u00eb pak flitet n\u00eb tekstet e historive zyrtare t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb Ballkanit, por q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb indikacion i faktit q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimi\u00a0popull\u00a0na paraqitet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb padrejt\u00eb si nj\u00eb substrat statik q\u00eb evoluon vet\u00ebm brenda vetvetes por q\u00eb thelbin kulturor nuk e ndryshon. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb nga problemet ky\u00e7e q\u00eb kan\u00eb versionet zyrtare t\u00eb historive n\u00eb vendet e Ballkanit, p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb paraqesin nj\u00eb histori me thelb t\u00eb pandryshuesh\u00ebm, pra nj\u00eb histori\u00a0ahistorike.<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi i dyt\u00eb q\u00eb rrjedh nga kuptimi i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb historive individuale si dhe t\u00eb grupeve, q\u00eb i presin p\u00ebrmes kufinjt\u00eb etnik\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u00a0nuk ka\u00a0vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar<\/em>,\u00a0por ka\u00a0pluritet t\u00eb kaluarash<\/em>\u00a0 n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb dinamikave t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre grupeve, e p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb\u00a0vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb histori<\/em>,\u00a0\u00a0por nj\u00eb pluritet historish<\/em>\u00a0 gjithnj\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Vendet e Ballkanit q\u00eb sot jan\u00eb shtete t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, kan\u00eb jetuar p\u00ebrreth 1000 vjet n\u00ebn Perandorin\u00eb Bizantine, q\u00eb mbetej n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre frym\u00ebzuesi i legjislacionit dhe i kultur\u00ebs edhe p\u00ebr perandorit\u00eb maqedone e serbe m\u00eb von\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr 400 \u2013 500 vjet t\u00eb tjera kan\u00eb qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb v\u00ebnia e kufinjve etnik\u00eb n\u00eb tregimin dhe shkrimin e historis\u00eb, si dhe unifikimi n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb pluralitetit t\u00eb historive mbi vende t\u00eb caktuara, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces krejt politik, etnocentrik, e p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb krejt p\u00ebrzgjedh\u00ebs, ku synim nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat historike, por p\u00ebrdorimi i fakteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhura historike p\u00ebr t\u00eb legjitimuar: a. Pron\u00ebsin\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb territor (n\u00ebn termin \u201ct\u00eb drejtat historike\u201d t\u00eb popullit serb mbi Kosov\u00ebn, \u201ct\u00eb drejtat historike\u201d t\u00eb popullit shqiptar mbi trojet etnike t\u00eb tyre, \u201ct\u00eb drejtat historike t\u00eb popullit grek\u201d mbi territor\u00ebt e ish-Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine, etj.) b. Duke mohuar ose minimalizuar\u00a0 rolin e migrimeve, tregtis\u00eb, martesave apo shp\u00ebrnguljeve n\u00eb ndryshimin e p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes etnike, vetvetiu minoritetet jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohen n\u00eb narracionin e historis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb populli t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb Ballkan, edhe pse jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat shtete me t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb barabarta, por madje nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb armiq\u00ebsie krijohet p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre teksteve ndaj tyre, si di\u00e7ka e huaj n\u00eb truallin etnik, apo si ‘popullata q\u00eb sigurisht nuk g\u00ebzojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejta historike territoriale n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb’.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb shkrimi etnocentrik i historis\u00eb \u2013\u00a0dhe jo historia n\u00eb vetvete<\/em>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0me ngjyrime t\u00eb forta\u00a0shoviniste<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Ballkan, \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb arm\u00ebn kryesore legjitimuese t\u00eb politikave t\u00eb genocidit dhe spastrimit etnik. N\u00eb vende q\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb kryer di\u00e7ka t\u00eb till\u00eb ajo gjithsesi \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb faktor kryesor t\u00eb homogjenizimit kulturor, si dhe t\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenje armiq\u00ebsie thuajse t\u00eb pakompromist\u00eb ndaj vendeve fqinje.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr problem i shkrimit t\u00eb deritash\u00ebn t\u00eb historis\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e Ballkanit \u00ebsht\u00eb se ai b\u00ebhet t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb narracioni n\u00eb fund t\u00eb dali tep\u00ebr viktimizues. Thuajse n\u00eb \u00e7do vend t\u00eb Ballkanit f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e shkollave t\u00eb mesme jan\u00eb t\u00eb bindur se populli i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb popull hero, q\u00eb i ka mbijetuar sulmeve t\u00eb jashtme n\u00eb shekuj, kur armiqt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj grabitqar\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb fqinj\u00ebt. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb n\u00eb disa sondazhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e Ballkanit me nx\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj moshe, rezultatet kan\u00eb qen\u00eb alarmuese \u2013 fqinj\u00ebt jan\u00eb armiq t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm, minoritetet jan\u00eb armiqt\u00eb e brendsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb nevoj\u00eb e urgjente e vendeve t\u00eb Ballkanit q\u00eb t\u00eb rikonsiderojn\u00eb metodologjin\u00eb e pun\u00ebs kur shkruajn\u00eb tekste historike. K\u00ebtu duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dallim, mes historis\u00eb si k\u00ebrkim shkencor, dhe teksteve m\u00ebsimore t\u00eb historis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkimi shkencor n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e historis\u00eb duhet m\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb lihet i lir\u00eb nga \u00e7do presion politik dhe ideologjik i imponuar. Sigurisht q\u00eb edhe vet\u00eb historian\u00ebt jan\u00eb njer\u00ebz me subjektivitet t\u00eb caktuar, t\u00eb cilin duhet ta kontrollojn\u00eb, por m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb presion p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar \u201cnj\u00eb version zyrtar t\u00eb historis\u00eb\u201d. N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201czyrtar\u201d, nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb profesional, dhe anasjelltas.<\/p>\n

Shkrimi i teksteve t\u00eb historis\u00eb p\u00ebr arsimin parauniversitar \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr proces. Ai duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb bashk\u00eb tregimin e historive t\u00eb caktuara, me q\u00ebllimet didaktike t\u00eb edukimit t\u00eb qytetarit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb evitohet krijimi i nj\u00eb qytetari t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm etnocentrik, me prirje shoviniste, qe tek tjetri i ndrysh\u00ebm sheh vet\u00ebm negativitet, tekstet e historis\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan, t\u00eb manipuluara prej politik\u00ebs, duhet t\u00eb \u00e7lirohen po prej politik\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb historian mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i pavarur kur boton nj\u00eb studim historik, mund t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb debat t\u00eb hapur me cilindo historian koleg, p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb argumentoj\u00eb tezat e tij. Por nj\u00eb historian nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb shum\u00eb personalisht n\u00ebse politikat shtet\u00ebrore i k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb atij t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb tekstin shkollor n\u00eb nj\u00eb varjant t\u00eb caktuar. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, n\u00ebse shtetet ballkanike jan\u00eb t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb n\u00eb q\u00ebllimin e tyre p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb qytetari q\u00eb respekton larmin\u00eb kulturore, dhe tolerant ndaj t\u00eb ndryshmes, misintrit\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb arsimit duhet t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb dialog p\u00ebr shkrimin e teksteve t\u00eb historis\u00eb. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn trajtimi i periudh\u00ebs son\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt historike, e gjith\u00eb periudha bizantine dhe osmane, k\u00ebrkon komunikim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm mes autor\u00ebve t\u00eb teksteve. Por edhe periudhat e konflikteve t\u00eb m\u00ebvon\u00ebshme komb\u00ebtare duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje negocimi, sigurisht n\u00ebse synimet e sip\u00ebrshtruara jan\u00eb t\u00eb sinqerta. Por hapi i par\u00eb gjithsesi mbetet \u00e7lirimi i k\u00ebrkimit shkencor n\u00eb l\u00ebmin e historis\u00eb nga prangat e instrumentalizimit politik dhe ideologjik.<\/p>\n

_______________<\/p>\n

Autorja \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebruese n\u00eb Institutin e Antropologjis\u00eb Kulturore dhe Studimit t\u00eb Artit<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Historia gjithnj\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton t\u00eb shkuar\u00ebn. Por q\u00eb t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb qart\u00eb, para se t\u2019i hyjm\u00eb ndonj\u00eb debati p\u00ebr t\u00eb, duhet sqaruar se n\u00eb cilin kuptim e p\u00ebrdorim fjal\u00ebn histori. At\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorim thuajse \u00e7do dit\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs kur duam t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb di\u00e7ka, kur duam t\u00eb tregojm\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e nj\u00eb filmi apo libri, etj. Pra […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":607,"featured_media":11937,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1277,1379,1984],"ppma_author":[2295],"class_list":["post-3528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-balkan","tag-historia","tag-librat"],"authors":[{"term_id":2295,"user_id":607,"is_guest":0,"slug":"armanda-hysa","display_name":"Armanda Hysa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f777ef8967dcdb685b45d622a14e0e9ced19f40ce967082964eb4d41b3708133?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Hysa","first_name":"Armanda","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/607"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3528"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11938,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3528\/revisions\/11938"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3528"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}