{"id":3678,"date":"2017-09-14T12:01:37","date_gmt":"2017-09-14T10:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3678"},"modified":"2025-01-15T12:03:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:03:30","slug":"ikja-nga-kosova-shkaqet-demografike-dhe-ekonomike-te-protestes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/ikja-nga-kosova-shkaqet-demografike-dhe-ekonomike-te-protestes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ikja nga Kosova: shkaqet demografike dhe ekonomike t\u00eb protest\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Shkalla e popullsis\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulet nga Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur vazhdimisht q\u00eb nga viti 2008. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb Gallup International (2017) rreth 34% e populllsis\u00eb m\u00eb me d\u00ebshir\u00eb do t\u00eb iknin nga Kosova. D\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur k\u00ebto tri vitet e fundit ka kaluar edhe nivelet kryesisht rekorde t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs\u00a0Sub-Sahariane. Shikuar n\u00eb mesatare, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se \u00e7do rajon tjet\u00ebr si Evropa Lindore apo Amerika Latine.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, debati rreth k\u00ebtij fenomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktuar n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb akuzave ditore politike. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, nj\u00eb nga sfidat kryesore t\u00eb vendit diskutohet kryesisht gjat\u00eb cikleve elektorale. Nj\u00ebra pal\u00eb\u00a0redukton problemin si p\u00ebrpjekje e opozit\u00ebs p\u00ebr ardhje n\u00eb pushtet kurse pala tjet\u00ebr minimizon shkakun tek keq-qeverisja. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb ky fenomen t\u00eb zhvendoset nga konteksti p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar shkaqet dhe instrumentet e adresimit. Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0duke p\u00ebrpjetuar kulmin e presionit demografik t\u00eb\u00a0grup moshave 16-34 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb\u00a0natalitetit t\u00eb\u00a0lart\u00eb\u00a0t\u00eb\u00a0dekadave t\u00eb\u00a0kaluara dhe stagnimit politik dhe ekonomik gjat\u00eb\u00a0p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr shtet-formim.<\/p>\n

Faktor\u00ebt shtyt\u00ebs t\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00ebs p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrngulje<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr kulmin e presionit demografik t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb re 16-34 vje\u00e7. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb struktura e popull\u00ebsis\u00eb m\u00eb e predispozuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur nga vendi.<\/p>\n

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Ky presion demografik parashihet t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb vitin 2021 kur arrihen efektet e r\u00ebnies s\u00eb natalitetit pas luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. N\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb numri i tyre parashihet t\u00eb rritet, shanset e tyre p\u00ebr standard m\u00eb cil\u00ebsor t\u00eb jet\u00ebs do t\u00eb mbesin kryeesisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta. Pjesa d\u00ebrrmuese e tyre do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00eb, jo-aktiv apo jasht\u00eb shkollimit.<\/p>\n

Rreth gjysm\u00eb million njer\u00ebz t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj grup moshe\u00a0do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb jasht\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit dhe shanseve p\u00ebr jet\u00eb. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb gjeneratat q\u00eb vuajn\u00eb pasojat e efekteve t\u00eb izolimit, persekutimit dhe p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr shtet-formim t\u00eb viteve 90-ta dhe administrimit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Shanset e tyre p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara p\u00ebr disa arsye. Mund\u00ebsia e tyre p\u00ebr t\u2019u inkuadruar n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb presion t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr nga gjeneratat pasuese t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve. S\u00eb dyti, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb armat\u00eb e popull\u00ebsis\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb jo-aktiv apo t\u00eb papun\u00eb p\u00ebr shkaqe strukturore \u2013 tregu i pun\u00ebs nuk krijon mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb ul\u00ebt ekonomike apo arsimimi dhe shkatht\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre\u00a0nuk korrespondojn\u00eb me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn n\u00eb treg. Edhe n\u00eb skenarin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb ata do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr me gjeneratat pasuese \u2013 rreth 35,000 t\u00eb inkuadruar n\u00eb treg n\u00eb baza vjetore.<\/p>\n

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Protesta e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb manifestuar n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e tyre kan\u00eb besim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb instiitucionet politike (UNDP, 2016).\u00a0Dy vitet e fundit ajo ka sh\u00ebnuar shenja t\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsimit p\u00ebrmes tentim shp\u00ebrnguljes ilegale nga vendi mir\u00ebpo me pasoja t\u00eb kufizuara n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb \u2018zbehjes s\u00eb imazhit t\u00eb vendit\u2019.\u00a0 Kjo \u2018dritare e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb\u2019 s\u00eb shp\u00ebrnguljes n\u00eb BE ka zbutur shkall\u00ebn e protest\u00ebs. Sidoqoft\u00eb, mbyllja e k\u00ebsaj dritareje kusht\u00ebzon radikalizimin e paknaq\u00ebsis\u00eb ndaj akter\u00ebve t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. Paknaq\u00ebsia e tyre do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb rritet p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb ata jan\u00eb n\u00eb kontakt t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me p\u00ebrvojat e jashtme (diaspora), rritja ekonomike nuk p\u00ebrkthehet n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit si\u00e7 ka ndodhur deri m\u00eb tani, apo t\u00eb krijohen shk\u00ebndija t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs politike.<\/p>\n

Adresimi i problemit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trajtimi i k\u00ebtij fenomeni do t\u00eb jet\u00eb sfidues p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha ngjyrimet politike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Duhet ikur nga p\u00ebrpjekjet e trajtimit t\u00eb fenomenit duke adoptuar qasje policore apo mbyllur kanalet e komunikimit t\u00eb mllefit socio-ekonomik. N\u00eb aspektin e politikave strukturore ekonomike, Kosova duhet t\u00eb insistoj\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore n\u00eb nj\u00eb rajon t\u00eb integruar ekonomikisht n\u00eb Ballkanin Perendimor. Kjo i mund\u00ebson Kosov\u00ebs hapje t\u00eb shtigjeve p\u00ebr konkurrueshm\u00ebri n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt pun\u00eb-intenziv n\u00eb rajon. Shp\u00ebrngulja e kontrolluar n\u00eb tregun evropian t\u00eb\u00a0pun\u00ebs\u00a0duhet t\u00eb orientohet n\u00eb sektor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt BE-s\u00eb pritet t\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mang\u00ebsi (mjek\u00ebsi dhe ICT).<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti duhet reformuar rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht sistemin arsimor p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar defektet e koagulimit t\u00eb kapitalit potencial njer\u00ebzor n\u00eb fusha me k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb tregun lokal, rajonal dhe bot\u00ebror. Subvecionimi i arsimimit t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore\u00a0duhet t\u00eb orientohet n\u00eb studim t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs, teknologjis\u00eb, inxhinieris\u00eb dhe matematik\u00ebs. Resurset e kufizuara n\u00eb arsim duhet t\u00eb \u00e7kapen nga elitat e korruptuara arsimore t\u00eb fushave juridike dhe shkencave shoq\u00ebrore. Rreth 55% e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb shkolla profesionale dhe arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb studiojn\u00eb juridik apo shkenca shoq\u00ebrore –\u00a0 kjo paraqet devijim substancial me p\u00ebrvojat e BE-s\u00eb (KE, 2016).<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti, shkalla e inkuadrimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb tregun lokal kusht\u00ebzohet nga jo vet\u00ebm nga dyfishimi i rritjes ekonomike (8%) n\u00eb vitet n\u00eb vazhdim por edhe nga shkalla e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr fuqi pun\u00ebtore. Rritja ekonomike n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit nuk ka prodhuar vende shtes\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs \u2013 ka mbetur n\u00eb rreth 300,000 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar q\u00eb nga viti 2008. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb eliminohet jo-fleksibiliteti n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e pun\u00ebsimit dhe vet\u00eb-pun\u00ebsimit. Shumica nga ta nuk posedojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb faktor ekonomik (tok\u00eb, kapital apo shkatht\u00ebsi nd\u00ebrrmarr\u00ebse). Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb d\u00ebrrmuese e tyre\u00a0jan\u00eb femra. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye skema t\u00eb garantimit n\u00eb qasje n\u00eb financa jan\u00eb\u00a0thelb\u00ebsore. Financimi i pun\u00ebve publike apo orientimi n\u00eb sektor pun\u00eb-intenziv si bujq\u00ebsia p\u00ebrmes masave aktive \u00ebsht\u00eb i domosdosh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, cil\u00ebsia e jet\u00ebs\u00a0s\u00eb tyre varet edhe nga qasja e barabart\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime publike dhe jet\u00ebn politike. Ata jan\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies p\u00ebr veten dhe familjen dhe jo n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb kauzave inekzistente. Ata motivohen nga shpresa e rritjes s\u00eb standardit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs\u00a0p\u00ebrmes sh\u00ebrbimeve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, arsimore apo p\u00ebrkujdesit social, sesa storiet e rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritshme patriotike mbi luft\u00ebn dhe heronjt\u00eb. Elitat e konsumuara politike t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre tri dekadave nuk paraqesin zgjidhje, shpres\u00eb\u00a0e as rol model p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Shkalla e popullsis\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulet nga Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur vazhdimisht q\u00eb nga viti 2008. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb Gallup International (2017) rreth 34% e populllsis\u00eb m\u00eb me d\u00ebshir\u00eb do t\u00eb iknin nga Kosova. D\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur k\u00ebto tri vitet e fundit ka kaluar edhe nivelet kryesisht rekorde t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs\u00a0Sub-Sahariane. Shikuar n\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":12011,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[1498,2318,11],"ppma_author":[2235],"class_list":["post-3678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-demografia","tag-ikja","tag-kosova"],"authors":[{"term_id":2235,"user_id":581,"is_guest":0,"slug":"armend-muja","display_name":"Armend Muja","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Armend_Muja_Kosova_Assembly_2021.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Armend_Muja_Kosova_Assembly_2021.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Muja","first_name":"Armend","description":"Armend Muja (born 20 November 1981) is a Kosovar Albanian politician and member of the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/581"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3678"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12023,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3678\/revisions\/12023"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3678"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}