{"id":3686,"date":"2017-09-21T17:05:21","date_gmt":"2017-09-21T15:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3686"},"modified":"2024-12-12T17:10:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T15:10:09","slug":"nenvleresimi-i-kontributit-te-grave-ne-ekonomi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/nenvleresimi-i-kontributit-te-grave-ne-ekonomi\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00ebnvler\u00ebsimi i kontributit t\u00eb grave n\u00eb ekonomi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u00eb vitet e 90-ta koncepti i varf\u00ebris\u00eb filloi t\u00eb analizohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb spekt\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb kontribuuesve n\u00eb varf\u00ebri, m\u00eb specifikisht, p\u00ebrfshirjen e varf\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Kjo \u00e7oi n\u00eb popullarizimin e ides\u00eb se varf\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb seksiste dhe i godet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jo-proporcionale grat\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar k\u00ebt\u00eb ide, hulumtime t\u00eb shumta vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhen, jo vet\u00ebm mbi kompensimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb paguar, por edhe p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e kaluar n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar. P\u00ebrderisa debati mbetet ende i hapur n\u00ebse me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb grat\u00eb ndikohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga varf\u00ebria materiale se burrat, ka shum\u00eb pak dilem\u00eb n\u00eb pyetjen n\u00ebse grat\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebra n\u00eb koh\u00eb se burrat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Sipas Forumit Ekonomik Bot\u00ebror (WEF, 2016), koha e kaluar duke punuar dallon p\u00ebr burra dhe gra.\u00a0 Nj\u00eb mesatare n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb, tregon se grat\u00eb punojn\u00eb rreth 8 or\u00eb dhe 49 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa burrat punojn\u00eb 7 or\u00eb dhe 47 minuta. Kjo koh\u00eb, si\u00e7 edhe u merr mendja, nuk p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb vet\u00ebm koh\u00ebn e kaluar n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paguar, por edhe at\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar. Nga kjo koh\u00eb, burrat kalojn\u00eb 1 or\u00eb e 30 minuta n\u00eb pun\u00eb pa pages\u00eb e pun\u00eb t\u00eb kujdesit, nd\u00ebrsa grat\u00eb duke pasur barr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb kujdesit e asaj t\u00eb papaguar, punojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb 4 or\u00eb 47 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo, t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb tilla p\u00ebr Kosov\u00eb, ende nuk kemi, duke qen\u00eb q\u00eb Anketa e P\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb Koh\u00ebs ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ankete, n\u00eb\u00a0raportin e fundit t\u00eb Institutit Riinvest<\/a>\u00a0i cili analizon kushtet e pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e pun\u00ebsuara n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si grat\u00eb e pun\u00ebsuara e kalojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Nga ky raport, del se grat\u00eb e pun\u00ebsuara kalojn\u00eb rreth 7 or\u00eb e gjysm\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paguar \u2013 do t\u00eb thot\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht orar t\u00eb plot\u00eb. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr ato gjithashtu kalojn\u00eb rreth 3 or\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar \u2013 do t\u00eb thot\u00eb duke u kujdesur p\u00ebr familjen dhe duke kryer pun\u00eb sht\u00ebpiake t\u00eb papaguara \u2013 fenomen ky i njohur si orari i dyfisht\u00eb. N\u00eb total, grat\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuara kaloj\u00ebn rreth 10 or\u00eb e 30 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb duke punuar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb shkrim\u00a0t\u00eb m\u00ebhersh\u00ebm<\/a>\u00a0kam trajtuar ndikimin e barr\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien e grave dhe t\u00eb familjeve. Si vazhdim\u00ebsi e k\u00ebsaj, duke i shtuar p\u00ebrkufizimit t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies edhe dimensionin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb shpenzuar, mund t\u00eb analizojm\u00eb ndikimin q\u00eb angazhimi i dyfisht\u00eb i grave, n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb ka n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien e tyre dhe si p\u00ebrkthehet kjo n\u00eb terma materiale dhe t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr statistikat m\u00eb alarmante p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb niveli tejet i ul\u00ebt i pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb grave n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore \u2013 ku vet\u00ebm 18% e grave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebs jan\u00eb aktive. Arsyet e mos aktivizimit dallojn\u00eb, mir\u00ebpo nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr arsyet kryesore mbeten obligimet ndaj an\u00ebtareve tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes. Duke e pasur parasysh k\u00ebt\u00eb realitet, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb zhvillim, ekonomia feministe v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje faktin q\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrja m\u00eb e madhe e grave n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paguar shpesh rezulton n\u00eb m\u00eb pak koh\u00eb p\u00ebr kujdes personal, koh\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb, ose gjum\u00eb \u2013 e jo angazhim m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar (Folbre, 2006). Sipas k\u00ebtyre pritjeve, grat\u00eb, kur angazhohen n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paguar, mbesin m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebra n\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kjo, sipas raportit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrp\u00ebrmendur, del e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr Kosov\u00eb. Me disagregim t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00ebp\u00ebr nivele t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb pagave, shihet q\u00eb numri i or\u00ebve t\u00eb kaluara n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar mbetet mesatarisht i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht nivelit t\u00eb pagave dhe or\u00ebve t\u00eb kaluara n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paguar. Kjo tregon nj\u00eb nj\u00ebtrajtshm\u00ebri n\u00eb pritjet q\u00eb grat\u00eb duhet t\u2019i kushtojn\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe kujdesit ndaj familjes, pa marr\u00eb parasysh angazhimin e tyre n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, ose kontributin e tyre material n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb familjare.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr nga anketa e Riinvest, del se vet\u00ebm 7% e grave t\u00eb anketuara kan\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb paguar, dhe kjo ndihm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e koncentruar n\u00eb pastrimin e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. Normalisht n\u00ebse kontrollojm\u00eb p\u00ebr nivel t\u00eb pag\u00ebs v\u00ebrehet pamund\u00ebsia e grave me paga m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, t\u00eb pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb paguar. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb cilat paguhen m\u00eb pak n\u00eb pun\u00eb n\u00eb treg \u2013 gjithashtu kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi m\u00eb pak t\u00eb pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb ndihm\u00eb \u2013 gj\u00eb q\u00eb rezulton q\u00eb ato t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebra edhe n\u00eb koh\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb kompensim material.<\/p>\n

Anashkalimi i kontributit t\u00eb grave n\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb familjare, nuk rezulton vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb nj\u00eb varf\u00ebrie gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse p\u00ebr to, por edhe n\u00eb keqinterpretim t\u00eb kontributit t\u00eb tyre ekonomik. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ilustruar k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn, vet\u00ebm imagjinoni kompensimin e barasvlersh\u00ebm material t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb shpenzuar n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paguar dhe t\u00eb papaguar. N\u00ebse puna e papaguar do konsiderohej si kontribut ekonomik, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Riinvest<\/a>, del q\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb rrog\u00ebn mesatare t\u00eb raportuar prej \u20ac387\/muaj, paga mesatare p\u00ebr or\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb \u20ac2.15. Aplikimi i kompensimit t\u00eb barasvlersh\u00ebm p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, do t\u00eb rezultonte s\u00eb paku n\u00eb \u20ac135 shtes\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb grave n\u00eb ekonomi. Ky kontribut, rritet m\u00eb tej n\u00ebse konsiderojm\u00eb q\u00eb angazhimi n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb papaguar shkon p\u00ebrtej dit\u00ebve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, dhe normalisht kontributi ndryshon me nivel t\u00eb pagave, si\u00e7 shihet edhe n\u00eb figur\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme.<\/p>\n

Specifikisht, duke pasur parasysh ndarjen gjinore t\u00eb pun\u00ebve, bot\u00ebrisht grat\u00eb kan\u00eb barr\u00eb jo-proporcionale t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb \u201cpadukshme.\u201d (Puna e padukshme i referohet aktiviteteve t\u00eb papaguara, kryesisht pun\u00ebve t\u00eb kryera n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, si dhe pun\u00ebve t\u00eb kujdesit.) Duke qen\u00eb q\u00eb domeni i k\u00ebtyre pun\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb ekonomia familjare\/sht\u00ebpia, k\u00ebto pun\u00eb dhe ky kontribut ekonomik mbetet i pa evidentuar nga llogarit\u00eb nacionale (Hirway, 2005) \u2013 dhe si rezultat n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsohet edhe kontributi ekonomik i grave n\u00eb ekonomi. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebrfshirja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb shpenzimit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, do t\u00eb luante rol kritik n\u00eb tentativat p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb aktivitetin ekonomik, kontributin e grave n\u00eb ekonomi, dhe n\u00eb hartimin e politikave publike.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo, ky kontribut i dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga grat\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb\u00a0nuk merret parasysh n\u00eb llogarit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, gjithashtu konsiderohet si di\u00e7ka e mir\u00ebqen\u00eb \u2013 pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim se \u00ebsht\u00eb aty. Ky angazhim, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb mbetet i n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuar, gjithashtu i l\u00eb grat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebra n\u00eb koh\u00eb \u2013 duke u pamund\u00ebsuar investimin e koh\u00ebs n\u00eb veten e tyre.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse varf\u00ebria p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb edhe munges\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs, duhet t\u00eb reflektoj\u00eb edhe n\u00eb intervenime e politika, t\u00eb tilla q\u00eb n\u00eb fakt, kur kan\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim uljen e varf\u00ebris\u00eb materiale, t\u00eb mos kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb varf\u00ebri t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. Politikat publike duhet t\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, dhe t\u00eb orientohen kah intervenimet gjithp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse n\u00eb rritjen e mir\u00ebqenies, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb uljen e varf\u00ebris\u00eb materiale n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb (t\u00eb grave posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht), por n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb kualitetit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

__________<\/p>\n

Ky artikull \u00ebsht\u00eb kontribut ndaj projektit USAID Transformational Leadership Program-Citizens Corps. V\u00ebshtrimet dhe opinionet e shprehura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull i takojn\u00eb autor\u00ebve dhe nuk reflektojn\u00eb medoemos politikat dhe q\u00ebndrimet zyrtare t\u00eb USAID TLP Citizens Corps. Supozimet e b\u00ebra brenda analiz\u00ebs, gjithashtu nuk reflektojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimin e cilitdo entitet qeveritar.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb vitet e 90-ta koncepti i varf\u00ebris\u00eb filloi t\u00eb analizohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb spekt\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb kontribuuesve n\u00eb varf\u00ebri, m\u00eb specifikisht, p\u00ebrfshirjen e varf\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Kjo \u00e7oi n\u00eb popullarizimin e ides\u00eb se varf\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb seksiste dhe i godet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jo-proporcionale grat\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar k\u00ebt\u00eb ide, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":249,"featured_media":11022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1366,2033,1007],"ppma_author":[2031],"class_list":["post-3686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomia","tag-fuqizimi-ekonomik","tag-te-drejtat-e-grave"],"authors":[{"term_id":2031,"user_id":249,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dita-dobranja","display_name":"Dita Dobranja","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dita-dobranja-e1734014066516.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dita-dobranja-e1734014066516.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Dobranja","first_name":"Dita","description":"Dita Dobranja \u00ebsht\u00eb ekonomiste e fokusuar n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, ekonomin\u00eb gjinore dhe tregtin\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Ajo i ka kryer studimet masters n\u00eb deg\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Universitetin Amerikan n\u00eb Uashington DC. Dita punon si ekonomiste n\u00eb projekte t\u00eb ndryshme. Aktualisht ligj\u00ebron n\u00eb RIT Kosovo dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb autore n\u00eb platform\u00ebn \u201cExploring Economics\u201d (Eksplorimi i Ekonomis\u00eb)."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/249"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3686"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11023,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3686\/revisions\/11023"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3686"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}