{"id":3819,"date":"2019-04-23T12:17:28","date_gmt":"2019-04-23T10:17:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3819"},"modified":"2024-11-20T12:20:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T10:20:30","slug":"mosperputhja-e-tezave-populiste-evropiane-me-realitetin-shqiptar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/uncategorized\/mosperputhja-e-tezave-populiste-evropiane-me-realitetin-shqiptar\/","title":{"rendered":"Mosp\u00ebrputhja e tezave populiste evropiane me realitetin shqiptar"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vala masive e populizmit q\u00eb ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn e zhvilluar ka nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb vetin edhe tek shqiptar\u00ebt. Kjo val\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndjeshme duke nisur nga fqinj\u00ebt tan\u00eb me triumfin elektoral t\u00eb partive jo-konvencionale anti-establishment si Syriza n\u00eb Greqi; Lega Nord dhe Movimento 5 Stelle n\u00eb Itali p\u00ebr t\u00eb vijuar mandej tek forcimi i la Republique En Marche dhe Front national n\u00eb Franc\u00eb; Alternative fuer Deutschland n\u00eb Gjermani, Hofer n\u00eb Austri, Wilders-it n\u00eb Holland\u00eb; Ciudadanos, Podemos dhe Vox n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. K\u00ebto l\u00ebvizje populiste, q\u00eb vijn\u00eb si nga e majta ashtu edhe nga e djathta, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb jan\u00eb duke sfiduar elit\u00ebn aktuale politike t\u00eb atrofizuar e komprometuar n\u00eb vendet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, por jan\u00eb gjithashtu duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje edhe vet\u00eb sistemin e liberal demokracis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kuptohet q\u00eb kontekstet apo rrethanat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb krijuar e kultivuar k\u00ebto l\u00ebvizje varion sipas vendeve p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, mir\u00ebpo em\u00ebruesi i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb sfidimi i anti-establishmentit dhe k\u00ebrkimi i alternativave radikale qeveris\u00ebse. Mir\u00ebpo ligj\u00ebrimi i tyre andej, ka filluar t\u00eb huazohet dhe kopjohet edhe k\u00ebtej sidomos p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket mendimit t\u00eb majt\u00eb radikal, pa u p\u00ebrtypur mir\u00eb dhe pa iu p\u00ebrshtatur kontekstit dhe rrethanave t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb radikale. Pra n\u00ebse k\u00ebto vende t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore kan\u00eb shkaqet, iluzionet apo faktor\u00ebt e tyre q\u00eb i shtyjn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje sistemin e liberal demokracis\u00eb ne jemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst krejt tjet\u00ebr dhe g\u00eblltitja e k\u00ebtij ligj\u00ebrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb qesharak. Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr pretendimet kryesore q\u00eb po huazohet e transferohet k\u00ebtej \u00ebsht\u00eb pretendimi se sistemi i liberal demokracis\u00eb e ka d\u00ebshmuar veten si t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar. Kuptohet q\u00eb k\u00ebto pretendime n\u00eb vet\u00ebvete han\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje edhe p\u00ebr gjendjen e vendeve nga vijn\u00eb k\u00ebto ide por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb tem\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Thelbi i k\u00ebtij shkrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb se konteksti shqiptar \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt ndryshe nga ai i k\u00ebtyre vendeve e prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb absurde t\u00eb hedhim k\u00ebsilloj pretendimesh t\u00eb paq\u00ebna. S\u00eb pari duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se ne, dhe jo ato shtete, e kemi provuar komunizmin. Dhe nuk b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr komuniz\u00ebm \u201clight\u201d apo \u201cdiet\u201d si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb konsiderohet ai n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi por nj\u00eb komuniz\u00ebm me g\u00ebrm\u00ebn K t\u00eb madhe, besnik\u00eb fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb i recet\u00ebs s\u00eb Marksiz\u00ebm-Leninizmit. Si pak vende t\u00eb tjera komunizmi orthodoks shqiptar e zhveshi t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht qytetarin nga prona private, e centralizoi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kapilare ekonomin\u00eb, e futi n\u00eb palc\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb inxhinierin\u00eb sociale t\u00eb doktrin\u00ebs dhe kontrolloi me dor\u00eb t\u00eb hekurt arsimin dhe informacionin me synim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb ri socialist. Si pasoj\u00eb ne p\u00ebrjetuam p\u00ebrve\u00e7 krimeve nga m\u00eb mizoret dhe format nga m\u00eb tragjike t\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrk\u00ebmbjes s\u00eb dinjitetit njer\u00ebzor, por edhe nj\u00eb mjerim ekonomik, nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim total t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb planit q\u00eb na shkaktoi zi buke n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 80-t\u00eb e na b\u00ebri\u00a0 subjekt t\u00eb l\u00ebmosh\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet operacionit Pelikan menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb regjimit. Pra \u00ebsht\u00eb e kuptueshme q\u00eb n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ushqejn\u00eb nostalgji apo iluzione p\u00ebr nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb qeveris\u00ebse komuniste sepse andej ende nuk e kan\u00eb provuar n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo q\u00eb t\u00eb flitet ende n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ku pasojat dhe plag\u00ebt e komunizmit jan\u00eb t\u00eb fresk\u00ebta, p\u00ebr iluzione t\u00eb marksiz\u00ebm leninizmit \u00ebsht\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb surreale.<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr si mund t\u00eb kopjohet ligj\u00ebrimi i populist\u00ebve per\u00ebndimor e t\u00eb thuhet se sistemi i liberal-demokracis\u00eb ka d\u00ebshtuar, kur n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb provuar si\u00e7 duhet. P\u00ebr hir t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, dhe me pik\u00ebllim t\u00eb thell\u00eb, duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se sistemi demokratik nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb efi\u00e7ienc\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb apo nuk ka qen\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht funksional. K\u00ebt\u00eb fakt e v\u00ebrteton m\u00eb s\u00eb miri paaft\u00ebsia jon\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb zgjedhje t\u00eb lira e t\u00eb ndershme, t\u00eb pakontestuara nga t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt dhe q\u00eb marrin maksimumin e vler\u00ebsimit nga v\u00ebzhguesit e paansh\u00ebm nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. S\u00eb shpejti pritet t\u00eb miratohet nj\u00eb amendim i kodit elektoral dhe pothuaj n\u00eb \u00e7do pal\u00eb zgjedhje kemi pasur kode t\u00eb ndryshme ose m\u00eb sakt\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme zgjedhje me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat rregulla loje. Tendenca ka qen\u00eb q\u00eb vendim-marr\u00ebsit t’ia q\u00ebndisin vetes k\u00ebto rregulla sipas mas\u00ebs trupore p\u00ebr ti garantuar\u00a0 vetes zgjatjen e pamerituar t\u00eb pushtetit.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr demonstrim i paaft\u00ebsis\u00eb son\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb sistem politik funksional t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti q\u00eb opozita \u00ebsht\u00eb duke bojkotuar parlamentin dhe po organizon protesta q\u00eb shpesh po marrin p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb dhunshme. Duket si nj\u00eb lloj rituali ciklik ky q\u00eb situata politike n\u00eb vend degradon me nj\u00eb opozit\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e sheh m\u00eb t\u00eb arsyeshme apo t\u00eb frytshme shfryt\u00ebzimin e institucioneve politike apo procedurave demokratike p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur q\u00ebllimet e saj por p\u00ebrdor ekskluzivisht rrug\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs. Kjo nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me ndarje ideologjike sepse ekzakt\u00ebsisht n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin skenar ishim edhe para dy-tre legjislaturash, vet\u00ebm se at\u00ebhere ishin ndryshe rolet dhe e majta ishte n\u00eb opozit\u00eb. Pra pavar\u00ebsisht se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet e cili \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb opozit\u00eb, me sa duket mjetet jo-institucionale t\u00eb aktivizmit politik jan\u00eb t\u00eb paevituesh\u00ebm \u00e7ka d\u00ebshmon se sistemi yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ende rudimentar e tejet i papjekur p\u00ebr t\u00eb funksionuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb institucionale e procedurale n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ligjet n\u00eb fuqi.<\/p>\n

E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb vlen edhe p\u00ebr dimensionin ekonomik t\u00eb sistemit pra p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb e pretenduar liberale. Mjafton t\u00eb shikohet e analizohet mungesa e konkurrenc\u00ebs n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb shqiptare dhe p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrimi i pasuris\u00eb s\u00eb vendit n\u00eb dor\u00ebn e nj\u00eb grushti njer\u00ebzish me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb privilegjuara politike, p\u00ebr ta hedhur posht\u00eb \u00e7do pretendim se tek ne ka d\u00ebshtuar liberalizmi ekonomik. N\u00eb raportin e t\u00eb B\u00ebrit Biznes t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore dalim n\u00eb fund t\u00eb rajonit p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket leht\u00ebsirave ndaj biznesit \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb indikator dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs ilustrativ i t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebs s\u00eb asaj q\u00eb promovon liberalizmi ekonomik. Po ashtu k\u00ebt\u00eb tendenc\u00eb e\u00a0 konfirmon edhe raporti i Pagimit t\u00eb Taksave t\u00eb IFC dhe PWC, Shqip\u00ebria del n\u00eb vendin e 122-t\u00eb p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket pesh\u00ebs s\u00eb barr\u00ebs fiskale nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Maqedonia Veriore \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00eb vendin e 31-t\u00eb e Kosova t\u00eb 44-in.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekonomi liberale kur shteti \u00ebsht\u00eb aktor dominant n\u00eb ekonomi, nd\u00ebrhyn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kapilare n\u00eb \u00e7do sektor\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebherazi pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsi dhe konsumatori m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb ekonomi. Shteti ka nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb lart\u00eb paparashikueshm\u00ebrie duke gjykuar nga shpeshtia me t\u00eb cilat i ndron rregullat e loj\u00ebs n\u00eb ekonomi (politikat fiskale n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb). P\u00ebrve\u00e7 se me rregulla t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara e t\u00eb mbivendosura, shteti \u00ebsht\u00eb shpesh i pranish\u00ebm\u00a0 n\u00eb ekonomi edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet arbirtraritetit, standardeve t\u00eb dyfishta, imunitetit\u00a0 t\u00eb garantuar p\u00ebr aktor\u00eb me mbulim politik apo penalizimi i kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve politik.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu po t\u00eb shikohen disa parakushte t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi ekonomik liberal t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr mang\u00ebsit\u00eb kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim mungesa e sundimit t\u00eb ligjit. K\u00ebtu nuk b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb thjesht p\u00ebr mos-zbatim t\u00eb ligjit q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb vendos\u00eb para p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb abuzuesit me pushtetin por p\u00ebr pamund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem gjyq\u00ebsor t\u00eb sigurohet garantimi i zbatimit t\u00eb kontrat\u00ebs apo siguria e pron\u00ebs private. Po ashtu nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr premis\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebn nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb quhet denj\u00ebsisht liberale \u00ebsht\u00eb shenjt\u00ebria e pron\u00ebs private, q\u00eb tek ne \u00ebsht\u00eb ende larg zgjidhjes dhe garantimit. Ne sot kemi nj\u00eb dyzin\u00eb ligjesh q\u00eb mbivendosen apo l\u00ebn\u00eb boshll\u00ebqe t\u00eb shumta q\u00eb merren me pron\u00ebn private duke e l\u00ebn\u00eb fatin e pron\u00ebs n\u00eb dor\u00ebn e Maliqit e jo t\u00eb ligjit.<\/p>\n

Kudo q\u00eb ti marr\u00ebsh me radh\u00eb elementet q\u00eb e p\u00ebrkufizojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb t\u00eb tregut pra nj\u00eb ekonomi q\u00eb meriton t\u00eb quhet liberale, del se n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00e7alojn\u00eb apo l\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb thuhet edhe p\u00ebr sistemin politik kuazi-demokratik q\u00eb sipas Indeksit t\u00eb Demokracis\u00eb t\u00eb publikuar nga Nj\u00ebsia e Inteligjenc\u00ebs e revist\u00ebs prestigjioze The Economist, ende konsiderohet si nj\u00eb demokraci hibride, goxha prapa vendeve fqinje. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto arsye \u00ebsht\u00eb e pakuptimt\u00eb dhe e padrejt\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim t\u00eb sistemit liberal-demokratik n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb ky sistem ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar dhe shijuar tek ne.<\/p>\n

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Vala masive e populizmit q\u00eb ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn e zhvilluar ka nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb vetin edhe tek shqiptar\u00ebt. Kjo val\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndjeshme duke nisur nga fqinj\u00ebt tan\u00eb me triumfin elektoral t\u00eb partive jo-konvencionale anti-establishment si Syriza n\u00eb Greqi; Lega Nord dhe Movimento 5 Stelle n\u00eb Itali p\u00ebr t\u00eb vijuar mandej tek forcimi i […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":10525,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1908,1907],"ppma_author":[367],"class_list":["post-3819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-popullizmi-evropian","tag-realiteti-shqiptar"],"authors":[{"term_id":367,"user_id":373,"is_guest":0,"slug":"adri-nurellari","display_name":"Adri Nurellari","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adri.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adri.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Nurellari","first_name":"Adri","description":"Adri Nurellari \u00ebsht\u00eb studiues, k\u00ebshilltar dhe kolumnist i angazhuar kryesisht n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e politik\u00ebs dhe medias. Ai ka vijuar studimet universitare n\u00eb Universitetin e Tiran\u00ebs dhe ato pasuniversitare n\u00eb Cambridge, London School of Economics dhe University College London. Adri \u00ebsht\u00eb ish-k\u00ebshilltar i kryeministrit Sali Berisha dhe ish-sekretar i PDIU-s\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ka punuar si pedagog n\u00eb Universitetin e Tiran\u00ebs dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Juglindore n\u00eb Tetov\u00eb. Ka qen\u00eb i angazhuar si analist dhe konsulent nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb prej vitit 2013 punon si k\u00ebshilltar i Hashim Tha\u00e7it."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/373"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3819"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10526,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3819\/revisions\/10526"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3819"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}