{"id":3823,"date":"2019-04-17T16:24:19","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T14:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3823"},"modified":"2024-11-14T16:27:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T14:27:48","slug":"a-po-e-demtojne-ndihmat-e-huaja-ekonomine-e-kosoves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/a-po-e-demtojne-ndihmat-e-huaja-ekonomine-e-kosoves\/","title":{"rendered":"A po e d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb ndihmat e huaja ekonomin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na ishte nj\u00eb her\u00eb nj\u00eb fermer i vog\u00ebl. Ky fermer, s\u00eb bashku me an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes kultivonin tradicionalisht speca n\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe prej 0.3 hektar. N\u00eb vitet kur kishte bereqet, apo kur t\u00eb mbjellat nuk d\u00ebmtoheshin nga reshjet atmosferike dhe moti jostabil i pranver\u00ebs, ai arrinte t\u00eb vilte nj\u00eb sasi solide t\u00eb prodhimit. Ndon\u00ebse fermeri nuk kishte mjet modern transportues p\u00ebr ta d\u00ebrguar prodhimin n\u00eb tregun e ndonj\u00ebrit prej qyteteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, detyrohej q\u00eb ta barte me traktor deri n\u00eb tregun lokal m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt. \u00c7mimi i produkteve t\u00eb tij p\u00ebrcaktohej n\u00ebn m\u00ebshir\u00ebn e ofert\u00ebs dhe k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs n\u00eb at\u00eb treg. N\u00eb rastet kur shum\u00eb fermer\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb v\u00ebrshonin tregun n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, oferta e tejkalonte k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn dhe tregtar\u00ebt e kishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb ta ulnin \u00e7mimin n\u00eb minimum. Shum\u00eb her\u00eb, ky \u00e7mim nuk mbulonte as shpenzimet baz\u00eb t\u00eb investimit, l\u00ebre m\u00eb koston e pun\u00ebs. Pa prit\u00eb e pa kujtu, fermeri aplikoi p\u00ebr donacion nga nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb, fermeri ka modernizuar ferm\u00ebn e tij dhe e ka rritur sip\u00ebrfaqen punuese. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 tregun vendor, fermeri e shet prodhimin e tij edhe n\u00eb tregjet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Sot, fermeri posedon nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb t\u00eb specave prej 10 hektar\u00ebsh.<\/span><\/p>\n

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S\u00eb bashku me fermerin n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar edhe shum\u00eb kultivues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr pak vite kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb biznese t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 p\u00ebrkrahjes s\u00eb bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, donacionet e huaja kan\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahur edhe sektor\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb. Paramendoni n\u00ebse u themi k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrfituesve se k\u00ebto donacione jan\u00eb duke e d\u00ebmtuar ekonomin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs. \u00c7far\u00eb? A je \u00e7mend\u00eb?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ndihmat n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb granteve dhe donacioneve jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr vendet t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrballen me varf\u00ebri ekstreme, apo q\u00eb jan\u00eb dal\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruara nga lufta apo konflikti civil. Mir\u00ebpo ndihmat e huaja shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej luftimit t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb. Organizatat e ndryshme nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare jan\u00eb duke e p\u00ebrkrahur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme zhvillimin e sektor\u00ebve t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Kuptohet se ka shembuj n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb, ku ndihmat kan\u00eb ndihmuar rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjen e shteteve duke p\u00ebrkrahur investimet dhe zhvillimin ekonomik. Shembulli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cPlani Marshall\u201d \u2013 fond amerikan i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb q\u00eb kishte p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim p\u00ebrkrahjen e vendeve per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb sapo dala nga Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. K\u00ebto ndihma kishin rol t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjen e industrive p\u00ebr vendet n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. Prandaj, ndihmat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebse t\u00eb fuqishme t\u00eb zhvillimit ekonomik t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi, apo jo? Jo!<\/span><\/p>\n

Se ndihmat mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb efekt negativ n\u00eb ekonomi, na e tregon fakti q\u00eb n\u00eb kat\u00ebr dekada, afro 568 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb ndihma jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr vendet e Afrik\u00ebs, dhe ende ka shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb k\u00ebtij kontinenti q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura sesa kan\u00eb qen\u00eb para 40 vjet\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ku \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi dhe ku q\u00ebndron Kosova?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nobelisti britanik Angus Deaton, gjersa kritikon ndihmat n\u00eb mes tjerash thot\u00eb se \u201ckur ekzistojn\u00eb kushtet p\u00ebr zhvillim, ndihmat m\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme dhe n\u00eb fakt ato mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb d\u00ebm\u201d. Ky argumentim \u00ebsht\u00eb thelbi p\u00ebr ta kuptuar d\u00ebshtimin e ndihmave.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shum\u00ebk\u00ebnd mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e befasishme, por me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb disa ishujve, nga viti 2000-2012, Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi q\u00eb ka pranuar m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti ndihma p\u00ebr kok\u00eb banori n\u00eb bot\u00eb, me rreth 440 dhe 330 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr kok\u00eb banori, respektivisht. \u00cbsht\u00eb e kuptueshme se n\u00eb vitin 2000, ndihmat kan\u00eb qen\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme pasiq\u00eb Kosova ishte pothuajse plot\u00ebsisht e shkat\u00ebrruar. Por, cili \u00ebsht\u00eb efekti i \u00a0ndihmave n\u00eb vitin 2012? Dikush lehtazi mund t\u00eb na i sjell\u00eb n\u00eb mend projektet e financuara n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb si nd\u00ebrtimi i shkollave, rrug\u00ebve, kanalizimeve, e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb financuara nga ndihmat e huaja. Prandaj mund t\u00eb lind\u00eb pyetja, se si \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundshme dikush me arsye t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb se kjo p\u00ebrkrahje mund ta d\u00ebmtoj zhvillimin ekonomik afatgjat\u00eb?<\/span><\/p>\n

Le ta marrim shtruar. Kur qeveria jon\u00eb planifikon t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb q\u00eb kushton 10 milion\u00eb euro, dhe papritmas vjen nj\u00eb donator q\u00eb ofron 5 milion\u00eb, pa dijeni mbi koston totale t\u00eb saj, \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb? Sigurisht se me shum\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi, Qeveria do ta pranonte ndihm\u00ebn. Pastaj vjen radha e hapjes s\u00eb tenderit p\u00ebr at\u00eb rrug\u00eb. \u00c7udit\u00ebrisht, oferta m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn n\u00eb fjal\u00eb del t\u00eb jet\u00eb 15 milion\u00eb euro! A n\u00ebnkupton kjo se ndihmat e jashtme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte dhe t\u00eb paq\u00ebllimshme jan\u00eb duke ndikuar mbi rritjen e korrupsionit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb? P\u00ebrgjigja \u00ebsht\u00eb po.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shembulli i thjeshtuar m\u00eb lart, lidhet me konceptin e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ndihmave (ang. fungibility). Pra, kur vendet dhe organizatat e huaja i p\u00ebrkrahin shtetet me ndihma, ato u japin luksin qeverive q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shpenzime t\u00eb panevojshme dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb afera korruptive. P\u00ebr ta kuptuar drejt argumentin kund\u00ebr ndihmave t\u00eb huaja, nuk duhet imagjinuar nj\u00eb vend i varf\u00ebr ose i shkat\u00ebrruar nga lufta, p\u00ebr shkak se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst nuk mund t\u00eb quhet dhe t\u00eb jet\u00eb argument.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00ebt p\u00ebrball\u00eb problemit t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ndihmave<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundi, ambasadori i Zvicr\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb tha se \u201cne financojm\u00eb projekte dhe ju [Qeveria] veteran\u00ebt e rrejsh\u00ebm\u201d. P\u00ebr institucione normale kjo deklarat\u00eb do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim dhe nisje p\u00ebr ndryshim. Me fjal\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb injorant\u00eb. Ata e din\u00eb shum\u00eb mir\u00eb problemin e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb ndihmave. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ata japin \u00e7do her\u00eb k\u00ebshilla lidhur me rritjen e efektit t\u00eb ndihmave t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb harmoni me politikat e qeveris\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo k\u00ebshillat dhe rekomandimet jan\u00eb t\u00eb mira vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr njer\u00ebz q\u00eb d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb, fatkeq\u00ebsisht. E pasi drejtuesit e institucioneve nuk duan t\u2019ia din\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebshillat e miq\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj, k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit, duhet t\u2019i zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb donacionet p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb. Ndoshta p\u00ebr shum\u00ebk\u00ebnd mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dhimbshme, por kjo do ta pavar\u00ebsonte ekonomin\u00eb e vendit ton\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duke rikujtuar argumentimin e nobelistit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart, mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb se Kosova i plot\u00ebson kushtet p\u00ebr zhvillim. Nuk jemi m\u00eb nj\u00eb vend i shkat\u00ebrruar. Kemi rrug\u00eb dhe shkolla. Prandaj, donator\u00ebt e huaj jan\u00eb duke p\u00ebrfunduar pun\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb kushte normale do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb kryheshin nga vet\u00eb qeveria.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse kemi 53 milion\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar \u201cd\u00ebmshp\u00ebrblim\u201d p\u00ebr Becthel-Enka, n\u00ebse kemi buxhet t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb pensione p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra veteran\u00eb t\u00eb rrejsh\u00ebm, n\u00ebse kemi buxhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb pagur rrug\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta n\u00eb rajon, at\u00ebher\u00eb pse na duhen donacione p\u00ebr kanalizime e shkolla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb ka potencial p\u00ebr zhvillim, ndihmat po u krijojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebsve p\u00ebr keqmenaxhim me paran\u00eb publike. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, populli i p\u00ebrkrahur me ndihma \u00ebsht\u00eb duke heshtur kundrejt k\u00ebtij keqmenaxhimi. Po t\u00eb mos kishte ndihma m\u00eb t\u00eb cilat do t\u2019i nd\u00ebrtonin shkollat e kanalizimet, mund t\u00eb themi me bindje se populli nuk do t\u2019i duronte veteran\u00ebt e rrejsh\u00ebm e as feudal\u00ebt e klas\u00ebs politike.<\/span><\/p>\n

A \u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebmshme \u00e7do form\u00eb e ndihmave?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jo. Kemi argumente t\u00eb mjaftueshme q\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes ndihmave \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar demokracia dhe mendimi kritik. P\u00ebrtej ndihmave n\u00eb edukim, organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe vendet per\u00ebndimore kan\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahur dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahin shum\u00eb t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb studimet n\u00eb universitete me fam\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Gjithashtu, p\u00ebrmes shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, kan\u00eb financuar hulumtime q\u00eb qesin n\u00eb pah korrupsionin dhe krimin e organizuar. Pastaj, fatkeq\u00ebsia m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kur zbulohet korrupsioni e manipulimi dhe askush nuk reagon. Bile, n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq, personi q\u00eb mundohet ta luftoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen, persekutohet dhe luftohet nga ata q\u00eb do t\u00eb duhej ta mbronin. Kujtojm\u00eb rastin e prokurorit Blakaj. N\u00ebse s\u2019ka baz\u00eb manipulimi i listave t\u00eb veteran\u00ebve, pse duhet t\u00eb persekutohet hetuesi? N\u00ebse nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta pretendimet e tij, pse duhet t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohen t\u00eb akuzuarit potencial?<\/span><\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, dizejnimi i ndihmave \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft kompleks. Pra nuk mund t\u00eb themi q\u00eb donacionet p\u00ebr infrastruktur\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme, nd\u00ebrsa ndihmat p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb civile jan\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme. Pa kurrfar\u00eb dyshimi, ndihmat stimulojn\u00eb korrupsionin edhe n\u00eb organizatat e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile. N\u00ebse i shohim statistikat, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb regjistruara mbi 10 mij\u00eb organizata joqeveritare, q\u00eb i bie nj\u00eb OJQ p\u00ebr 180 banor\u00eb. Besoj q\u00eb as dyqane ushqimore nuk ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb, besoj se d\u00ebmi q\u00eb ndihmat i b\u00ebjn\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti se ato jan\u00eb duke i kryer ato pun\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb duhej t\u2019i kryente qeveria.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019i r\u00ebn\u00eb shkurt, zvog\u00eblimi gradual i ndihmave t\u00eb huaja n\u00eb disa sektor\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb prioritet i qeveris\u00eb, do t\u00eb ishte i r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb afat t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, por pivotal p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ekonomik. Dhe krejt n\u00eb fund, argumentet kund\u00ebr ndihmave, assesi nuk guxojm\u00eb t\u2019i interpretojm\u00eb si akuza ndaj organizatave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe shteteve mike.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na ishte nj\u00eb her\u00eb nj\u00eb fermer i vog\u00ebl. Ky fermer, s\u00eb bashku me an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes kultivonin tradicionalisht speca n\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe prej 0.3 hektar. N\u00eb vitet kur kishte bereqet, apo kur t\u00eb mbjellat nuk d\u00ebmtoheshin nga reshjet atmosferike dhe moti jostabil i pranver\u00ebs, ai arrinte t\u00eb vilte nj\u00eb sasi solide t\u00eb prodhimit. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":10350,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1006,972,1840],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-3823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomi","tag-kosove","tag-ndihmat-e-huaja"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3823"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10352,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3823\/revisions\/10352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3823"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}