{"id":3861,"date":"2019-06-26T13:38:58","date_gmt":"2019-06-26T11:38:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3861"},"modified":"2024-11-21T13:41:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T11:41:41","slug":"konstruktivizmi-precedenti-dhe-ndryshimi-i-kufijve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/uncategorized\/konstruktivizmi-precedenti-dhe-ndryshimi-i-kufijve\/","title":{"rendered":"Konstruktivizmi, precedenti dhe ndryshimi i kufijve"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dua t\u00eb theksoj se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull nuk rekomandoj q\u00eb marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebr ndryshim t\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb ndiqet me \u00e7do kusht. P\u00ebrmes dekonstruktimit t\u00eb tabus\u00eb mbi ndryshimin e kufijve synoj t\u2019i kontribuoj debatit rreth k\u00ebsaj teme.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vlugun e debateve rreth nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje potenciale q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndryshonte kufijt\u00eb mes Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb, kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e saj po sjellin n\u00eb diskutime faktin se rishkrimi i kufijve mund t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb nj\u00eb magnitud\u00eb destabilizuese p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor. Kjo p\u00ebr shkak q\u00eb ata konsiderojn\u00eb se ndryshimi i kufijve p\u00ebrb\u00ebn precedent negativ p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb rajonin.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tyre e konsiderojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme marr\u00ebveshjen p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn dhe e quajn\u00eb \u201cndarje\u201d dhe jo \u201cshk\u00ebmbim\u201d. Ky grup i kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve nuk merret fare me efektet q\u00eb marr\u00ebveshja mund t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb n\u00eb rajon. K\u00ebsisoj n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shkrim do t\u00eb trajtojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm argumentet e atyre q\u00eb thon\u00eb se marr\u00ebveshja mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb e keqe p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn dhe Serbin\u00eb, por impakti i saj n\u00eb rajon \u00ebsht\u00eb i keq dhe si e till\u00eb duhet t\u00eb refuzohet.<\/p>\n

Ata thon\u00eb se propozimi p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e territoreve mund edhe t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb problemet e Kosov\u00ebs, por edhe t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb keq n\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb. Shk\u00ebmbimi i territoreve mund t\u00eb lexohet si hap drejt modelit monoetnik dhe kjo do t\u2019i nxit\u00eb ambiciet e serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs dhe Hercegovin\u00ebs p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb kufijve. Sipas tyre marr\u00ebveshja e re do t\u00eb thyente boshtin e shtetit boshnjak dhe konflikti do t\u00eb ishte i pashmangsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Por \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb precedenti n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb? Fjalori i Kolegjiatit t\u00eb Websterit e p\u00ebrkufizon precedentin si \u201cnj\u00eb ndodhi e ngjashme q\u00eb ka ndodhur m\u00eb her\u00ebt\u201d,\u00a0 ose si \u201cdi\u00e7ka q\u00eb ka ndodhur apo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb dhe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si shembull p\u00ebr t\u00eb justifikuar nj\u00eb akt t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb m\u00eb pas\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb sfond t\u00eb argumenteve t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes q\u00ebndron logjika se \u00e7do ndryshim i kufijve, qoft\u00eb me dhun\u00eb, qoft\u00eb me marr\u00ebveshje \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. Por ndryshimi i kufijve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb esencialisht i nj\u00ebllojt\u00eb. Nj\u00ebri ndryshim \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebanshme dhe t\u00eb dhunshme. Tjetri \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmes marr\u00ebveshjes q\u00eb legjitimohet me vullnet demokratik n\u00eb parlamentet gjegj\u00ebse dhe me vullnet t\u00eb dyansh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

I pari b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes aktit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs dhe agresionit. I dyti \u00ebsht\u00eb i dyansh\u00ebm dhe jo unilateral, i vullnetsh\u00ebm dhe jo i dhunsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, lloji i par\u00eb dhe lloji i dyt\u00eb i ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve jo q\u00eb vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, por as t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm n\u00eb natyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

E p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta e vetme mes tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti i ndryshimit. Por n\u00ebse ky \u00ebsht\u00eb kriteri p\u00ebr precedent, at\u00ebher\u00eb as akti i pavar\u00ebsimit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0sui-generis<\/em>, por precedent p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha rajonet q\u00eb duan t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsohen. Pra koncepti i\u00a0sui-generis<\/em>\u00a0shembet n\u00ebse kriteri i precedentit p\u00ebrmbushet vet\u00ebm me ngjashm\u00ebrin\u00eb minimale t\u00eb aktit t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsimit. K\u00ebshtu ndodh kur m\u00ebnjanohen ve\u00e7antit\u00eb q\u00eb karakterizojn\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrmes kritereve t\u00eb ul\u00ebta krahasuese dhe barazuese ne nuk mund ta shohim partikularitetin e situatave dhe mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrejm\u00eb vet\u00ebm ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb minimale p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave nuk mund t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb fuqi shpjeguese. Pyetja q\u00eb vjen tash \u00ebsht\u00eb se pse b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebsim dhe pse ekziston frika q\u00eb t\u00eb krijohet precedent nga ndryshimi i kufijve mes Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb?!<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjigjen p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje mund ta k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb p\u00ebrmes teoris\u00eb konstruktiviste n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Alexander Wendt n\u00eb artikullin e tij monumental konstruktivist \u201cAnarkia \u00ebsht\u00eb ashtu si\u00e7 e b\u00ebjn\u00eb shtetet \u2013 Konstruktimi i politik\u00ebs s\u00eb fuqis\u00eb\u201d thot\u00eb se n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, t\u00eb dominuara nga teoria (neo)realiste, ka mbizot\u00ebruar vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e interpretimit t\u00eb anarkis\u00eb. Sipas (neo)realizmit anarkia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb ku lufta \u00ebsht\u00eb e tolerueshme dhe ku n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb autoriteti bot\u00ebror, shtetet zhyten n\u00eb raporte t\u00eb dominimit, hegjemonis\u00eb dhe garimit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Wendt thot\u00eb se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb esencializim i panevojsh\u00ebm i anarkis\u00eb sepse (neo)realist\u00ebt marrin elemente kontingjente, aksidentale e rrethanore dhe i paraqesin si pjes\u00eb qen\u00ebsore t\u00eb anarkis\u00eb. Sipas tij, kjo bindje bazohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrvojat historike q\u00eb kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb luft\u00ebra. Ai i pranon k\u00ebto fakte si t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta historike dhe se anarkia mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb, por nuk e pranon se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi rezultat i anarkis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Wendt argumenton se shtetet mund t\u00eb zgjedhin se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me anarkin\u00eb: t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr dominim ose t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Anarkia \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr luft\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpunim. Kjo sipas tij varet nga praktikat nd\u00ebrsubjektive t\u00eb shteteve.<\/p>\n

Ato mund t\u00eb zgjedhin se \u00e7far\u00eb raporti duan t\u00eb ken\u00eb mes vete dhe sjellja e tyre nuk determinohet komplet nga struktura n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ato operojn\u00eb. Gjithashtu, raporti mes shteteve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb relacion mes dy entiteteve t\u00eb atomizuar dhe t\u00eb pandikuar nga nj\u00ebri-tjetri. Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se shtetet jan\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht imune p\u00ebrball\u00eb rrethanave objektive, por as nuk jan\u00eb pasqyrim i plot\u00eb i tyre.<\/p>\n

Interpretimet k\u00ebsisoj jan\u00eb konstrukte t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb rregularitetet e praktikave t\u00eb caktuara. Interpretimi i anarkis\u00eb si burim i vazhduesh\u00ebm i luft\u00ebs vjen nga p\u00ebrs\u00ebritja e akteve dhe sjelljeve agresive t\u00eb shteteve q\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit kan\u00eb zgjedhur luft\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb logjik\u00eb e till\u00eb e argumentimit vlen edhe p\u00ebr lidhjen q\u00eb i b\u00ebhet ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve dhe dhun\u00ebs. Dhuna nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rrjedhoj\u00eb e drejtp\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb logjike e ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve e as rezultat i ndonj\u00eb kauzaliteti t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm. Frika nga ndryshimi i kufijve \u00ebsht\u00eb derivat i praktikave t\u00eb deritanishme, e jo i ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve n\u00eb vete. Kjo sepse nuk ka forc\u00eb shkak\u00ebsore t\u00eb brendashkruar n\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb kufijve.<\/p>\n

Hezitimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar kufijt\u00eb vjen nga e kaluara e p\u00ebrgjakshme e Evrop\u00ebs me kufijt\u00eb. Si\u00e7 tregon Sinisa Malesevic, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr sociolog\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs s\u00eb organizuar, Evropa ka nj\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar shum\u00eb m\u00eb mizore sesa Ballkani. N\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb makro-historike, n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb lufta ka qen\u00eb rregull, kurse paqja p\u00ebrjashtim. E kund\u00ebrta vlen p\u00ebr Ballkanin.<\/p>\n

David Kang tallet me Evrop\u00ebn kur tregon se kufijt\u00eb jan\u00eb shkruar e rishkruar shum\u00eb shpesh n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet dhun\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Lindjen e Larg\u00ebt ka pasur stabilitet p\u00ebr 1 mij\u00eb vjet dhe kufijt\u00eb kan\u00eb l\u00ebvizur fare pak gjat\u00eb asaj periudhe t\u00eb qet\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm me lindjen e formacioneve dhe ideologjive moderne t\u00eb shtetit-komb dhe nacionalizmit, Lindja e Larg\u00ebt i \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar ndryshimit t\u00eb dhunsh\u00ebm t\u00eb kufijve. T\u00eb dy k\u00ebta autor\u00eb n\u00ebnvizojn\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e dhunshme t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs dhe pasigurin\u00eb q\u00eb e shoq\u00ebron at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar hezitimin e kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve, mund t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb Yuval Harari thot\u00eb p\u00ebr trajtimin q\u00eb shtetet i b\u00ebjn\u00eb terrorizmit. Harari thot\u00eb se n\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sektor\u00ebt e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur policit\u00eb e veta \u2013 aristokrat\u00ebt, esnaf\u00ebt, kishat dhe manastiret. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb autoriteti qendror, ata i kan\u00eb realizuar interesat e veta p\u00ebrmes forc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb koh\u00ebt moderne shteti ka rezultuar si zot\u00ebrues i monopolit t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs mbi gjith\u00eb territorin. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb pasiguris\u00eb q\u00eb jep ekzistenca e shum\u00eb akter\u00ebve, qytetar\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar me sigurin\u00eb q\u00eb u jep shteti si akter i vet\u00ebm. Ne si qytetar\u00eb jemi m\u00ebsuar me dhun\u00ebn zero dhe sulmet terroriste na krijojn\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypjen se po zhytemi prap\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Harari argumenton se pas shum\u00eb shekujve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjaksh\u00ebm, ne kemi braktisur vrim\u00ebn e zez\u00eb t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs, por n\u00eb pavet\u00ebdij\u00ebn ton\u00eb ndjejm\u00eb se ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb ende aty, n\u00eb pritje p\u00ebr t\u00eb na g\u00eblltitur. Kjo frik\u00eb, sipas Hararit, na shtyn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ekzagjerojm\u00eb rrezikun e terrorizmit.<\/p>\n

Pra Evropa \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi nj\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar t\u00eb dhunshme t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve dhe ky fakt po ia dikton m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e mendimit. E shkuara e saj e ka shtyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb reifikoj\u00eb ndales\u00ebn e ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve n\u00eb sensin e trajtimit t\u00eb saj si di\u00e7ka e ndar\u00eb nga praktikat t\u00eb cilat e kan\u00eb prodhuar dhe mbajtur at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Peter Berger dhe Thomas Luckman n\u00eb librin e tyre t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm \u201cKonstruktimi shoq\u00ebror i realitetit\u201d e p\u00ebrkufizojn\u00eb reifikimin si \u201ct\u00eb kuptuarit e produkteve t\u00eb aktivitetit njer\u00ebzor sikur t\u00eb kishin qen\u00eb di\u00e7ka jonjer\u00ebzore \u2013 si fakte t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs, rezultate t\u00eb ligjeve kozmike apo manifestime t\u00eb vullnetit hyjnor. Reifikimi n\u00ebnkupton se njeriu \u00ebsht\u00eb i aft\u00eb t\u00eb harroj\u00eb autor\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij mbi bot\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve. Bota e reifikuar p\u00ebrjetohet si fakticitet i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm, si nj\u00eb opus alienum mbi t\u00eb cilin ai nuk ka kontroll e jo si opus proprium i aktivitetit t\u00eb tij prodhues.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pak vet\u00eb besojn\u00eb se Evropa mund t\u00eb \u00e7reifikoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fakt-institucion dhe t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb mallkim. Besimi se ndryshimi i kufijve diku do t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb turbulenca gjithkund, si dhe do t\u00eb hap\u00eb vrim\u00ebn e zez\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e gatshme t\u00eb g\u00eblltit\u00eb stabilitetin e Evrop\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i fort\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb hapur nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi serioze p\u00ebr ndryshimin e praktik\u00ebs s\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb kufijve. Si\u00e7 e kam cekur n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkrim m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, ndryshimi i kufijve mes Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sui-generis n\u00eb krahasim me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, por mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb precedent i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen, p\u00ebr ndryshim t\u00eb kufijve vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet marr\u00ebveshjes dhe paqes.<\/p>\n

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Dua t\u00eb theksoj se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull nuk rekomandoj q\u00eb marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebr ndryshim t\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb ndiqet me \u00e7do kusht. P\u00ebrmes dekonstruktimit t\u00eb tabus\u00eb mbi ndryshimin e kufijve synoj t\u2019i kontribuoj debatit rreth k\u00ebsaj teme. N\u00eb vlugun e debateve rreth nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje potenciale q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndryshonte kufijt\u00eb mes Kosov\u00ebs dhe Serbis\u00eb, kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e saj […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":415,"featured_media":10590,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1939,11,1909],"ppma_author":[778],"class_list":["post-3861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-konstruktivizmi","tag-kosova","tag-kufijte"],"authors":[{"term_id":778,"user_id":415,"is_guest":0,"slug":"shkodran-ramadani","display_name":"Shkodran Ramadani","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/shkodran-e1729253403162.jpeg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/shkodran-e1729253403162.jpeg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Ramadani","first_name":"Shkodran","description":"Shkodran Ramadani \u00ebsht\u00eb hulumtues n\u00eb Institutin \u201cCompass\u201d n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb. Ai ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet Bachelor n\u00eb Shkenca Politike n\u00eb Universitetin e Evrop\u00ebs Juglindore n\u00eb Tetov\u00eb t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb dhe studimet Master n\u00eb Sociologji n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. Shkodrani \u00ebsht\u00eb aktiv n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e hulumtimeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, populizmit, sekularizmit, demokracis\u00eb konsociacionale dhe autonomis\u00eb."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/415"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3861"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10591,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3861\/revisions\/10591"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3861"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}