{"id":3874,"date":"2019-09-10T09:47:12","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T07:47:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=3874"},"modified":"2024-10-17T10:41:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T08:41:41","slug":"psikologjia-e-votimit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/psikologjia-e-votimit\/","title":{"rendered":"Psikologjia e votimit"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Psikologjia e votimit<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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Kur vjen dita e zgjedhjeve dhe ju drejtoheni tek qendra e votimit, \u00e7far\u00eb ju shtyn t\u00eb zgjedhni nj\u00eb parti apo kandidat para tjetrit? Shpresa? Frika? Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb racionale e opsioneve? Apo mbase thjesht shprehia? Nuk ekziston ndonj\u00eb formul\u00eb specifike rreth asaj sesi votojn\u00eb individ\u00ebt. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, votimi \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0vendim<\/em>\u00a0dhe si \u00e7do vendim tjet\u00ebr varet nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr faktor\u00ebsh. Psikologjia politike ka identifikuar tre faktor\u00eb kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb vot\u00ebn e nj\u00eb personi, edhepse k\u00ebta nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vetmit. K\u00ebta faktor\u00eb jan\u00eb besnik\u00ebria ndaj partis\u00eb, tiparet e kandidat\u00ebve q\u00eb kandidojn\u00eb p\u00ebr poste politike dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjet elektorale.<\/p>\n

Besnik\u00ebria ndaj partis\u00eb shihet si parashikuesi m\u00eb i madh sesi do t\u00eb votoj\u00eb nj\u00eb person. Individ\u00ebt identifikohen me nj\u00eb parti politike t\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb num\u00ebr arsyesh. Disa mund t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb atashim psikologjik me partin\u00eb e tyre q\u00eb nga rinia \u2013 zakonisht t\u00eb influencuar nga familja. Megjithat\u00eb, efekti i familjes nuk mund t\u00eb parashikohet. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkaqe t\u00eb rebelimit, shum\u00eb t\u00eb rinj mund t\u00eb shprehin mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb parti opozitare dhe t\u00eb rrisin atashimin e tyre. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, individ\u00ebt mund t\u00eb identifikohen me nj\u00eb parti t\u00eb caktuar sepse besojn\u00eb se idealet dhe vlerat e partis\u00eb p\u00ebrkojn\u00eb me vlerat dhe idealet e tyre personale. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe ky faktor \u00ebsht\u00eb paradoksal.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 2018, Lilliana Mason, n\u00eb librin e saj\u00a0\u2018Uncivil Agreement: How Politics Became Our Identity\u2019<\/em>, shpjegon se shum\u00eb shpesh qytetar\u00ebt nuk p\u00ebrkrahin nj\u00eb parti p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb vlerave dhe programeve t\u00eb asaj partie, por i modifikojn\u00eb bindjet e tyre p\u00ebr t’iu p\u00ebrshtatur vlerave t\u00eb partis\u00eb. Besnik\u00ebria ndaj partis\u00eb turbullon interesat personale dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb d\u00ebrgon individin n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb gabuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur identitetin e tyre grupor. Studimi i sjelljes s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb grupe \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse dhe shpesh shqet\u00ebsuese. Sapo njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndjehen se p\u00ebrkasin me nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb caktuar, fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme. Ata imitojn\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb tyre, favorizojn\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e grupit t\u00eb tyre mbi grupet e tjera, nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb figura t\u00eb lider\u00ebve t\u00eb grupit dhe luftojn\u00eb me grupe t\u00eb tjera. Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb eksperimente n\u00eb psikologjin\u00eb sociale q\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb k\u00ebto e karakterisitka t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb identitetit grupor dhe t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit faktor\u00eb q\u00eb motivojn\u00eb sjelljen n\u00eb grupe shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebrkthehen edhe n\u00eb besnik\u00ebri politike.<\/p>\n

Faktori i dyt\u00eb q\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb vendimet e votuesve jan\u00eb tiparet e kandidat\u00ebve. Njer\u00ebzit shpesh votojn\u00eb p\u00ebr kandidat\u00ebt me tipare q\u00eb u p\u00eblqejn\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb tiparet duhet t’i kthehemi psikologjis\u00eb amerikane t\u00eb viteve t\u00eb ’30-ta. Carr dhe Kingsburry n\u00eb vitin 1938 propozuan se tiparet jan\u00eb kategorizime leksikore sesi nj\u00eb individ i p\u00ebrgjigjet mjedisit t\u00eb saj apo t\u00eb tij – do t\u00eb thot\u00eb natyra reaktive e individit.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, tiparet jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sesa thjesht p\u00ebrshkruese. Kur nj\u00eb individ reagon ndaj mjedisit t\u00eb tij ose t\u00eb saj sipas nj\u00eb modeli t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm, tiparet p\u00ebrdoren nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar thelbin e karakterit ose personalitetit t\u00eb nj\u00eb personi. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebto karakteristika jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme sesa her\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera dhe votuesit e painformuar mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb stereotipe t\u00eb kandidat\u00ebve. Votuesit gjithashtu mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb shkurtesa informative dhe n\u00eb heuristika t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb marrjen e vendimeve politike. Tiparet e kandidat\u00ebve jan\u00eb heuristika ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb dobishme sepse jan\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t’u vler\u00ebsuar n\u00eb krahasim me elementet e tjera m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara t\u00eb politik\u00ebs. Tiparet e kandidat\u00ebve ofrojn\u00eb shkurtesa kognitive t\u00eb vler\u00ebsimit p\u00ebr individ\u00ebt pa pasur nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb investojn\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe energji n\u00eb zb\u00ebrthime m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb nj\u00eb kandidati.<\/p>\n

Faktori i tret\u00eb q\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si votuesit b\u00ebjn\u00eb zgjedhjet e tyre ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet elektorale t\u00eb nj\u00eb kandidati ose partie. K\u00ebto do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishin preokupimi kryesor i votuesve, por n\u00eb fakt jan\u00eb shum\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00eb. Ekzistojn\u00eb dy nxit\u00ebs t\u00eb votimit mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb caktuara: retrospektiv dhe prospektiv. Votimi retrospektiv \u00ebsht\u00eb kur votuesi zgjedh nj\u00eb kandidat bazuar n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e kaluar t\u00eb k\u00ebtij kandidati. Votimi prospektiv \u00ebsht\u00eb votimi i bazuar n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn e imagjinuar n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e nj\u00eb kandidati.<\/p>\n

Kjo korniz\u00eb teorike mbi psikologjin\u00eb e votimit duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb e aplikueshme p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e shoq\u00ebrive demokratike. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, secili vend i ka specifikat e veta. Kosova, marrim shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vend i vog\u00ebl me shum\u00eb specifika q\u00eb e shquajn\u00eb. Duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb vend i vog\u00ebl, por edhe nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri relativisht patriarkale, ka shum\u00eb individ\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb miq e familjar\u00eb n\u00eb pozita t\u00eb larta ose n\u00eb lista kandidat\u00ebsh dhe kjo e b\u00ebn shpeshher\u00eb vot\u00ebn t\u00eb paracaktuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb af\u00ebrsis\u00eb emocionale me ta.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb njashtu ka zona ku vot\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb mahall\u00eb, fshat e regjion e determinon fjala e kryeplakut, e bab\u00ebs sheh, e hoxh\u00ebs ose e priftit. Nj\u00ebherazi, Kosova ka disa minidentitete q\u00eb jo rrall\u00eb her\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuese n\u00eb votimin\u00a0blanco<\/em>\u00a0– identitetet krahinore, identitetet fetare ose, ndon\u00ebse m\u00eb pak, identitetet ideologjike (p.sh. trash\u00ebgimia e U\u00c7K-s\u00eb, LPK-s\u00eb ose LDK-s\u00eb). Por, prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb gjeneralizojm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt.<\/p>\n

Por, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr k\u00ebtyre ve\u00e7orive q\u00eb ka trupa elektorale e Kosov\u00ebs, luhatjet e votave n\u00eb zgjedhjet nacionale t\u00eb ver\u00ebs 2017 e zgjedhjet lokale t\u00eb vjesht\u00ebs 2017, kombinuar edhe me sondazhet q\u00eb vazhdimisht shprehin l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb elektoratit, na d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi nuk ka vot\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe se partit\u00eb duhet \u201ct\u2019i p\u00ebrvjelin m\u00ebng\u00ebt\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb bindur qytetarin se ato jan\u00eb zgjedhja e zgjidhja e duhur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Psikologjia e votimit Kur vjen dita e zgjedhjeve dhe ju drejtoheni tek qendra e votimit, \u00e7far\u00eb ju shtyn t\u00eb zgjedhni nj\u00eb parti apo kandidat para tjetrit? Shpresa? Frika? Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb racionale e opsioneve? Apo mbase thjesht shprehia? Nuk ekziston ndonj\u00eb formul\u00eb specifike rreth asaj sesi votojn\u00eb individ\u00ebt. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, votimi \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0vendim\u00a0dhe si \u00e7do […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[664],"ppma_author":[267],"class_list":["post-3874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-kosovo"],"authors":[{"term_id":267,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"eurisa-rukovci","display_name":"Eurisa Rukovci","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rukovci.jpeg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rukovci.jpeg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","description":"Eurisa Rukovci \u00ebsht\u00eb e lindur m\u00eb 1994. Shkollimin fillor dhe t\u00eb mes\u00ebm e ka p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe ShBA, kurse studimet i ka p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs \u2013 Departamentin e Psikologjis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb ideatore e aplikacionit t\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin seksual \u201cShnet\u201d dhe q\u00eb nga viti 2015 shkruan si kolumniste nga Kosova p\u00ebr media regjionale. Eurisa \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb vazhdimisht me aktiviz\u00ebm, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb drejtat e grave, si dhe ka b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb hulumtimesh shkencore nga fusha e psikologjis\u00eb sociale dhe kulturore. Fushat e vokacionit t\u00eb saj jan\u00eb psikologjia sociale, sh\u00ebndeti seksual, historiku i l\u00ebvizjeve feministe n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe kritika e kultur\u00ebs, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht historia e muzik\u00ebs rock."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3874"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8468,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874\/revisions\/8468"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3874"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}