{"id":4081,"date":"2017-06-23T12:06:24","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T10:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4081"},"modified":"2025-01-09T12:10:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T10:10:49","slug":"cka-shkoi-ters-ne-sistemin-arsimor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/cka-shkoi-ters-ne-sistemin-arsimor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ka shkoi ters n\u00eb sistemin arsimor?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e arsimit \u00ebsht\u00eb theksuar shpesh dhe ekziston konsensus i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm sa i p\u00ebrket r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebtij sektori p\u00ebr avancim shoq\u00ebror dhe ekonomik.\u00a0 Gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb kaluar v\u00ebmendja jon\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e p\u00ebrfshirjes n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nivelet arsimore, n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies s\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve.\u00a0 Mir\u00ebpo n\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb debat shoq\u00ebror \u00ebsht\u00eb anashkaluar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe studentit.<\/p>\n

Kosova ka nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb arritshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve 15 vje\u00e7ar\u00eb n\u00eb testin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar PISA n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe gjetiu. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb rezultateve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb arritshm\u00ebris\u00eb bot\u00ebrore n\u00eb arsim t\u00eb OECD, nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit kosovar\u00eb kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb tejkalojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm koleg\u00ebt e tyre nga Algjeria dhe Republika Dominikane. Mir\u00ebpo, ata kan\u00eb mbetur prapa bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Ameriken Latine, Azi, Lindje t\u00eb Mesme, Evrop\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00eb Veriore. Duke qen\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do 40 pik\u00eb n\u00eb PISA n\u00ebnkuptojn\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 1 vit shkollim, mund t\u00eb argumentohet q\u00eb nj\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebs kosovar ngec p\u00ebr rreth 1 vit n\u00eb raport me nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebmoshatar nga Shqip\u00ebria, 2 vite n\u00eb raport me nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebmoshtator nga Serbia dhe rreth 3 vite mbrapa bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebve estonez (me arritshm\u00ebrin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Gabimet e dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb kaluar<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb aspektin e politikb\u00ebrjes, sistemet arsimore dallohen dhe analizohen p\u00ebr nga tri dimenzione themelore: qasja, ci\u00ebsia dhe relevanca e arsimit p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs.\u00a0 V\u00ebmendja e qarqeve politikb\u00ebr\u00ebse dhe e mediave ishte shpesh e dominuar nga arsimi i lart\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar p\u00ebr shkak se v\u00ebmendja e t\u00eb githa vendeve t\u00eb avancuara n\u00eb proces \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht e dominuar n\u00eb arsimin parauniversitar. S\u00eb dyti, shteti ka oblligim kushtetues p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar arsim gjthp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs dhe cil\u00ebsor n\u00eb arsimin parauniversitar, por jo edhe n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb. S\u00eb treti, intervenimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar ci\u00ebsi jan\u00eb t\u00eb efektshme vet\u00ebm n\u00eb arsimin e hersh\u00ebm, e jo n\u00eb arsimin e vonsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Kosova shpenzon pak dhe keq n\u00eb arsim<\/strong>\u00a0– N\u00eb realitet investimet publike n\u00eb arsim p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb rreth 20 % t\u00eb shpenzimeve publike. N\u00eb vlera nominale investimi n\u00eb sektorin e arsimit \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb vitet e fundit nga 150 milion Euro sa ishte n\u00eb viitin 2010 n\u00eb 266 milion n\u00eb vitin 2016.\u00a0 Rreth 90% e shpenzimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme arsimore jan\u00eb t\u00eb drejtuara kah pagesat e rrogave t\u00eb arsimtareve.<\/p>\n

Rritja e rrogave te m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve p\u00ebr motive politike nuk ka pas\u00eb ndikim n\u00eb arritshm\u00ebri t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve. Ngritja e mir\u00ebqenies dhe rritja e rrogave t\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb linerare p\u00ebrmes negocimit sindikal gjat\u00eb fushatave parazgjedhore. Megjith\u00ebse shkalla e kontributit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb avancimin e arsimit ka qen\u00eb minimale viteve t\u00eb fundit, atyre iu premtua rritje e pagave edhe gjat\u00eb fushat\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit zgjedhore 2017. Rrogat e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve u dyfishuan mbrenda nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr kohore (2010-2014) nga 240 Euro pages\u00eb mujore n\u00eb 430 Euro n\u00eb vitin 2016.\u00a0 Edhe pse shpenzimet u p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuan ndjesh\u00ebm, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb manifestuar n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb kapsh\u00ebm n\u00eb arritshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve tan\u00eb n\u00eb testet e jashtme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kualifikimet e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve dhe p\u00ebrgatitja e tyre nuk jan\u00eb adekuate p\u00ebr arsimim bash\u00ebkohor<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Kosova ka munges\u00eb t\u00eb theksuar t\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve t\u00eb diciplinave STEM (Shkenc\u00eb, Teknologji, Inxhinieri dhe Matematik\u00eb). Kompetencat e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnsve n\u00eb k\u00ebto diciplina jan\u00eb mesatarisht t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrta me nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit. Mungesa e kuadrove adekuate ka ardhur si pasoj\u00eb e disa faktor\u00ebve: lojaliteti partiak dhe provincial p\u00ebrtej kompetenc\u00ebs akademike, programet e p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb tyre para sh\u00ebrbimit jan\u00eb n\u00ebn nivel dhe nuk ka ekzistuar ndonj\u00eb politik\u00eb e vler\u00ebsimit dhe promovimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrformanc\u00ebs. Rreth gjysma e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve (12,000) nuk plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb parakushtet minimale qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb nivelit jo adekuat t\u00eb shkollimit apo profileve arsimore.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ka ngecur zbatimi i kurrikul\u00ebs s\u00eb re<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Kosova ka filluar p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar kurrikul\u00ebn e re q\u00eb nga viti 2004 (Administrata e UNMIK). Forcat rezistente t\u00eb reform\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuara n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste edhe nga SBASHK kan\u00eb arritur q\u00eb efektivisht t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsojn\u00eb ritmin e reformave. Q\u00eb nga viti 2009 kur \u00ebsht\u00eb afirmuar edhe nj\u00ebher\u00eb nevoja e nj\u00eb kurrikule t\u00eb standardizuar sipas kritereve t\u00eb UNESCO-s, vet\u00ebm rreth 10% e shkollave operojn\u00eb me kurrikul\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore. Pjesa d\u00ebrrmuese e shkollave ende ofron nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje dhe qasje pedagogjike jo t\u00eb ndryshme nga arsimi i para dy dekadave.<\/p>\n

Tekstet m\u00ebsimore jan\u00eb jo-adekuate p\u00ebr arritshm\u00ebri\u00a0<\/strong>– Megjith\u00eb progresin e arritur n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb shqet\u00ebsime n\u00eb lidhje me cil\u00ebsin\u00eb pedagogjike t\u00eb teksteve m\u00ebsimore. P\u00ebrzgjedhja e autor\u00ebve p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpilim t\u00eb teksteve m\u00ebsimore duhet t\u00eb rishikohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb evituar tendencat monopolistike n\u00eb proces (UNDP, 2015). N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, ekzistojn\u00eb ende shqet\u00ebsime mbi p\u00ebrmbajtjen e teksteve m\u00ebsimore dhe n\u00ebse ato jan\u00eb neutrale ndaj paragjykimeve shoq\u00ebrore (ESI, 2015).<\/p>\n

Qasja n\u00eb arsim parashkollor \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet e ul\u00ebt<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Arsimi parashkollor nuk ka qen\u00eb prioritet i politikb\u00ebrjes arsimore dhe kjo manifestohet me qasje shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt \u2013 vet\u00ebm 2 nga 10 nx\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 3-5 vje\u00e7 shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7erdhe. Regjistrimi i ul\u00ebt n\u00eb nivelin parashkollor \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet i ul\u00ebt krahasuar me vendet rajonale dhe ato t\u00eb OECD dhe mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nga arsyet themelore pse arritishm\u00ebria e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve \u00ebsht\u00eb e ul\u00ebt n\u00eb nivelet pasuese.<\/p>\n

Numri i student\u00ebve n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e konsiderueshme e tyre p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb sfera me prioritet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb – Rreth 6 nga 10 nx\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb moshave 17-24 vjec regjistrohen n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb. Studentet jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb orientuar kryesisht n\u00eb shkenca shoq\u00ebrore dhe humanistik\u00eb. Reth 7 nga 10 student\u00eb q\u00eb regjistrohen n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb studiojn\u00eb juridik, ekonmik apo shkenca t\u00eb ngjashme shoq\u00ebrore. Vet\u00ebm rreth 3 nga k\u00ebta 10 student\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb diplomojn\u00eb mbrenda afatit t\u00eb parapar\u00eb kohor.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto evidenca shqet\u00ebsuese sjellin n\u00eb pah munges\u00ebn e orientimit strategjik n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb dhe anashkalimin e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb relevanc\u00ebs s\u00eb arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Mentaliteti arsimor n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht i orientuar kah studimi si fund n\u00eb vetvete e jo si mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar shanset p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim apo p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur shkall\u00ebn e produktivitetit t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. Nj\u00eb mentalitet i till\u00eb i ka rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt tek p\u00ebrdorimi i arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb shtet-formimit dhe kriijimit t\u00eb narrativ\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare. Sidoqoft\u00eb, nj\u00eb mentalitet i till\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Aktualisht kemi nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb nder\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs \u2013 t\u00eb diplomuar t\u00eb papun\u00eb dhe treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb shkatht\u00ebsive t\u00eb munguara.<\/p>\n

Orientimi i reformave arsimore<\/strong><\/p>\n

Viti 2017 do t\u00eb jet\u00eb esencial p\u00ebr t\u00eb inicuar reforma n\u00eb sektorin e arsimit. Niveli i ul\u00ebt i arritshm\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb PISA duhet t\u00eb krijoj nj\u00eb momentum p\u00ebr reforma n\u00eb arsim. Hapat politik duhet t\u00eb fokusohen n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb konsensusi komb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr depolitizimin e arsimit parauniversitar dhe arsimin e lart\u00eb. Prioritetet arsimore duhet t\u00eb fokusohen n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb arsimin parashkollor \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga masat themelore p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar cil\u00ebsisn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, cil\u00ebsia arsimore nuk mund t\u00eb tejkaloj\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnsve tan\u00eb \u2013 intervenimet n\u00eb vazhdim duhet orientuar n\u00eb rritjen e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve kryesisht n\u00eb fusha esenciale p\u00ebr kurrikul\u00ebn e arsimit parauniversitar si\u00e7 jan\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebt shkencore, teknologjia, matematika dhe inxhineria (STEM). N\u00eb 4 vitet e ardhshme do t\u00eb pensionohen rreth 2000 m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe k\u00ebto vende t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen me kuadro t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitura nga profile shkencore. S\u00eb treti, shteti duhet t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb s\u00eb subvencionuari programet publike n\u00eb arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb juridik, ekonomiks dhe shkenca shoq\u00ebrore dhe t\u00eb orientoj\u00eb parat\u00eb e taksapaguesve n\u00eb studim t\u00eb fushave q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb ekonomi si zhvillimi bujq\u00ebsore, prodhimi, mjek\u00ebsia dhe teknologjia.<\/p>\n

Qeveria e ardhshme duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrmarr\u00eb disa masa p\u00ebr t\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb binar\u00eb progresin n\u00eb arsim. Sa i p\u00ebrket qasjes n\u00eb arsim, Qeveria duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndroj rritjen e qasjes n\u00eb arsim parashkollor. Kapaciteti aktual prej 5000 f\u00ebmij\u00ebve duhet t\u00eb dyfishohet gjat\u00eb mandatit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm. \u00c7do vit i kaluar n\u00eb \u00e7erdhe asociohet me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim mesatar prej 20 pik\u00eb n\u00eb PISA (OECD, 2014). Sa i p\u00ebrket cil\u00ebsis\u00eb, ekzekutivi duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrohet n\u00eb disa dimensione: t\u00eb ndryshohen tekstet m\u00ebsimore sipas modelit t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, t\u00eb rekrutohen rreth 2000 m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb rinj nga fushat STEM, t\u00eb zbatohet n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi kurrikula e re, t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet qasja e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb pajisje arsimore dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen kurrikulat me nevojat emergjente t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. N\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb, shteti duhet t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb s\u00eb subvencionuari studimin n\u00eb shkenca shoq\u00ebrore dhe t\u00eb promovoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes masave afirmative studimin e kimis\u00eb, fizik\u00ebs, teknologjis\u00eb, inxhinieris\u00eb dhe mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundmi, sistemi arsimor n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nivelet duhet t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb sistemin e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm dhe llogaridh\u00ebni\u00ebs. Kosova duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj kapacitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit, nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit, shkoll\u00ebs dhe komun\u00ebs. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto masa k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb konsensus politik p\u00ebr t\u00eb depolitizuar arsimin, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit nga kalkulimet parazgjedhore dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur shpenzimet dhe investimet kapitale n\u00eb arsim nga 266 n\u00eb 500 milion\u00eb euro deri n\u00eb vitin 2020.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e arsimit \u00ebsht\u00eb theksuar shpesh dhe ekziston konsensus i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm sa i p\u00ebrket r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebtij sektori p\u00ebr avancim shoq\u00ebror dhe ekonomik.\u00a0 Gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb kaluar v\u00ebmendja jon\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e p\u00ebrfshirjes n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nivelet arsimore, n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies s\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve.\u00a0 Mir\u00ebpo n\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":11779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[11,1137,1145],"ppma_author":[2235],"class_list":["post-4081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-kosova","tag-pisa","tag-sistemi-arsimor"],"authors":[{"term_id":2235,"user_id":581,"is_guest":0,"slug":"armend-muja","display_name":"Armend Muja","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Armend_Muja_Kosova_Assembly_2021.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Armend_Muja_Kosova_Assembly_2021.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Muja","first_name":"Armend","description":"Armend Muja (born 20 November 1981) is a Kosovar Albanian politician and member of the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/581"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4081"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11781,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4081\/revisions\/11781"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4081"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}