{"id":4137,"date":"2017-11-13T12:16:33","date_gmt":"2017-11-13T10:16:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4137"},"modified":"2024-12-12T12:18:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T10:18:15","slug":"shoqeria-e-hapur-dhe-armiqte-e-popper-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/kritike\/shoqeria-e-hapur-dhe-armiqte-e-popper-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe &#8220;armiqt\u00eb&#8221; e Popper-it"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"news-up\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"news-down\">\n<div class=\"img-wrapper\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"news-left\">\n<p>Historicizmi si doktrin\u00eb, sipas shpjegimit t\u00eb Popper-it, paraqitet si nj\u00eb filozofi apo konceptim doktrinar i historis\u00eb q\u00eb pretendon t\u00eb ket\u00eb zbuluar kuptimin dhe ligjet e historis\u00eb, dhe k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb mund t\u00eb parashikoj\u00eb tendencat e ardhshme t\u00eb saj. Popper-i mendon se kjo doktrin\u00eb si e till\u00eb b\u00ebhet edhe e rrezikshme n\u00ebse lidhet me ndonj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje politike q\u00eb synon t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtoj\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e historis\u00eb, sepse do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb n\u00eb totalitariz\u00ebm. Zakonisht si\u00e7 edhe ka ndodhur n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, k\u00ebto lloj teorish n\u00eb pamund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr transformimin e gjendjes shoq\u00ebrore dhe ekonomike, si dhe arritjes s\u00eb\u00a0<em>progresit<\/em>, kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb ta transformojn\u00eb vet\u00eb njeriun dhe me k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb tentojn\u00eb ta krijojn\u00eb njeriun e s\u00eb ardhmes, apo njeriun e ri. N\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb progresit, n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb parajs\u00ebs n\u00eb tok\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb proklamuar k\u00ebto teori, Popper-i mendon se ato kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb vet\u00ebm krime. Madje ai i akuzon k\u00ebto teori si nxit\u00ebse qoft\u00eb direkte qoft\u00eb indirekte t\u00eb formave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb totalitarizmit, deri tek nazizmi dhe fashizmi. Po ashtu, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se t\u00eb gjitha teorit\u00eb historiciste proklamojn\u00eb se historia na d\u00ebrgon kah e v\u00ebrteta, dhe se e v\u00ebrteta gjendet n\u00eb histori, madje \u00ebsht\u00eb besuar se e v\u00ebrteta absolute nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb jasht\u00eb historis\u00eb si e till\u00eb. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb ata insistojn\u00eb q\u00eb historin\u00eb ta vendosin n\u00eb rangun e nj\u00eb shkence, ku sakt\u00ebsia e konkluzioneve t\u00eb saj \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb evidente. Mir\u00ebpo, mohohet fakti q\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb ka rezultuar se shkenca \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar sterile n\u00eb v\u00ebrtetimin e dukurive apo n\u00eb gjetjen e p\u00ebrgjigjeve p\u00ebr pyetjet e shtruara.<\/p>\n<p>Diskursin historik si t\u00eb till\u00eb Popper-i e kund\u00ebrshtoi ashp\u00ebr n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes veprave t\u00eb tij\u00a0<em>Mjerimi i historicizmit<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe armiqt\u00eb e saj<\/em>, ku i kund\u00ebrshton t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjet e atyre filozof\u00ebve q\u00eb historin\u00eb e konsideronin si q\u00ebllim, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn njeriu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se mjeti p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbushjen e tellosit t\u00eb saj. Mir\u00ebpo, pik\u00ebpamjet dhe konceptet filozofike t\u00eb Popper-it nuk marrin kurrsesi pamjen e kategorive q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb relevanc\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme, e aq m\u00eb pak absolute. K\u00ebto pik\u00ebpamje Popper-i pohon se duhet kuptuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e njeriut me historin\u00eb, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb edhe n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore nuk ka vend p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar vizione filozofike mbi t\u00eb ardhmen e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb vlera t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme.<\/p>\n<p>Por, \u00e7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb historia? Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebllimi i saj? Ngarkesa shkencore q\u00eb iu bashk\u00ebngjit\u00a0e ktheu at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb krejt t\u00eb that\u00eb dhe pa nerv. Popper-i e hedh tutje shikimin e tij n\u00eb historin\u00eb e hershme t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb. Ai mendonte se e keqja q\u00eb doktrina historike kishte sjell\u00eb, e kishte origjin\u00ebn n\u00eb antikitet, pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb filozofin\u00eb e Platonit. Kritika e Popper-it q\u00ebdron pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn profetizuese. Sipas tij, Platoni \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i cili me elaborimin e shtetit q\u00eb nj\u00ebmend\u00ebson idealet e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb mbyllur, si dhe me insistimin e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb paracaktuar se \u2018kush duhet t\u00eb sundoj\u00eb\u2019 dhe cili vullnet duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i larti n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzimi n\u00eb pamund\u00ebsi, p\u00ebr shkaqe t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb arritjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre idealeve platonike t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrplasje shoq\u00ebrore. Kjo ndodh p\u00ebr faktin se kur teorizohet p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur, domosdoshm\u00ebrisht edhe do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen sundimtar\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do ta garantojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrsosm\u00ebri. Kjo doktrin\u00eb e \u2018njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb zgjedhur\u2019 p\u00ebr Popper-in \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e rrezikshme, sepse ajo na d\u00ebrgon; \u201c&#8230;n\u00eb tendenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb historin\u00eb t\u00eb kuptueshme n\u00ebn interpretime teiste [fetare], do me th\u00ebn\u00eb duke njohur Zotin si autorin e dram\u00ebs q\u00eb luhet n\u00eb Sken\u00ebn Historike\u201d (Popper,\u00a0<em>Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe armiqt\u00eb e saj \u2013 V\u00ebllimi 1: Magjia e Platonit<\/em>). Gjith\u00e7ka ishe nj\u00eb projeksion q\u00eb duhej realizuar n\u00eb histori, sepse objektiviteti platonik i p\u00ebrket bot\u00ebs intelegjibile. Madje Popper-i shprehet k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr\u00a0<em>shtetin ideal<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb Platonit: \u201cLeksioni t\u00eb cilin ne duhet ta m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga Platoni \u00ebsht\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht e kund\u00ebrta e asaj \u00e7far\u00eb ai p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb na m\u00ebsoj\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb leksion i cili nuk duhet t\u00eb harrohet. Po aq e shk\u00eblqyer sa \u00e7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb diagnoza e tij sociologjike, zhvillimi i vet\u00eb atij provon se terapia q\u00eb ai rekomandon \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e keqe se e keqja q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb luftonte. Ndalimi i ndryshimit politik nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ila\u00e7, ai nuk mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb lumturi. Ne nuk mund t\u00eb kthehemi kurr\u00eb n\u00eb pafaj\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe bukurin\u00eb e hamend\u00ebsuar t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb mbyllur. \u00cbndrrat jan\u00eb qiellore: nuk mund t\u00eb realizohen n\u00eb tok\u00eb. Kur t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetemi mbi arsyen ton\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim fuqit\u00eb tona t\u00eb kriticizmit, kur t\u00eb ndjejm\u00eb thirrjen e p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsive tona personale, dhe s\u00eb bashku me t\u00eb, t\u00eb ndjejm\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb njohjeve t\u00eb avancuara, nuk mund t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet q\u00eb i n\u00ebnshtrohet pa m\u00ebdyshje tribalizmit magjik\u201d (Popper,\u00a0<em>Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe armiqt\u00eb e saj \u2013 V\u00ebllimi 1: Magjia e Platonit<\/em>). Pra, Popper-i \u00ebsht\u00eb i bindur se filozofia e Platonit p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e shtetit dhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie, ku secili e ka pozicionin e paracaktuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb alibia e totalitarizmave bashk\u00ebkohore.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu Popper-i kritik\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr i b\u00ebn edhe filozofis\u00eb s\u00eb Hegel-it. Madje ai Hegel-in e konsideron si nxit\u00ebsi, apo \u201c&#8230;burimi i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb historicizmit bashk\u00ebkohor\u201d, dhe si \u201ctribalizmi i ri\u201d. \u00a0\u00a0Sepse edhe Hegel-i mendonte se Historia \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebllim i cili duhet synuar. Popper-i pohonte se ndikim i Hegelit n\u00eb politik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ende mjaft i fuqish\u00ebm; \u201cN\u00eb politik\u00eb ndikimi ekstrem prej faktit se krahu ekstrem i majt\u00eb marksist, konservativ\u00ebt e qendr\u00ebs dhe fashist\u00ebt ekstrem\u00eb t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e bazojn\u00eb filozofin\u00eb e tyre politike mbi Hegelin. Krahu i majt\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi luft\u00ebn e kombeve e cila duket n\u00eb sken\u00ebn historiciste t\u00eb Hegelit me luft\u00ebn e klasave, ekstremi i djatht\u00eb e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi me luft\u00ebn e racave, por t\u00eb dy e ndjekin at\u00eb pak a shum\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjshme\u201d (Popper,\u00a0<em>Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe armiqt\u00eb e saj \u2013 V\u00ebllimi II:Hegeli dhe Marx-i<\/em>). Popper-in e habit fakti se si \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb nj\u00eb teori e till\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdor Hegeli t\u00eb ket\u00eb kaq ndikim. Ai mendonte se n\u00eb filozofin\u00eb e Hegelit ka nj\u00ebfar\u00eb supersticioni popullor q\u00eb \u00a0hamend\u00ebson n\u00eb jet\u00eb. Ai mendon se kjo lloj filozofie p\u00ebr \u00e7do pyetje ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb gatshme.<\/p>\n<p>Po ashtu, edhe Marx-i \u00ebsht\u00eb nga ata teoret historicist q\u00eb vihet n\u00ebn thumbin e kritik\u00ebs s\u00eb Popper-it. P\u00ebr t\u00eb, Marx-i me teorit\u00eb e tij b\u00ebri q\u00eb totalitarizmat bashk\u00ebkohore t\u00eb shp\u00ebrfaqeshin me t\u00ebr\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsin\u00eb dhe vrazhd\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre. Popper-i pohon se: \u201cMarksizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teori e kulluar historike, nj\u00eb teori e cila synon n\u00eb parath\u00ebnien e kursit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb zhvillimeve ekonomike dhe pushtetet-politike dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb revolucioneve\u201d (Popper,\u00a0<em>Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe armiqt\u00eb e saj \u2013 V\u00ebllimi II: Hegeli dhe Marx-i<\/em>). Sipas tij, Marx-i \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga ata ideolog\u00eb, i cili me shpjegimet q\u00eb i b\u00ebri klasave, si nj\u00eb antagoniz\u00ebm i p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm, ndihmoi n\u00eb (pa)mund\u00ebsin\u00eb, shkat\u00ebrrimin e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie t\u00eb hapur dhe demokratike dhe q\u00eb proklamoi nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, si\u00e7 edhe e quan Popper-i \u201cshoq\u00ebri e mbyllur\u201d. Popper-i thoshte se thirrja n\u00eb nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2018blasfemi\u2019, sepse: \u201cNuk ka histori t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, ka vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb pafund\u00ebm t\u00eb historive t\u00eb \u00e7do lloj aspekti t\u00eb jet\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore. Dhe nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto histori \u00ebsht\u00eb hostoria e pushtetit politik\u201d (Popper,\u00a0<em>Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe armiqt\u00eb e saj \u2013 V\u00ebllimi II: Hegeli dhe Marx-i<\/em>). Andaj, Popper-i kritikon tri momentet e marksizmit, t\u00eb cilat kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr vete shum\u00eb mendimtar\u00eb: 1) Se ajo ishte nj\u00eb shkenc\u00eb; 2) Se \u00ebsht\u00eb progresive dhe 3) Se ka p\u00ebrpunuar metod\u00ebn e parashikimit q\u00eb praktikojn\u00eb edhe shkencat natyrore. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj Popper-i kritik\u00ebn e tij e vendos pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e tret\u00eb, duke kritikuar tendenc\u00ebn e marksizmit si shkenc\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai mendon se \u201c&#8230;kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e pajustifikueshme, sepse ai mendon se marksizmi m\u00eb shum\u00eb ngjan me profecit\u00eb, sesa me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat e fizik\u00ebs moderne\u201d. Pra, Popper-i v\u00ebren edhe tri fakte themelore n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave marksizmi tenton t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb projektin e tij politik. a) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fakt q\u00eb ne mund ta profetizojm\u00eb eklipsin e diellit me nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb sakt\u00ebsie. At\u00ebher\u00eb a nuk jemi ne t\u00eb aft\u00eb t\u2019i parashikojm\u00eb revolucionet? Ideja themelore se do t\u00eb ishte e mundur t\u00eb parashikonim revolucionet ashtu si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb parashikohen eklipset e diellit ngre k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje para shkencave sociale, b) detyra e shkencave sociale \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me at\u00eb t\u00eb shkencave natyrore \u2013 t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb parashikime dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht parashikime historike, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb parashikime rreth zhvillimit social dhe politik t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit dhe c) sapo t\u00eb zbulohen k\u00ebto parashikime, detyra e politik\u00ebs mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet me p\u00ebrpik\u00ebri. Duhen leht\u00ebsuar \u201cdhimbjet e lindjes\u201d (si i quan Marx-i) t\u00eb lidhura me zhvillimin politik, t\u00eb cilat e pengojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb parashikim. K\u00ebto ide t\u00eb thjeshta q\u00eb i quan doktrina historike e politike. T\u00eb dyja jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e historicizmit &#8211; pik\u00ebpamjes se historia e njer\u00ebzimit fsheh nj\u00eb komplot dhe n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ne e zgjidhim k\u00ebt\u00eb komplot, do t\u00eb zot\u00ebrojm\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsin e s\u00eb ardhmes.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb Popper-i mendon se k\u00ebto nuk jan\u00eb doktrina marksiste, por ato jan\u00eb doktrinat m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ai mendonte se parashikimet historike jan\u00eb astronomike dhe i p\u00ebrkasin astrologjis\u00eb, kurse parashikimet shkencore jan\u00eb t\u00eb tilla q\u00eb pik\u00eb referente kan\u00eb konkret\u00ebsin\u00eb apo faktin empirik. Edhe kur t\u2019b\u00ebjm\u00eb fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr dijet filozofike, ato k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. Nisur nga analiza e nj\u00eb numri sado t\u00eb kufizuar faktesh, dijet filozofike priren t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta edhe p\u00ebr realitete q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb koh\u00eb e n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb jasht\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb fakteve t\u00eb marra n\u00eb shqyrtim. Prandaj ka nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb q\u00eb kjo doktrin\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb ngjashme q\u00eb vet\u00ebquhen si shkencore dhe t\u00eb etablohet si e till\u00eb, ka prodhuar defekte t\u00eb paparashikueshme n\u00eb historin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzimit. Mbase, kur t\u2019b\u00ebjm\u00eb me aspektin shkencor Popper-i \u00ebsht\u00eb nga ata filozof\u00eb q\u00eb edhe ato t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta shkencore q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb verifikueshme duhet t\u2019u n\u00ebnshtrohen nj\u00eb procesi permanent verifikueshm\u00ebrie me an\u00eb t\u00eb metod\u00ebs s\u00eb\u00a0<em>p\u00ebrg\u00ebnjeshtrimit,<\/em>\u00a0sepse sipas tij ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta vet\u00ebm deri at\u00ebher\u00eb kur nuk p\u00ebrg\u00ebnjeshtrohen.<\/p>\n<p>Krejt n\u00eb fund mund t\u00eb themi se Popper-i si nj\u00eb racionalist kritik dhe si nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtues i paepur i dogmatizmit historicist, insiston q\u00eb problemet e ndryshme filozofike dhe shkencore t\u00eb jen\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta dhe \u00e7doher\u00eb ato t\u2019u n\u00ebnshtrohen kritik\u00ebs s\u00eb arsyes dhe t\u00eb jen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e trajtimit t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb racional. Ndryshimi me \u00e7do kusht, imponimi, nuk jan\u00eb zgjidhja sipas Popper-it, sepse ato sipas tij d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb n\u00eb dogma dhe rrjedhimisht e suprimojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb demokracie dhe nj\u00eb sistemi ku debati racional do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishte bazamenti i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrnjer\u00ebzore. Andaj, pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ai mendonte se: \u201cNj\u00eb histori konkrete e njer\u00ebzimit, n\u00ebse ka ndonj\u00eb, do t\u00eb ishte historia e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb historia e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shpresave t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, betejave dhe vuajtjeve. Sepse nuk ka asnj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm se nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se nj\u00eb histori e till\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shkruhet. Ne duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb abstragime, ne duhet t\u00eb shp\u00ebrfillim, ne duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhim. Por me k\u00ebt\u00eb ne arrijm\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb histori; dhe n\u00eb mesin e tyre, te historia e krimit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe vrasja n\u00eb mas\u00eb e cila ka qen\u00eb shpallur si histori e njer\u00ebzimit\u201d (Popper,\u00a0<em>Shoq\u00ebria e hapur dhe armiqt\u00eb e saj \u2013 V\u00ebllimi II: Hegeli dhe Marx-i<\/em>). Prandaj, lirisht mund t\u00eb themi se Popper-i edhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite mbetet nj\u00eb referenc\u00eb relevante si n\u00eb mendimin filozofik, ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb social dhe politik.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"news-right\">\n<div class=\"post\">\n<p class=\"author\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historicizmi si doktrin\u00eb, sipas shpjegimit t\u00eb Popper-it, paraqitet si nj\u00eb filozofi apo konceptim doktrinar i historis\u00eb q\u00eb pretendon t\u00eb ket\u00eb zbuluar kuptimin dhe ligjet e historis\u00eb, dhe k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb mund t\u00eb parashikoj\u00eb tendencat e ardhshme t\u00eb saj. Popper-i mendon se kjo doktrin\u00eb si e till\u00eb b\u00ebhet edhe e rrezikshme n\u00ebse lidhet me ndonj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje politike [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":10944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[2017,2018,991],"ppma_author":[733],"class_list":["post-4137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kritike","tag-historicizmi","tag-popper","tag-shoqeria"],"authors":[{"term_id":733,"user_id":266,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dritan-dragusha","display_name":"Dritan Dragusha","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/dritan.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/dritan.webp"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Dragusha","first_name":"Dritan","description":"Dritan Dragusha \u00ebsht\u00eb i diplomuar n\u00eb filozofi, n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. Dritani \u00ebsht\u00eb i fokusuar n\u00eb teori t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs dhe gjithashtu n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi, kinema dhe muzik\u00eb. Po ashtu, merret edhe me gazetari. \u00cbsht\u00eb kolumnist i rregullt n\u00eb platform\u00ebn online \"sbunker.net\". Ka qen\u00eb edhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebs i filozofis\u00eb dhe etik\u00ebs n\u00eb \"The British School Kosova\". Bashkautor n\u00eb projektin kulturor televiziv \"Filozofema\", n\u00eb Radio Televizionin e Kosov\u00ebs. Aktualisht Dritani \u00ebsht\u00eb autor dhe moderator i emisionit \"Prizma\", n\u00eb televizionin T7."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/266"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4137"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10945,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4137\/revisions\/10945"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4137"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}