{"id":426,"date":"2015-08-18T09:05:05","date_gmt":"2015-08-18T09:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=426"},"modified":"2024-12-17T11:58:40","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T09:58:40","slug":"ekonomiksi-i-vendeve-te-vogla-ku-eshte-shpetimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/ekonomiksi-i-vendeve-te-vogla-ku-eshte-shpetimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomiksi i vendeve t\u00eb vogla \u2013 Ku \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebtimi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po shkruaj i inspiruar nga diskutimi i shpesht\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebhet lidhur me prospektet e rritjes ekonomike t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Apo, th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, t\u00eb ardhmen ekonomike t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb. Si do t\u00eb dalim nga ky cik\u00ebl i vend-q\u00ebndrimit? Si do t\u00eb gjenerojm\u00eb vende pune? Kur do t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb standardin evropian t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs?<\/span><\/p>\n

Dhe, m\u00eb duhet ta them qysh n\u00eb fillim, se nuk ka p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb lehta n\u00eb k\u00ebto pyetje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb milion (ang. million-dollar\u00a0questions)!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari duhet t\u00eb pajtohemi se krahasimi i ekonomive t\u00eb vogla me ato t\u00eb m\u00ebdhat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gabim dhe konfuz n\u00eb shum\u00eb drejtime. E kjo p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq po ndodh\u00eb shum\u00eb shpesh n\u00eb diskutimet tona. Vendet\/ekonomit\u00eb e vogla jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme nga vendet\/ekonomit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, dhe kjo duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb baza e diskutimit. Duhet t\u00eb heqim nga diskursi iden\u00eb e krahasimit t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs me ekonomit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha evropiane, apo bot\u00ebrore. Dhe, si rezultat edhe t\u00eb ulim pritjet (tejet t\u00eb larta t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb son\u00eb) p\u00ebr arritje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb standardeve evropiane.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonomit\u00eb e vogla, t\u00eb hapura dhe pa politik\u00eb monetare, kan\u00eb kufizime (ngulfatje) t\u00eb shumta n\u00eb politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrje, t\u00eb cilat kryesisht mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmblidhen n\u00eb dy grupe. I pari grup i kufizimeve, ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me faktin q\u00eb vendet e vogla nuk mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb \u201cekonomi t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs\u201d (ang. economies of scale) ne asnj\u00eb sektor ekonomik. Mungesa e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb shkall\u00ebs rezulton n\u00eb kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhim t\u00eb produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve, dhe si rezultat n\u00eb konkurrueshm\u00ebri t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb tregun rajonal e global. Kurse grupi i dyt\u00eb i kufizimeve, ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me tregtin\u00eb dhe ofrimin i sh\u00ebrbimeve, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira n\u00eb tregje t\u00eb vogla dhe pa fuqi bler\u00ebse. K\u00ebto dy grupe kufizimesh kan\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb e vendeve t\u00eb vogla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tani, cili \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cshp\u00ebtimi\u201d?<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga \u201crrug\u00ebdaljet\u201d, e diskutuar shum\u00eb n\u00eb teorin\u00eb ekonomike, konsiderohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb rritja e konkurrueshmeris\u00eb n\u00eb disa sektor\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar (t\u00eb identifikuar nga sektori privat), apo ajo qe quhet \u201cspecializim\u201d, dhe shfryt\u00ebzimi i fleksibilitetit i t\u00eb qenit \u201ci vog\u00ebl\u201d. Fokusi i specializimit duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb kryesisht drejt\u00eb produkteve q\u00eb tregtohen (ang. tradable goods), dhe q\u00eb kan\u00eb potencial p\u00ebr eksport. Kjo n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb dilema e njohur e gjetjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsive komparative (ang. comparative advantage), e q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fare e leht\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb ton\u00eb, nj\u00eb sektor me \u201cp\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi komparative\u201d mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb sektori i teknologjis\u00eb informative apo i prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb po b\u00ebhen prioritete t\u00eb Qeveris\u00eb. Por, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, duhet t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb q\u00eb kjo qasje, edhe n\u00ebse rezulton e suksesshme, ka aspektet negative t\u00eb saj. Fokusimi i energjis\u00eb n\u00eb \u201cndonj\u00eb apo disa\u201d sektor\u00eb, pa diversifikuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e prodhimit dhe eksportit, i b\u00ebn ekonomit\u00eb e vogla shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme ndaj luhatjeve globale ekonomike.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRrug\u00ebdalja\u201d tjet\u00ebr e vendeve\/ekonomive t\u00eb vogla, mbetet proteksionizmi. Pra, Qeveria p\u00ebrmes politikave tregtare proteksioniste (vendosja e tarifave dhe kuotave), n\u00ebn nj\u00eb mbron prodhuesit vendor\u00eb, dhe si rezultat krijon kushte \u201ct\u00eb favorshme\u201d q\u00eb ata t\u00eb rriten dhe t\u00eb hapin vende t\u00eb reja pune. S\u00eb dyti, rregullon bilancin tregtar (duke ulur importin), dhe s\u00eb treti, potencialisht nxit rritjen e eksporteve. Dhe, kjo e gjitha ting\u00ebllon bukur, n\u00ebse ne shikojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm ekonomin\u00eb ton\u00eb, si t\u00eb izoluar dhe at\u00eb n\u00eb periudh\u00eb afat-shkurt\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Problemet q\u00eb kjo politik\u00eb (proteksionizmi) krijon, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb-dimensionale. E para, konsumator\u00ebt\/qytetar\u00ebt e vendit shum\u00eb shpejt\u00eb do t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb \u00e7mime m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr produkte dhe sh\u00ebrbime (rritja e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr produkte vendore dhe ulja e importit), e kjo ul standardin e jetes\u00ebs. E dyta, si rezultat i \u201cmbrojtjes\u201d, prodhuesit vendor\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb pak konkurrues dhe inovativ, sepse do t\u00eb akomodohen n\u00eb kushte \u201ct\u00eb favorshme\u201d dhe pa konkurrenc\u00eb. E treta, edhe vendet tjera do t\u00eb sillen ngjash\u00ebm, duke prezantuar politika mbrojt\u00ebse, dhe si rezultat mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr rritje t\u00eb eksportit eliminohet. Dhe, n\u00eb fund, \u00e7ka edhe ndodh\u00eb shum\u00eb shpesh nga \u201ckonflikti\u201d ekonomik kalohet n\u00eb \u201ckonflikt\u201d politik (kujtoni rastin me Maqedonin\u00eb).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tani p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrgjigjur n\u00eb pyetjet e hyrjes: si do t\u00eb dalim nga ky cik\u00ebl i vend-q\u00ebndrimit? Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb, asaj t\u00eb gjetjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsive komparative. Padyshim q\u00eb kjo rrug\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e gjat\u00eb dhe m\u00eb e mundimshme, e cila k\u00ebrkon investime n\u00eb shkollim dhe infrastruktur\u00eb, por garanton sukses n\u00eb afat-gjat\u00eb. Si do t\u00eb gjenerojm\u00eb vende pune? Krijimi i sektor\u00ebve konkurrues, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt eksportojn\u00eb produkte apo sh\u00ebrbime, padyshim q\u00eb do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb vende pune. Dhe, kur do t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb standardin evropian t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs? Pas pes\u00ebdhjet\u00eb viteve, dhe at\u00eb n\u00ebse arrijm\u00eb t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb rritje ekonomike t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme (afatgjate) prej 5% n\u00eb vit. Nivel t\u00eb cilin nuk e kemi arritur n\u00eb dhjet\u00eb vitet e fundit.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po shkruaj i inspiruar nga diskutimi i shpesht\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebhet lidhur me prospektet e rritjes ekonomike t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Apo, th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, t\u00eb ardhmen ekonomike t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb. Si do t\u00eb dalim nga ky cik\u00ebl i vend-q\u00ebndrimit? Si do t\u00eb gjenerojm\u00eb vende pune? Kur do t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb standardin evropian t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs? Dhe, m\u00eb duhet ta them […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":390,"featured_media":11082,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[384],"class_list":["post-426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion"],"authors":[{"term_id":384,"user_id":390,"is_guest":0,"slug":"alban-zogaj","display_name":"Alban Zogaj","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/alban_zogaj_foto.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/alban_zogaj_foto.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Zogaj","first_name":"Alban","description":"Alban Zogaj (PhD n\u00eb Ekonomiks) \u00ebsht\u00eb ekonomist n\u00eb ekipin e zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Sfid\u00ebs s\u00eb Mileniumit (Millennium Challenge Corporation). Albani ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet e magjistratur\u00ebs n\u00eb Universitetin Staffordshire n\u00eb Angli, kurse ka doktoruar n\u00eb Universitetin Politeknik t\u00eb Markes, Itali. Interesimet e tij jan\u00eb kryesisht politikat makroekonomike dhe zhvillimi ekonomik."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/390"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=426"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/426\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":428,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/426\/revisions\/428"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=426"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}