{"id":429,"date":"2015-08-20T09:24:40","date_gmt":"2015-08-20T09:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=429"},"modified":"2024-12-19T14:50:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T12:50:38","slug":"republika-3-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/republika-3-0\/","title":{"rendered":"Republika 3.0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L\u00ebvizja Vet\u00ebvendosje b\u00ebri mir\u00eb q\u00eb u tregua e v\u00ebmendshme ndaj m\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb historis\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare duke folur p\u00ebr “shtetin zhvillimor”. Por, ajo duket ta ket\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb duke l\u00ebn\u00eb\u00a0nj\u00eb element kryesor nga ky rr\u00ebfim. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve ku shteti zhvillimor u aplikua n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ai u b\u00eb i mundur vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes imponimit t\u00eb sistemit autokratik t\u00eb qeverisjes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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N\u00eb fushat\u00ebn e fundit p\u00ebr zgjedhjet parlamentare t\u00eb vitit 2014, nj\u00eb\u00a0nga partit\u00eb\u00a0opozitare nxori n\u00eb tregun politik iden\u00eb mbi \u201cshtetin zhvillimor\u201d si gurthemelin e platform\u00ebs s\u00eb vet politike. Nga L\u00ebvizja Vet\u00ebvendosje\u00a0at\u00ebbot\u00eb\u00a0u tha q\u00eb roli i shtetit ishte thelb\u00ebsor n\u00eb riq\u00ebndisjen e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb prapambetur ekonomike.<\/p>\n

U theksua shpesh\u00a0ideja se\u00a0n\u00eb kushtet e mbizot\u00ebrimit t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb ekstreme n\u00eb vend, roli shtetit duhej par\u00eb si lokomotiv\u00eb shtyt\u00ebse \u2013 dhe jo si\u00a0i\u00a0nj\u00eb spektatori inert.\u00a0Tek ne, ide t\u00eb tilla, t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuara si \u201cmajtiste\u201d,\u00a0sidomos nd\u00ebr analist\u00eb mediatik\u00eb,\u00a0shpeshher\u00eb ngjallin\u00a0mosp\u00ebrfillje e neveri.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, mbase p\u00ebr habin\u00eb e shum\u00ebkujt, arsyetimet m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme konceptuale mbi nevoj\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb shtetit n\u00eb ekonomi rrjedhin nga studiues t\u00eb njohur per\u00ebndimor\u00eb, nd\u00ebr ta edhe nobelist\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Alexander Gerschenkron, nj\u00eb historian ekonomik i njohur n\u00eb Harvard, n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ta krahasuar historin\u00eb e zhvillimit ekonomik t\u00eb vendeve ky\u00e7e evropiane gjat\u00eb shekullit 19, e nxori shtetin si akterin kryesor n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces. Madje, ai nxorri nj\u00eb konstatim t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb: niveli i prapambeturis\u00eb ekonomise ishte ky\u00e7 n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e\u00a0thell\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb shtetit.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse Britanis\u00eb i kishin mjaftuar\u00a0rrymat e tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u industrializuar, vendet si Franca, Gjermania e Rusia u\u00a0mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn\u00a0n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb shtetit.\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb e kuptueshme n\u00ebse shum\u00ebkush, n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ta relativizuar historin\u00eb, do t\u00eb mund t\u2019i shihte m\u00ebsimet nga ajo epok\u00eb si nj\u00eb \u201ckapsul\u00eb kohore\u201d \u2013 e cila s\u2019do gjente zbatim n\u00eb kushtet e sotme.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, shembulli i nj\u00eb vendi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, t\u00eb sapodal\u00eb nga Lufta Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore \u2013 pra, p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht, nj\u00eb shekull pas\u00a0periudh\u00ebs\u00a0s\u00eb\u00a0revolucionit industrial britanik \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Koreja e Jugut, e d\u00ebrrmuar nga okupimi i p\u00ebrgjaksh\u00ebm japonez, ishte vend krejt\u00ebsisht agrar n\u00eb vitin 1945, me tregues ekonomik\u00a0t\u00eb krahasuesh\u00ebm me pjes\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebra t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs. Por, n\u00eb pes\u00eb dekadat e ardhshme, ky vend arriti t\u00eb jet\u00ebsoj\u00eb nj\u00eb transformim spektakolar.<\/p>\n

Ky vend, sot, ka konglomerat\u00eb ekonomik\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb t\u00eb konkurrojn\u00eb me gjigant\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj per\u00ebndimor\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti i Samsung kundrejt Apple. N\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u2019u transformuar, ky vend nuk i ndoqi \u201crregullat e loj\u00ebs\u201d, sipas t\u00eb cilave \u201ctregu\u201d ishte i vetmi instrument zhvillimi.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse tregu atje luajti rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishem, ai ishte i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb korniz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb fuqishme shtet\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Atul Kohli, ekonomist politik n\u00eb Harvard, i referohet k\u00ebtij modeli zhvillimor si \u201ckapitaliz\u00ebm shtet\u00ebror\u201d, nd\u00ebrkaq Robert Wade, nga Shkolla Londineze e Ekonomis\u00eb, e quan at\u00eb \u201cqeverisje t\u00eb tregut\u201d. Nd\u00ebrkaq, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, literatura zhvillimore e cil\u00ebson k\u00ebt\u00eb model si \u201cshtetin zhvillimor\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ky lloj \u201cshteti\u201d u jet\u00ebsua kryesisht n\u00eb vendet e Azis\u00eb Lindore n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit 20, nd\u00ebrkaq thelbi i tij ishte mb\u00ebshtetja e sektorit privat p\u00ebrmes subvencioneve nga paraja publike.\u00a0Duke e aplikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb model, vendet si Korea e Jugut, por edhe \u201ctigrat [e tjer\u00eb] aziatik\u00eb\u201d, u transformuan nga shoq\u00ebri thell\u00ebsisht agrare n\u00eb lider\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb industrial\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb shumt\u00eb jan\u00eb ata q\u00eb e shohin mjetin e subvencionimit si nj\u00eb lloj \u201cblasfemie\u201d karshi postulateve t\u00eb \u201cekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut\u201d. Por, \u201cmodeli aziatiko-lindor\u201d i \u201ckapitalizmit shtet\u00ebror\u201d arriti t\u2019i tejkaloj\u00eb dobesit\u00eb strukturore t\u00eb modelit sovietik t\u00eb planifikimit centralist.<\/p>\n

Subvencionimi n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb shtetit zhvillimor n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Lindore funksionoi p\u00ebr shkak se ai ishte i kufizuar n\u00eb koh\u00eb, i kusht\u00ebzuar me performans\u00eb, si dhe \u2013 m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u2013 i kusht\u00ebzuar me eksportim.\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb mendohet q\u00eb \u201ctregu nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u201d t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb oreks p\u00ebr blerjen e produkteve bro\u00e7kulla t\u00eb tipit t\u00eb ekonomive centraliste t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, kusht\u00ebzimi i subvencionimit me p\u00ebrformans\u00eb eksportuese imponoi nj\u00eb lloj \u201cinstrumenti disiplinues\u201d tek sektori privat, t\u00eb cilit iu desh ta shfryt\u00ebzonte ndihm\u00ebn nga shteti n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb produkteve cil\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019iu kthyer kontekstit ton\u00eb vendor, L\u00ebvizja Vet\u00ebvendosje u tregua e v\u00ebmendshme ndaj\u00a0m\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme nga kjo histori mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse zhvillimore.\u00a0Thuajse e ngaz\u00ebllyer, ajo inkuadroi konceptin e \u201cshtetit zhvillimor\u201d si p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs qen\u00ebsor t\u00eb manifestos s\u00eb saj politike.<\/p>\n

Por, ajo duket ta ket\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb duke l\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb \u201charres\u00eb\u201d nj\u00eb element kryesor nga ky rr\u00ebfim i mahnitsh\u00ebm.\u00a0N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve ku \u201cshteti zhvillimor\u201d u aplikua, ai u b\u00eb i mundur\u00a0vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes imponimit t\u00eb sistemit autokratik t\u00eb qeverisjes.<\/p>\n

Ta z\u00ebm\u00eb, n\u00eb Koren\u00eb e Jugut, pushteti p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb disa dekadave t\u00eb gjysm\u00ebshekullit 20, ishte jo vet\u00ebm autokratik, por edhe i militarizuar\u00a0dhe\u00a0nuk hezitoi ta shtet\u00ebzoj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb sistemin e vet bankar.<\/p>\n

Sisteme t\u00eb tilla u instaluan edhe n\u00eb vendet e tjera si Indonezia dikur, apo Kina, e cila vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb e till\u00eb. Sistemi autokratik i qeverisjes u tregua t\u00eb jet\u00eb i aft\u00eb p\u00ebr evitimin e fragmentimit klientelist q\u00eb r\u00ebndom duket t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb vendet me sistem demokratik embrional.<\/p>\n

Sipas k\u00ebtyre m\u00ebsimeve historike, \u201cshteti zhvillimor\u201d, i cili u \u00e7imentua p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb Azis\u00eb Lindore n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebshekullin e kaluar, u b\u00eb i mundur vet\u00ebm p\u00ebmes pushtetit autokratik.\u00a0Mir\u00ebpo, n\u00eb kontekstin e sot\u00ebm evropian, riprodhimi i autokracis\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr ta jet\u00ebsuar \u201cshtetin zhvillimor\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb iluzion i parealizuesh\u00ebm \u2013 dhe i kushtuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Vendi yn\u00eb nuk disponon me ndonj\u00eb ndikim n\u00eb marr\u00ebdhniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr t\u2019i shtremb\u00ebruar rregullat e pranueshme t\u00eb loj\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat sot, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb kontinentin ton\u00eb, nuk l\u00ebn\u00eb hapesir\u00eb p\u00ebr sisteme t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 atyre demokratike.<\/p>\n

Ne duhet ta kuptojm\u00eb\u00a0pozit\u00ebn ton\u00eb periferike si nj\u00eb \u201ckonsumues rregullash\u201d, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb shkruar nga t\u00eb tjer\u00eb akter\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm.\u00a0Kosova nuk ka kapacitet t\u00eb jet\u00eb as \u201cshkel\u00ebse rregullash\u201d, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si kjo b\u00ebhet sot nga Kina apo Rusia, e l\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u201cshkrues rregullash\u201d, si\u00e7 at\u00eb akoma e b\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimi.<\/p>\n

Duke e kuptuar vog\u00eblsin\u00eb ton\u00eb relative n\u00eb rrafshin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, ne i hapim rrug\u00eb vet\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb taktizuar me politikat tona ekonomike n\u00eb menyr\u00eb m\u00eb racionale dhe pa kosto t\u00eb lart\u00eb politike.\u00a0K\u00ebsisoj, ne duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi ta ngrejm\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cshtet te men\u00e7ur\u201d dhe t\u00eb aplikojm\u00eb \u201cnd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb menqura\u201d ekonomike \u2013 t\u00eb cilat nuk l\u00ebkundin ankorimin ton\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor tek vlerat per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb shtetb\u00ebrjes.<\/p>\n

Kosova nuk e ka luksin q\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0riprodhoj\u00eb\u00a0ideologji\u00a0autokratike, t\u00eb cilat tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb anakronike p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb cep t\u00eb kontinentit.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e kuptueshme se si parti t\u00eb caktuara politike \u2013 n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb legjitime p\u00ebr t\u00ebrheqjen e votave dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb profilizimit ideologjik \u2013 p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsojn\u00eb m\u00ebsime nga e kaluara historike p\u00ebr t\u00eb riprodhuar suksesin e vendeve t\u00eb tjera.\u00a0Por, b\u00ebrja e saj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb selektive nga cilado parti \u00e7imenton iden\u00eb e t\u00eb qenit\u00a0populiz\u00ebm oportunist, i cili, her\u00ebdokur, do t\u00eb flaket n\u00eb sirtarin e historis\u00eb si nj\u00eb manipulim i cek\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00ebvizja Vet\u00ebvendosje b\u00ebri mir\u00eb q\u00eb u tregua e v\u00ebmendshme ndaj m\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb historis\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare duke folur p\u00ebr “shtetin zhvillimor”. Por, ajo duket ta ket\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb duke l\u00ebn\u00eb\u00a0nj\u00eb element kryesor nga ky rr\u00ebfim. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve ku shteti zhvillimor u aplikua n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ai u b\u00eb i mundur vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes imponimit t\u00eb sistemit autokratik […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":549,"featured_media":11399,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2126],"ppma_author":[2125],"class_list":["post-429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-shteti-zhvillimor"],"authors":[{"term_id":2125,"user_id":549,"is_guest":0,"slug":"artan-loxha","display_name":"Artan Loxha","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3d2a7764f839e63ce172b7bf98ae2f8dad8a005dc44ef1d66fe2e56eb7947ff6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Loxha","first_name":"Artan","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/549"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=429"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":430,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions\/430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}