{"id":4485,"date":"2021-08-12T12:02:04","date_gmt":"2021-08-12T10:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4485"},"modified":"2025-01-17T12:03:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T10:03:55","slug":"marredheniet-izrael-turqi-1980-2001-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/marredheniet-izrael-turqi-1980-2001-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Izrael-Turqi: 1980-2001 (III)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pse marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Turqi-Izrael vazhduan t\u00eb zhvillohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb vitet 80\u2019? P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb cilat ishin pikat ku u nd\u00ebrmor\u00ebn iniciativa t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta? Pse vitet 90\u2019 p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dy shteteve n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ishin nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb e rigjall\u00ebrimit dhe raporteve t\u00eb af\u00ebrta? N\u00eb cilat dimensione u zhvilluan k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie dhe pse me fillimin e mileniumit t\u00eb ri filloi nj\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsim? P\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pyetje dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 1980-2001 do t\u00eb trajtohen shkurtimisht n\u00eb rreshtat e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Vitet 80\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vitet 80\u2019 p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dy shteteve ishin vazhdim\u00ebsi e ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb viteve 70\u2019 dhe kjo p\u00ebr dy arsye kryesore: veprimet e nj\u00ebanshme t\u00eb Izraelit n\u00eb rajon dhe simpatia e opinionit publik turk ndaj Organizat\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00c7lirimit t\u00eb Palestin\u00ebs (O\u00c7P) dhe Intifad\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1987. Veprimet e nj\u00ebanshme t\u00eb Izraelit, si aneksimi i Jerusalemit Lindor dhe Lart\u00ebsive t\u00eb Golanit dhe vendosja e kolon\u00ebve hebrenj n\u00eb Sherian Per\u00ebndimore, t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuara si ilegale edhe nga OKB-ja, e kishin shqet\u00ebsuar Ankaran\u00eb zyrtare. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb shkak, Ankaraja kishte mbyllur konsullat\u00ebn n\u00eb Jerusalem dhe kishte degraduar nivelin e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit n\u00eb Ambasad\u00ebn n\u00eb Tel-Aviv n\u00eb sekretarin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0charge d’affaires-<\/em>it.<\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00eb pushtimin e Izraelit ndaj Libanit t\u00eb vitit 1982 Turqia i kishte d\u00ebnuar fuqish\u00ebm veprimet dhe masakrat e Izraelit karshi kampeve t\u00eb refugjat\u00ebve n\u00eb Sahra dhe Shatilla. Por, po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ngjarje di\u00e7ka e papritur kishte ndodhur. Organizatat terroriste si Ushtria Sekrete p\u00ebr \u00c7lirimin e Armenis\u00eb dhe Komandot e Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr Gjenocidin Armen kishin ngritur kampet e trajnimit n\u00eb Liban. Izraeli i kishte ftuar zyrtar\u00ebt turk p\u00ebr \u201cpastrimin\u201d e k\u00ebtyre militant\u00ebve. Turqia kishte pranuan dhe kishte realizuar operacione t\u00eb fshehta p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrimin e k\u00ebtyre kampeve. N\u00eb vitet 80\u2019 ky operacion i bashk\u00ebkoordinuar \u00ebsht\u00eb prej rasteve t\u00eb pakta t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit t\u00eb af\u00ebrt.<\/p>\n

Pas t\u00ebrheqjes nga Libani, O\u00c7P-ja kishte thirrur njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb mosd\u00ebgjim qytetar t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb territoret e okupuara t\u00eb Gaz\u00ebs dhe Sherias Per\u00ebndimore n\u00eb vitin 1987, e cila njihet si Intifada e Par\u00eb. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb pas m\u00eb 15 n\u00ebntor K\u00ebshilli Komb\u00ebtar Palestinez kishte shpallur pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e Palestin\u00ebs e cila u njoh menj\u00ebher\u00eb nga Turqia. Kjo n\u00ebnkuptonte q\u00eb Turqia po e vazhdonte politik\u00ebn pro-arabe n\u00eb regjion dhe se marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Izraelin po vazhdonin t\u00eb ishin me frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Megjithat\u00eb, raportet nuk u pren\u00eb dhe kishte bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb her\u00ebpashersh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Vitet 90\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte se edhe tensioni konstant me karakter ideologjik mes dy kampeve kishte p\u00ebrfunduar. Kampi i Kalt\u00ebr kapitalist n\u00eb krye me ShBA-t\u00eb kishte fituar kund\u00ebr Kampit t\u00eb Kuq komunist n\u00eb krye me BRSS-n\u00eb, teoricient\u00eb si Fukuyama kishin shpallur Fundin e Historis\u00eb dhe sistemi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar nga nj\u00eb bipolaritet armiq\u00ebsor, me shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e BRSS-s\u00eb, kishte kaluar n\u00eb unipolaritetin e ShBA-ve.<\/p>\n

Tashm\u00eb bota po ballafaqohej me nj\u00eb val\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb demokratizimit, kryesisht prezente n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, Turqia si nj\u00eb aleate e hershme e ShBA-ve kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces reformues me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb hapjes s\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn, reforma k\u00ebto t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuara si neoliberale.\u00a0 Izraeli, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, kishte hyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces paqeje me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e palestinez\u00ebve dhe, k\u00ebshtu, ishte krijuar nj\u00eb frym\u00eb e bashk\u00ebpunimit edhe me vendet e tjera.<\/p>\n

Vitet 90\u2019 p\u00ebr dy shtetet ishin vite t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit dhe rigjall\u00ebrimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve. Sipas studiuesit Ca\u011fr\u0131 Erhan mund\u00eb t\u00eb gjinden pes\u00eb arsye kryesore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rigjall\u00ebrim. E para, procesi i dialogut t\u00eb paqes mes Palestin\u00ebs dhe Izraelit i kishte rritur shpresat e paqes n\u00eb rajon. E dyta, presidenti \u00d6zal n\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e p\u00ebrpjekjes p\u00ebr t\u2019i ngritur marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me ShBA-t\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb ishte munduar ta siguronte mb\u00ebshtetjen e lobit hebre n\u00eb ShBA dhe, rrjedhimisht, Izraelit. E treta, bashk\u00ebpunimi mes Partis\u00eb Kurde t\u00eb Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve (PKK) dhe qeverive t\u00eb shteteve arabe e kishte shtyr\u00eb Turqin\u00eb n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Izraelin.<\/p>\n

E kat\u00ebrta, forcimi i forcave politike-partiake me prapavij\u00eb myslimane shihej si rrezik p\u00ebr iden\u00eb e laicizmit republikan turk dhe kjo e kishte shty Turqin\u00eb t\u00eb gjej nj\u00eb model t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit n\u00eb rajon q\u00eb e balancon k\u00ebt\u00eb forc\u00eb. Ky bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor ishte Izraeli. E fundit por m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, ShBA-t\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjen e tyre p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb rendi t\u00eb ri bot\u00ebror, kishin nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb rajonin e Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme t\u00eb kishin partner\u00eb dhe aleat\u00eb q\u00eb i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat vlera dhe q\u00eb kan\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim mes veti. Pa dyshim se k\u00ebto kritere n\u00eb rajon i plot\u00ebsonte vet\u00ebm Turqia dhe Izraeli.<\/p>\n

Ky gjall\u00ebrim i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve kishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb shum\u00eb sektor\u00eb dhe kishte filluar me vizitat zyrtare t\u00eb krer\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb dy shteteve. Mund t\u00eb thuhet se n\u00eb dy dimensione kishte bashk\u00ebpunim m\u00eb intensiv: n\u00eb dimensionin ushtarak dhe ekonomik. Marr\u00ebveshjet q\u00eb i hap\u00ebn rrug\u00eb k\u00ebtij bashk\u00ebpunimit\u00a0 t\u00eb ngjeshur ishin Marr\u00ebveshja Korniz\u00eb p\u00ebr Edukim dhe Bashk\u00ebpunim n\u00eb Fush\u00ebn Ushtarake e vitit 1996 dhe Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebr Tregti t\u00eb Lir\u00eb (MTL) e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit vit.<\/p>\n

Duke u bazuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen e par\u00eb u n\u00ebnshkruan edhe marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb tjera, Turqia e hapi hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn ajrore p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb edukimit ushtarak p\u00ebr Izraelin, u organizuan ushtrime t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta ushtarake dhe u shk\u00ebmbyen student e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb akademive ushtarake. Prej pikave m\u00eb n\u00eb z\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij bashk\u00ebpunimi ishte modernizimi i 54 aeroplan\u00ebve ushtarak turk F-4 n\u00eb vler\u00eb rreth 632.5 milion dollar\u00eb dhe 48 aeroplan\u00ebve F-5 n\u00eb vler\u00eb 75 milion dollar\u00eb nga Industria e Aeroplan\u00ebve t\u00eb Izraelit. Edhe Turqia i kishte shitur izraelit 40 automjete luftarake n\u00eb vler\u00eb 12 milion dollar\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, u organizuan edhe ushtrime ushtarake t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta si \u201cSirena e Besueshme\u201d n\u00eb detin Mesdhe n\u00eb vitin 1996 dhe ushtrime t\u00eb tjera m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb Egje dhe Marmara n\u00eb vitin 1999. Poashtu u zhvilluan edhe vizita t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjella mes zyrtar\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb ushtarak dhe politik.<\/p>\n

Intensiv ishte edhe bashk\u00ebpunimi ekonomik q\u00eb filloi me marr\u00ebveshjen ekonomike t\u00eb lart\u00ebp\u00ebrmendur, n\u00ebnshkrimi i t\u00eb cil\u00ebs ishte obligim p\u00ebr Turqin\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak q\u00eb ajo ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Unionit Doganor t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, pjes\u00eb e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ishte edhe Izraeli. MTL-ja kishte parapar\u00eb q\u00eb tarifat doganore mes dy shteteve deri n\u00eb vitin 2000 t\u00eb hiqeshin fare. K\u00ebshtu shk\u00ebmbimi tregtar mes dy shteteve q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1989 ishte 91 milion dollar\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1998 kishte arritur n\u00eb 800 milion dollar\u00eb. Tanim\u00eb, Izraeli eksportonte mall n\u00eb vler\u00eb 300 milion dollar\u00eb n\u00eb Turqi dhe importonte nga kjo mall n\u00eb vler\u00eb 580 milion dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1999. P\u00ebrpos tregtis\u00eb, kompanit\u00eb e dy shteteve kishin investuar n\u00eb shtetet e nj\u00ebri-tjetrit, numri i turist\u00ebve ishte rritur dhe bashk\u00ebpunimi kishte kaluar edhe n\u00eb dimensione kulturore dhe sportive.<\/p>\n

I gjith\u00eb ky bashk\u00ebpunim nuk mbeti pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re nga shtetet arabe dhe akter\u00ebt e brendsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Turqi. Ky afrim i madh me Izraelin ishte kritikuar p\u00ebr shkak q\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb devijim nga politika e jashtme e balancuar e Turqis\u00eb sa i p\u00ebrket rajonit. Ishte kund\u00ebrshtuar, si zakonisht, nga vendet arabe dhe ishte kritikuar ashp\u00ebr nga elementet myslimane brenda Turqis\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, ky bashk\u00ebpunim kishte vazhduar deri n\u00eb vitet 2000 ku filloi nj\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsim. Studiuesi K\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fco\u011flu p\u00ebrmend tre arsye p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsim.<\/p>\n

E para, Turqia kishte filluar t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb balancuar sa i p\u00ebrket rajonit duke iu kthyer bashk\u00ebpunimit me vendet arabe. E dyta, bashk\u00ebpunimi ushtarak mes dy vendeve kishte filluar t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet prej Turqis\u00eb me bashk\u00ebpunim me ShBA-t\u00eb. E treta, Intifada e dyt\u00eb e filluar n\u00eb tokat e pushtuara nga Izraeli ishte kthyer n\u00eb nj\u00eb tmerr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjaksh\u00ebm dhe Turqia, edhe pse n\u00eb fillim ishte munduar t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsonte, n\u00eb fund kishte kritikuar ashp\u00ebrsisht veprimet e Izraelit. Edhe pse Turqia ishte kthyer n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb balancuar, vizita e kryeministrit izraelit Ariel Sharon, i cil\u00ebsuar nga vendet arabe si \u201cMillosheviqi i Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme\u201d n\u00eb vitin 2001 n\u00eb Ankara, ishte kund\u00ebrshtuar ashp\u00ebr nga vendet arabe. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr kund\u00ebrshtimit, kjo vizit\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte q\u00eb Ankaraja ishte e interesuar t\u00eb vazhdonte bashk\u00ebpunimin me Izraelin por n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb balancuar.<\/p>\n

Vitet m\u00eb interesante, ndoshta, p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dy vendeve jan\u00eb pas vitit 2001 e deri m\u00eb sot. Bashk\u00ebpunim dhe p\u00ebrplasje, ftohje dhe ngrohje, tension dhe koordinim, r\u00ebnie dhe ngritje do t\u00eb jen\u00eb fjal\u00ebt ky\u00e7e p\u00ebr ti shpjeguar dhe kuptuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes Izraelit dhe Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb. Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet prej vitit 2001 e deri m\u00eb sot, si dhe nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00ebntemat e shkrimit t\u00eb radh\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb seri.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pse marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Turqi-Izrael vazhduan t\u00eb zhvillohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb vitet 80\u2019? P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb cilat ishin pikat ku u nd\u00ebrmor\u00ebn iniciativa t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta? Pse vitet 90\u2019 p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dy shteteve n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ishin nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb e rigjall\u00ebrimit dhe raporteve t\u00eb af\u00ebrta? N\u00eb cilat dimensione u zhvilluan k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie dhe pse me […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":12208,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1748,1639],"ppma_author":[48],"class_list":["post-4485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-izrael-turqi","tag-marredheniet"],"authors":[{"term_id":48,"user_id":37,"is_guest":0,"slug":"berat-buzhala","display_name":"Berat Buzhala","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-3-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-3-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Buzhala","first_name":"Berat","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4485"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12209,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4485\/revisions\/12209"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4485"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}