{"id":4495,"date":"2021-09-03T11:23:37","date_gmt":"2021-09-03T09:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4495"},"modified":"2024-10-29T12:22:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T10:22:47","slug":"mesimet-dhe-pasojat-e-afganistanit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/mesimet-dhe-pasojat-e-afganistanit\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00ebsimet dhe pasojat e Afganistanit"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Me t\u00ebrheqjen e trupave per\u00ebndimor\u00eb nga Afganistani \u00ebsht\u00eb diskutuar shum\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo t\u00ebrheqje dhe d\u00ebshtimi i shtetit afgan p\u00ebr vet\u00ebm disa dit\u00eb. Edhe pse kjo ishte di\u00e7ka e pritur, shpejt\u00ebsia e zhvillimeve i zuri t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb befasuar. K\u00ebtu do t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr arsyet pse ndodhi ky d\u00ebshtim aq shpejt, si dhe p\u00ebr pasojat e tij.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ngjashm\u00ebri me Kosov\u00ebn?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari do ta trajtoj \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e ngjashm\u00ebrive t\u00eb Afganistanit me Kosov\u00ebn, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur disa her\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb gabuar. Ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb ishin se regjimi i taleban\u00ebve edhe pse u mposht nuk u eliminua dhe ata u lejuan t\u00eb mbanin institucione paralele, si brenda vendit, ashtu edhe jasht\u00eb tij. Ngjashm\u00eb, regjimi i Millosheviqit ishte lejuar t\u00eb mbante institucione paralele n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe jasht\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto institucione paralele vazhdimisht kan\u00eb minuar shtet\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb problematike duke parandaluar integrimin nd\u00ebretnik dhe minuar integritetin e shtetit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Po ashtu, k\u00ebto institucione ishin financuar nga jasht\u00eb vazhdimisht, nga Serbia dhe nga Pakistani n\u00eb rastin e taleban\u00ebve. P\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj, Kosova m\u00eb shum\u00eb u ngjason shteteve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb pas-konfliktit si Bosnja, dhe shteteve n\u00eb transformim n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, sesa Afganistanit q\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb rast ekstrem i moszhvillimit dhe dob\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shtetit.<\/p>\n

Institucionet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga problemet kryesore me shtetin afgan ishin institucionet joefektive dhe t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme. N\u00eb ushtri kishte \u201cushtar\u00eb fantazma\u201d q\u00eb ishin listuar aty n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb komandant\u00ebt t\u2019i vidhnin pagat e tyre. Policia ishte jo institucion q\u00eb ndjek krimin, por mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr polic\u00ebt t\u00eb pasurohen p\u00ebrmes krimeve si shantazhi e kidnapimet.<\/p>\n

Institucionet nuk ishin efektive, sepse ishin t\u00eb g\u00ebrryera nga korrupsioni. Por problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb i madh. \u00cbsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen institucione efektive n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb paindustrializuar. S\u00eb pari \u00e7\u00ebshtje madhore jan\u00eb t\u00eb hyrat publike; p\u00ebr t\u2019i nd\u00ebrtuar institucionet e shtetit duhet financim. Problemi n\u00eb Afganistan ishte se shteti varej nga ndihmat e jashtme p\u00ebr financim, ku gjysma e t\u00eb hyrave ishin nga jasht\u00eb. Kjo nd\u00ebrlidhet me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen tjet\u00ebr tejet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, baz\u00ebn tatimore.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar t\u00eb hyra publike duhet t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb tatimore e mjaftueshme n\u00eb ekonomi. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet nje nivel i caktuar i industrializimit, sepse ekonomia paraindustriale nuk mund t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb t\u00eb hyra t\u00eb mjaftueshme. N\u00eb Afganistan shumica e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar\u00ebve ishin n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi dhe industria ishte e nivelit rudimentar, ku dominon prodhimi i qilimave dhe nuk ka sektor t\u00eb prodhimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e pamundur t\u00eb sigurohen t\u00eb hyra publike t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr ta mir\u00ebmbajtur nj\u00eb shtet modern.<\/p>\n

Pasojat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sigurisht se p\u00ebrfitues kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb trupave per\u00ebndimor\u00eb nga Afganistani jan\u00eb Pakistani, Kina dhe Rusia. Por asnj\u00ebri nga akter\u00ebt nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndahet i k\u00ebnaqur me pritjet e veta. P\u00ebrderisa Per\u00ebndimi shpreson n\u00eb stabilitet, shenjat e para jan\u00eb se edhe taleban\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb sjellin pacifikim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb Afganistanit, sidomos p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb Shtetit Islamik-Khorasan, por edhe grupeve t\u00eb tjera. Jostabilitati i mundsh\u00ebm paraqet rrezik t\u00eb drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb p\u00ebr Pakistanin dhe Kin\u00ebn. Kurse Rusia tashm\u00eb ka rritur ndikimin n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb frik\u00ebs s\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb rajonit nga taleban\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Frika p\u00ebr r\u00ebnien e reputacionit t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb ose mosangazhimit n\u00eb aren\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb e tepruar. T\u00ebrheqja ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb me vendimin e SHBA-s\u00eb dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb i liron resurset p\u00ebr angazhime n\u00eb zona t\u00eb tjera m\u00eb me interes. Kjo gjithashtu n\u00ebnkupton se ka nj\u00eb kthim t\u00eb gar\u00ebs mes fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, ku secila u kushton v\u00ebmendjeve zonave me interes strategjik p\u00ebr t\u00eb dhe asnj\u00ebra nuk provon t\u00eb jet\u00eb polic i bot\u00ebs. Pyetja relevante p\u00ebr neve \u00ebsht\u00eb si do t\u00eb manifestohet kjo gar\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor? A do t\u00eb ket\u00eb angazhim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb dhe BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i kund\u00ebrshtuar dep\u00ebrtimet e Rusis\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs?<\/p>\n

Kapacitetet evropiane<\/strong><\/p>\n

E nd\u00ebrlidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Evrop\u00ebs. Tashm\u00eb ka thirrje p\u00ebr forcimin e autonomis\u00eb strategjike t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs dhe zvog\u00eblimin e var\u00ebsis\u00eb ndaj SHBA-s\u00eb. Vet\u00eb t\u00ebrheqja nga Afganistani i ka shp\u00ebrfaqur mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs sa i p\u00ebrket rolit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ku pa infrastruktur\u00ebn amerikane evropian\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb kishin qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u2019i evakuonin qytetar\u00ebt e tyre. Kjo do t\u00eb duhej ishte alarmi i fundit p\u00ebr evropian\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u2019i forcuar kapacitetet e tyre p\u00ebr veprim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, pavar\u00ebsisht SHBA-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, tashm\u00eb ka precedent p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, sepse evropian\u00ebt kan\u00eb marr\u00eb rol m\u00eb aktiv n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor. P\u00ebr shembull, kur ka pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr rritje t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb trupave n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, at\u00eb e kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shtetet evropiane n\u00eb krye me Gjermanin\u00eb. Nj\u00eb NATO me dy krah\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm, ku secili \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb veproj\u00eb pavar\u00ebsisht nga tjetri, do ta fuqizonte pozit\u00ebn e per\u00ebndimit n\u00eb gar\u00ebn e re t\u00eb fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Sa u p\u00ebrket Ballkanit dhe Evrop\u00ebs Lindore, kjo do ta mund\u00ebsonte kund\u00ebrv\u00ebnien ndaj nd\u00ebrhyrjeve t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

M\u00ebsimet\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrvoja dydekad\u00ebshe e Afganistanit jep disa m\u00ebsime p\u00ebr shtetet n\u00eb tranzicion dhe ndihmat zhvillimore. S\u00eb pari duhet investuar n\u00eb krijimin e industris\u00eb vendore, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb tatimore t\u00eb mjaftueshme. K\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb investime t\u00eb brendshme, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb u duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb thirrje edhe donator\u00ebve q\u00eb investimet t\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Po ashtu, duhet forcuar efektiviteti i institucioneve p\u00ebrmes rritjes s\u00eb profesionalizmit dhe meritokracis\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb. P\u00ebr shtetet si Kosova, an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb NATO dhe forcimi i kapaciteteve mbrojt\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb imperative.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 v\u00ebrehet te konflikti mes Greqis\u00eb dhe Turqis\u00eb, vet\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb NATO nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb garancion se nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb f\u00ebrkime mes shteteve t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve. Mosmarr\u00ebveshjet mes k\u00ebtyre dy shteteve jan\u00eb shkaku pse t\u00eb dyja kan\u00eb investuar t\u00eb ken\u00eb ushtri t\u00eb fort\u00eb. Pastaj, zhvillimet e fundit ku shtetet angazhohen n\u00eb luft\u00eb hibride n\u00ebnkuptojn\u00eb q\u00eb edhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb NATO nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr siguri, sepse NATO aktivizon mbrojtjen kolektive (artikullin 5), vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rast t\u00eb sulmit klasik.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Me t\u00ebrheqjen e trupave per\u00ebndimor\u00eb nga Afganistani \u00ebsht\u00eb diskutuar shum\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo t\u00ebrheqje dhe d\u00ebshtimi i shtetit afgan p\u00ebr vet\u00ebm disa dit\u00eb. Edhe pse kjo ishte di\u00e7ka e pritur, shpejt\u00ebsia e zhvillimeve i zuri t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb befasuar. K\u00ebtu do t\u00eb flas p\u00ebr arsyet pse ndodhi ky d\u00ebshtim aq […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":8955,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[29],"class_list":["post-4495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion"],"authors":[{"term_id":29,"user_id":19,"is_guest":0,"slug":"seb-bytyci","display_name":"Seb Byty\u00e7i","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1668771566235.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Byty\u00e7i","first_name":"Seb","description":"Dr. Seb Bytyci ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse n\u00eb hulumtim shkencor dhe m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnie p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy dekada, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb angazhime me University of London\/LSE, University of York, University of Winchester, William College, IPOL Institute, si dhe Police Federation of England and Wales. Ai ka qen\u00eb gjithashtu i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb avokim praktik dhe ka bashk\u00ebpunuar me organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare si OKB, UNDP dhe OSBE.\r\n\r\nSeb ka doktoratur\u00eb (PhD) nga University of York; nj\u00eb Master n\u00eb Administrat\u00eb Publike (MPA) n\u00eb Analiz\u00eb Politikash dhe \u00c7\u00ebshtje Krahasuese & Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nga Indiana University (Bloomington), si dhe nj\u00eb MES n\u00eb Integrim Evropian dhe Rajonaliz\u00ebm nga University of Graz\/EIPA\/EURAC.\r\n\r\nHulumtimi i tij i doktoratur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb institucionet n\u00eb vende n\u00eb tranzicion, nd\u00ebrsa fushat e tij t\u00eb interesit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e institucioneve efektive dhe lidershipin, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e BE-s\u00eb dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, zgjidhjen e konflikteve, shtetin zhvillimor dhe proceset e transformimit shoq\u00ebror."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4495"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9248,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4495\/revisions\/9248"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4495"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}