{"id":4517,"date":"2021-09-10T11:20:32","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T09:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4517"},"modified":"2024-10-23T11:19:19","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T09:19:19","slug":"cka-na-shtyn-te-besojme-ne-genjeshtra-dhe-propaganda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/cka-na-shtyn-te-besojme-ne-genjeshtra-dhe-propaganda\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ka na shtyn t\u00eb besojm\u00eb n\u00eb g\u00ebnjeshtra dhe propaganda?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pse njer\u00ebzit besojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pav\u00ebrteta, komplote, thashetheme, trillime, madje edhe g\u00ebnjeshtra e marr\u00ebzi komplet t\u00eb zhveshura? P\u00ebr shembull q\u00eb vaksinat kund\u00ebr COVID-19 jan\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme dhe vdekjeprur\u00ebse, apo se ne kemi p\u00ebr ta pasur rritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb ekonomike n\u00eb Ballkan n\u00eb vitin 2021? Q\u00eb bota sundohet nga hardhucat ose gjakpir\u00ebsit pedofil\u00eb, q\u00eb disa kokrra t\u00eb kuqe, \u00e7aji jeshil, k\u00ebrci i peshkaqenit ose shikimi n\u00eb diell sh\u00ebrojn\u00eb kancerin dhe se planeti Tok\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjat\u00eb e shesht\u00eb, ani pse kjo e pav\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk besohej as n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb…<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pyetjet e tilla m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti u shp\u00ebrfaq\u00ebn pas p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb rrjeteve sociale, mediave dhe shoq\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tyre me lajme t\u00eb rreme, edhe pse vet\u00eb pyetja si e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq e vjet\u00ebr sa vet\u00eb filozofia. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigja m\u00eb e popullarizuar p\u00ebr to \u00ebsht\u00eb: ne besojm\u00eb n\u00eb g\u00ebnjeshtra p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb injoranc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Para-sokratik\u00ebt, si Parmenidi, ishin ata t\u00eb cil\u00ebt qysh n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi dalluan Shtegun e s\u00eb V\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, mir\u00ebpo gjithashtu dalluan edhe Rrug\u00ebn e Opinionit, rrug\u00eb kjo e cila p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga besimet e kota t\u00eb vdekatar\u00ebve t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. Sipas tyre, thelbi i zhvillimit personal dhe kozmik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj udh\u00ebtimi ose p\u00ebrparimi nga injoranca (opinioni) mortor n\u00eb njohuri t\u00eb pavdekshme. Nd\u00ebrsa, sipas Sokratit, askush nuk b\u00ebn me d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb keqen dhe t\u00eb mbrapsht\u00ebn. Edhe n\u00eb rast se kryejm\u00eb ndonj\u00eb veprim amoral, kjo ndodh sepse nuk kemi njohuri t\u00eb mjaftueshme. Pra, p\u00ebrfundimisht, injoranca e p\u00ebrhapur \u00ebsht\u00eb armiku kryesor n\u00eb luft\u00eb me g\u00ebnjeshtrat.<\/p>\n

E duket se krejt \u00e7ka nevojitet \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb vet\u00ebdijesim, edukime t\u00eb ndryshme dhe nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsim. Si p\u00ebr shembull m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebshmi shkencore mbi funksionimin dhe efektivitetin e vaksinave, madje edhe deri te d\u00ebshmia se planeti Tok\u00eb ka form\u00ebn e topit. Sot mund t\u00eb shohim shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb rrjetet e tyre sociale, me mir\u00ebbesim (deri n\u00eb naivitet) p\u00ebrpiqen ta iluminojn\u00eb popullat\u00ebn, duke shpjeguar gj\u00ebra t\u00eb cilat na kan\u00eb kaluar pav\u00ebrejtsh\u00ebm, e nga ana tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb po kjo popullat\u00eb e cila i konsideron ata arrogant\u00eb ose\/edhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00eb n\u00eb komplot.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pedagogji e till\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse krijoi dhe vazhdon ta p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb thelbin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebs s\u00eb Iluminizmit. Njeriu, sigurisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb qenie racionale (a s\u2019e kemi quajtur ne vetveten ton\u00eb sapiens?!) dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00eb drejt p\u00ebrparimit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm nga err\u00ebsira injorante. K\u00ebshtu pra, n\u00ebse besojm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pav\u00ebrtetat ne nuk kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb aq sa duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00ebse besojm\u00eb n\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb rreme, jemi thjesht injorant\u00eb ose budallenj.<\/p>\n

E, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb shekullin XX, na shfaqet edhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetjen ton\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Sipas k\u00ebsaj p\u00ebrgjigjeje, ne besojm\u00eb n\u00eb g\u00ebnjeshtra p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb manipulimit, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht propagand\u00ebs. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb tashm\u00eb e dim\u00eb se mediat duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb bart\u00ebse t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb pavarura dhe objektive, nd\u00ebrkaq q\u00eb jemi d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb se shumica e tyre jan\u00eb sh\u00ebndrruar n\u00eb institucione t\u00eb fuqishme ideologjike q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb interes t\u00eb disa elitave politike dhe ekonomike, e q\u00eb si p\u00ebrfundim na mashtrojn\u00eb dhe na g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb apo at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb. S\u00eb bashku me George Orwellin n\u00eb \u201c1984\u201d e\u00a0 kund\u00ebr Parmeneidit ose Sokratit, ky q\u00ebndrim n\u00eb lidhje me manipulimin dhe propagand\u00ebn e mediave si burim i besimit ton\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pav\u00ebrtet\u00ebn mbrohet nga nj\u00eb mendimtar tjet\u00ebr i kategoris\u00eb s\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb \u2013 Naom Chomsky.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, diktator\u00ebt, demagog\u00ebt dhe propagandist\u00ebt gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb manipuluar publikun dhe kan\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur g\u00ebnjeshtra, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb konfliktet shoq\u00ebrore dhe t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Pothuajse \u00e7do masakre etnike i ka paraprir\u00eb p\u00ebrhapja e thashethemeve. Madje, sipas nj\u00eb sondazhi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb mediave dhe opinionit publik gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Gjirit (1991), ata individ\u00eb q\u00eb shikuan m\u00eb shum\u00eb lajme p\u00ebr at\u00eb luft\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dinin m\u00eb pak p\u00ebr faktet themelore n\u00eb lidhje me Lindjen e Mesme ose marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet SHBA\u2013Irak. M\u00eb shum\u00eb shikim i\u00a0 televizionit do t\u00eb thoshte m\u00eb pak njohuri. Pra, propaganda e p\u00ebrhapur \u00ebsht\u00eb armiku yn\u00eb kryesor n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr g\u00ebnjeshtrave. Dhe gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb nevojitet jan\u00eb media m\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura, objektive dhe t\u00eb lira.<\/p>\n

Ndryshe nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e lartp\u00ebrmendur t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb iluminojn\u00eb audienc\u00ebn me dituri p\u00ebrmes rrjeteve sociale personale, fokusi i \u00e7lirimit t\u00eb mediave padyshim \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr strategjit\u00eb e opozitave politike n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme, e posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor. E, megjithat\u00eb, rrjetet sociale pothuajse periodikisht v\u00ebrshohen nga shp\u00ebrndarja e vazhdueshme e t\u00eb ashtuquajturave \u201cDhjet\u00eb strategjit\u00eb e manipulimit mediatik t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve\u201d, ku hyjn\u00eb t\u00ebrheqja e v\u00ebmendjes, krijimi i problemeve, zgjimi i emocioneve… etj., p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat dyshohet se jan\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur dhe studiuar nga Chomsky.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00eb kontestin e ngjarjeve historiko\u2013ironike, lista apo teksti i lartp\u00ebrmendur \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr, mashtrim, manipulim, dezinformat\u00eb apo lajm i rrem\u00eb. Chomsky nuk e ka shkruar kurr\u00eb at\u00eb, e megjithat\u00eb ajo shfaqet vazhdimisht si studim i tij qysh prej vitit 2010 n\u00eb gati 81,2000.000 faqe n\u00eb Google.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebse ne besojm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pav\u00ebrteta, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb se jemi t\u00eb paarsimuar, injorant\u00eb apo budallenj, por pasoj\u00eb e mashtrimit dhe verbimit nga mediat. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00ebse besojm\u00eb n\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb rreme thjesht jemi t\u00eb g\u00ebnjyer.<\/p>\n

E tash kush ka t\u00eb drejt\u00eb? Parmeneidi dhe Sokrati, apo Orwelli dhe Chomsky? Kush sakt\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb fajtor p\u00ebr prirjet tona kronike mendore dhe shoq\u00ebrore drejt t\u00eb pav\u00ebrtetave politike dhe g\u00ebnjeshtrave shoq\u00ebrore? Edukimi yn\u00eb i tmerrsh\u00ebm? Shkolla dhe kolegjet, apo gazetat, televizioni dhe interneti? P\u00ebrgjigjja p\u00ebr pyetjet tona kruciale p\u00ebr zhvillimin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb me gjas\u00eb q\u00ebndron n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend krejt\u00ebsisht tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Psikolog\u00ebt njoh\u00ebs t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fushe e quajn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb p\u00ebr arsyetim t\u00eb motivuar nga besimi, i cili n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb universale njer\u00ebzore p\u00ebr t\u2019i nxjerr\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ato p\u00ebrfundime q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb favorin ton\u00eb. Ta p\u00ebrpunojm\u00eb informacionin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet me besimet dhe paragjykimet tona t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, si dhe t\u00eb refuzojm\u00eb me leht\u00ebsi informacionin negativ q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me sjelljen ton\u00eb ose imazhin ton\u00eb p\u00ebr veten.<\/p>\n

Eksperimentet ishin t\u00eb zymta dhe t\u00eb err\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, tifoz\u00ebt do t\u00eb motivohen t\u00eb besojn\u00eb se gjyqtari i ndeshjes d\u00ebmtoi ekipin e tyre. Duhanpir\u00ebsit kan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb besojn\u00eb se cigaret shkaktojn\u00eb kancer t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive. Sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit e vegj\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb mes\u00ebm jan\u00eb t\u00eb motivuar t\u00eb mbivler\u00ebsojn\u00eb probabilitetin e suksesit n\u00eb biznesin e tyre. Pra, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb jemi logjik\u00eb dhe kritik\u00eb, ne zakonisht arsyetojm\u00eb sipas motivimit. Ne shohim dhe d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb duam t\u00eb shohim dhe d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, n\u00ebse besojm\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pav\u00ebrtetat \u00ebsht\u00eb sepse ne duam t\u00eb besojm\u00eb n\u00eb ato t\u00eb pav\u00ebrteta. Pra, ne jemi armiqt\u00eb tan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqij n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr g\u00ebnjeshtrave. Ne m\u00eb par\u00eb preferojm\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb ose shtremb\u00ebrojm\u00eb informacionin dhe t\u00eb mbyllim syt\u00eb nga e v\u00ebrteta apo fakti, sesa t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb opinionin dhe sjelljen ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ironikisht, Hegeli kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00eb. N\u00ebse filozofia jon\u00eb personale nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me faktet, aq m\u00eb keq p\u00ebr faktet. Shto k\u00ebtu edhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb pafundm\u00eb t\u00eb internetit n\u00eb xhepin ton\u00eb, me an\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb drit\u00ebs do t\u2019i gjejm\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht q\u00ebndrimet t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrputhen me mendimin, vlerat dhe sjelljen ton\u00eb. Bile edhe n\u00ebse jemi pak t\u00eb prir\u00eb t\u00eb anojm\u00eb nga ana se Toka \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrafsh\u00ebt apo se bota sundohet nga hardhucat, do t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb fakte q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb bindjes s\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kjo pra \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse njer\u00ebzit vazhdimisht refuzojn\u00eb d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e ngrohjes globale, t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb mbajtjes s\u00eb maskave dhe distanc\u00ebs sociale n\u00eb nj\u00eb epidemi. E si ka mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb jet\u00eb lajm i rrem\u00eb, kur thot\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn q\u00eb ne mendojm\u00eb dhe besojm\u00eb? Ne do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr ta ruajtur nj\u00eb lloj komoditeti dhe rehatie fizike dhe mendore, si dhe nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb vetes dhe bot\u00ebs p\u00ebrreth nesh. Ve\u00e7se besimi n\u00eb jasht\u00ebtok\u00ebsor\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pakrahasuesh\u00ebm m\u00eb pak i rreziksh\u00ebm n\u00eb krahasim me besimin se vaksinat jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rrezik shum\u00ebfish m\u00eb t\u00eb madh.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht, ne besojm\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb g\u00ebnjeshtra sepse ato na b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb ndihemi mir\u00eb e m\u00eb mir\u00eb me veten ton\u00eb. Madje, mund t\u00eb besojm\u00eb edhe n\u00eb gj\u00ebrat m\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7mendura po qe se ato i p\u00ebrshtaten bindjes son\u00eb dhe \u201cgrupit\u201d t\u00eb cilit i takojm\u00eb. Dhe si z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb po k\u00ebtij \u201cgrupi\u201d amator do t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb justifikime (madje edhe duke falur veten ton\u00eb) p\u00ebr mosbindje, dashakeq\u00ebsi e madje edhe p\u00ebr krim.<\/p>\n

Pra, jan\u00eb dy paradigma dhe hipoteza t\u00eb cilat mund ta sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb dhe zgjidhin pyetjen esenc\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kolumne \u2013 ajo e lashta p\u00ebr injoranc\u00ebn njer\u00ebzore (Parmeneidi\u2013Sokrati) dhe ajo moderne p\u00ebr manipulimin mediatik (Orwell\u2013Chomsky). Por, me shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb, tani p\u00ebr tani po dominon paradigma p\u00ebr mendjen e korruptuar njer\u00ebzore, e cila shp\u00ebrfaq prirjen drejt t\u00eb pav\u00ebrtet\u00ebs vet\u00ebm se thjesht jemi t\u00eb motivuar t\u00eb besojm\u00eb sipas \u201cgrupit\u201d t\u00eb cilit mendojm\u00eb se i p\u00ebrkasim.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb se e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se propaganda dhe injoranca jan\u00eb fajtore, por kur vet\u00eb zgjedhim me vet\u00ebdije t\u00eb besojm\u00eb n\u00eb g\u00ebnjeshtra jemi fajtor vet\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pse njer\u00ebzit besojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pav\u00ebrteta, komplote, thashetheme, trillime, madje edhe g\u00ebnjeshtra e marr\u00ebzi komplet t\u00eb zhveshura? P\u00ebr shembull q\u00eb vaksinat kund\u00ebr COVID-19 jan\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme dhe vdekjeprur\u00ebse, apo se ne kemi p\u00ebr ta pasur rritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb ekonomike n\u00eb Ballkan n\u00eb vitin 2021? Q\u00eb bota sundohet nga hardhucat ose gjakpir\u00ebsit pedofil\u00eb, q\u00eb disa […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":503,"featured_media":8904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1402,1483],"ppma_author":[1327],"class_list":["post-4517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-fake-news","tag-propaganda"],"authors":[{"term_id":1327,"user_id":503,"is_guest":0,"slug":"ardita-dushi","display_name":"Ardita Dushi","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1d4b8e432bf1446028f09c22e055718369d0f60936b8129cd14ae40b8135c1ab?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Dushi","first_name":"Ardita","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/503"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4517"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8921,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4517\/revisions\/8921"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4517"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}