{"id":4545,"date":"2021-07-09T10:19:44","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T08:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4545"},"modified":"2024-10-23T10:55:35","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T08:55:35","slug":"metodat-e-luftimit-te-lajmeve-te-rreme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/metodat-e-luftimit-te-lajmeve-te-rreme\/","title":{"rendered":"Metodat e luftimit t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Para ardhjes n\u00eb sken\u00eb t\u00eb internetit dhe rrjeteve sociale, lajmet n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr disa mekanizma kontrollues, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb editor\u00ebt profesional\u00eb, para se t\u2019i servohen publikut. Sot, kur p\u00ebrdoruesit e internetit nga modi pasiv i konsumimit t\u00eb informatave marrin pjes\u00eb aktive n\u00eb krijimin e kontentit, nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikisht e pamundur. Si rezultat, n\u00eb internet qarkullojn\u00eb pafund lajme t\u00eb rreme e teori konspirative t\u00eb cilat fatkeq\u00ebsisht, marrin m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje se lajmet e v\u00ebrteta. Kjo situat\u00eb ka alarmuar qarqet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn urgjente q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerren masa p\u00ebr adresimin dhe zbutjen e k\u00ebtij problemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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1. PROCESI I VERIFIKIMIT T\u00cb FAKTEVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr qasjet m\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb luftimit t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme \u00ebsht\u00eb shtimi i kapaciteteve n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e verifikimit t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lajmeve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, vijn\u00eb n\u00eb shprehje dy metoda kryesore:<\/p>\n

1. Metodat q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb intervenime njer\u00ebzore<\/p>\n

2. Metodat automatike t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb algoritme. [10<\/a>]<\/p>\n

1.1 Intervenimet njer\u00ebzore<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kategori, procesin e verifikimit t\u00eb lajmeve e b\u00ebjn\u00eb vet\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, si pjes\u00eb e insiticioneve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta q\u00eb njihen me em\u00ebrtimin \u201cfact checkers\u201d (verifikues t\u00eb fakteve). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm mund t\u00eb luajn\u00eb edhe vet\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit e rrjeteve sociale, duke i raportuar postet ose faqet me p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb. Analizimi i sinjaleve t\u00eb d\u00ebrguara nga p\u00ebrdoruesit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb e re e disa rrjeteve sociale, pas presionit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm publik p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjen e masave kund\u00ebr lajmeve t\u00eb rreme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb Facebook, n\u00eb partneritet me Rrjetin Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Verifikimit t\u00eb Fakteve (IFCN), postet e raportuara nga p\u00ebrdoruesit, i p\u00ebrcjell p\u00ebr verifikim tek pal\u00ebt e treta, sic jane Washington Post, Snopes.com etj. [32<\/a>] Si rezultat i k\u00ebtij procesi kontrollues, postet me p\u00ebrmbajtje jo t\u00eb sakt\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb pak t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb platform\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdoruesve u t\u00ebrhiqet v\u00ebrejtja para se t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen e tyre, ngjajsh\u00ebm si n\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Image\"<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Figura 1.<\/strong>\u00a0Mesazhi q\u00eb i informon p\u00ebrdoruesit e Facebook n\u00eb SHBA se kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me lajm t\u00eb rrem\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ky opsion, edhepse \u00e7do dit\u00eb po p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete n\u00ebn ombrell\u00ebn e vet, ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Facebook n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb metodologji t\u00eb ngjajshme, bazohet edhe qasja e gazet\u00ebs s\u00eb njohur franceze \u201cLe Monde\u201d. Nj\u00ebsia e saj p\u00ebr luftimin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme \u201cThe Decoders\u201d kan\u00eb zhvilluar web ekstenzionin e ashtuquajtur \u201cDekodex\u201d, i cili fillimisht nd\u00ebrlidhet me nj\u00eb databaz\u00eb ku b\u00ebhet klasifikimi i web faqeve n\u00eb: \u201ct\u00eb v\u00ebrteta\u201d,\u201d t\u00eb rreme\u201d dhe \u201csatirike\u201d. [31<\/a>] Me instalimin e k\u00ebtij ekstenzioni n\u00eb browser, lexuesi francez informohet me pop-up n\u00ebse faqja q\u00eb ka hapur n\u00eb internet cil\u00ebsohet si e rreme apo e zhanrit satirik. Kjo zgjidhje nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb perfekte p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00ebanshm\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb reflektohet nga personat q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e web faqeve e q\u00eb n\u00eb rastin konkret jan\u00eb staf i nj\u00eb gazete t\u00eb qendr\u00ebs s\u00eb majt\u00eb; sidoqoft\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb veg\u00ebl e mir\u00eb e cila iu ndihmon lexuesve t\u00eb interesuar t\u00eb vet\u00ebdij\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr fenomenin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme gjat\u00eb lundrimit n\u00eb internet.<\/p>\n

1.2 P\u00ebrdorimi i algoritmeve:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edhepse algoritmet bartin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb barr\u00ebs s\u00eb fajit n\u00eb domenin e p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme, shum\u00eb studjues jan\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se t\u00eb njejtat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren edhe p\u00ebr luftimin e tyre. [32<\/a>] N\u00eb bot\u00eb gjenerohen p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht nj\u00eb trilion poste n\u00eb sekond, kryesisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes platformave online si Facebook dhe Twitter, [2<\/a>] prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb se e qart\u00eb se p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr verifikimin e k\u00ebtij oqeani pafund t\u00eb informatave nuk mund t\u00eb bazohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb resurse njer\u00ebzore. Ekzistojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ser\u00eb hulumtimesh shkencore q\u00eb analizojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e ndryshme t\u00eb detektimit automatik t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme duke u bazuar n\u00eb algoritme. Var\u00ebsisht prej karakteristikave q\u00eb analizojn\u00eb, k\u00ebto algoritme ndahen n\u00eb dy grupe:\u00a0 algoritmet e bazuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje dhe\u00a0 algoritmet e bazuar n\u00eb rrjet ose dinamik\u00ebn e p\u00ebrhapjes. [34<\/a>]<\/p>\n

a<\/strong>. Nga vet\u00eb em\u00ebrtimi po n\u00ebnkuptohet se ky grup i algoritmeve fokusohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen specifike t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme si\u00e7 jan\u00eb: titujt senzacional\u00eb me tone emocionale, diskrepanca mes titullit dhe tekstit, gjuha e p\u00ebrdorur, verifikimi i burimit t\u00eb lajmit dhe krahasimi i tij me burimet tjera etj.<\/p>\n

b<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/strong>Algoritmet e bazuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje nuk japin rezultate t\u00eb mira kur lajmi q\u00eb duhet analizuar p\u00ebrmban\u00eb shum\u00eb pak tekst. [40<\/a>] N\u00eb k\u00ebto raste kan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi algoritmet e bazuar n\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb lajmit n\u00eb vetvete, duke u fokusuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb tij. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur se lajmet e rreme karakterizohen nga trungje specifike t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes dhe se ato shkojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb larg se lajmet e v\u00ebrteta, duke nxitur shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues n\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e tyre.<\/p>\n

Metodat automatike p\u00ebr detektimin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi n\u00eb faz\u00ebn fillestare t\u00eb aplikimit n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2019, p\u00ebrmes sistemit algoritmik \u201cDeep Entity Classification\u201d, Facebook ka arritur t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb me miliarda llogari t\u00eb rrejshme n\u00eb platform\u00ebn e vet, duke e zvog\u00ebluar k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb 5% raportin e tyre me p\u00ebrdoruesit mujor\u00eb aktiv\u00eb. [54<\/a>] Ky sistem algoritmesh t\u00eb sofistikuara e analizon sjelljen e secil\u00ebs llogari n\u00eb nivel t\u00eb rrjetit \u00a0(jo n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb te izoluar), duke qen\u00eb se kjo pasqyr\u00eb e p\u00ebrdoruesve \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb manipulohet. [55<\/a>]<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 bllokimit t\u00eb llogarive t\u00eb rrejshme, algoritmet po p\u00ebrdoren edhe p\u00ebr identifikimin e duplikateve t\u00eb storieve q\u00eb jan\u00eb markuar nj\u00eb her\u00eb si t\u00eb rrejshme nga rrjeti IFCN. Si shembull mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet rasti i nj\u00eb lajmi t\u00eb markuar si i rrem\u00eb nga verifikuesit e fakteve n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb detektuar automatikisht edhe n\u00eb 20 domene dhe 1400 veg\u00ebza tjera q\u00eb pohonin t\u00eb njejt\u00ebn gj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje. [51<\/a>] Kjo qasje parandalon angazhimin shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbyllura dhe rrit duksh\u00ebm efikasitetin e shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb burimeve njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr rezultat konkret i rrjeteve sociale n\u00eb luftimin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme konsiderohet edhe m\u00ebnyra e trajtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb lajmi t\u00eb rrem\u00eb p\u00ebr Hunter Biden (djalin e presidentit aktual t\u00eb SHBA-ve) gjat\u00eb kampanj\u00ebs zgjedhore t\u00eb vitit 2020. Brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr pas publikimit t\u00eb tij n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn amerikane \u201cNew York Post\u201d, Facebook e kufizon p\u00ebrhapjen e tij n\u00eb platform\u00eb deri sa \u201cfactcheckers\u201d merren me verifikimin e lajmit, nd\u00ebrsa Twitter merr masa m\u00eb radikale, me \u00e7\u2019rast jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb e largon artikullin nga platforma e vet por edhe i bllokon p\u00ebrdoruesit q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen e tij.<\/p>\n

[50<\/a>] T\u00eb dyja qasjet marrin kritika t\u00eb ashpra nga kampi i republikan\u00ebve si metoda fashiste t\u00eb censurimit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe favorizimit t\u00eb demokrat\u00ebve. K\u00ebto deklarata edhepse t\u00eb tepruara, p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb n\u00eb vete di\u00e7ka t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Facebook\/Twitter me k\u00ebt\u00eb veprim n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre e kan\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar se kur duan, mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin masa konkrete n\u00eb luftimin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme dhe se n\u00eb disa raste tjera t\u00eb ngjajshjme, ky vullnet iu mungon. Kjo situat\u00eb ka krijuar kushte p\u00ebr operimin e disa trupave t\u00eb pavarur nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb llogari dhe transparenc\u00eb nga platformat e mediave sociale n\u00eb aspektin e p\u00ebrpjekjeve q\u00eb po b\u00ebjn\u00eb n\u00eb rrafshin e luftimit t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, bashkepunimi me IFCN dhe publikimi i raporteve mujore po konsiderohet si hap pozitiv n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. [52<\/a>]<\/p>\n

1.3 Procesi i verifikimit t\u00eb fakteve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb shtetet shqiptare ekzistojn\u00eb dy organizata t\u00eb \u00e7ertifikuara q\u00eb merren me verifikimin e fakteve, e ato jan\u00eb \u201cKrypometri\u201d n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe \u201cFaktoje” n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Procesi i \u00e7ertifikimit n\u00eb IFCN k\u00ebrkon plot\u00ebsimin e nj\u00eb ser\u00eb standardesh: p\u00ebrve\u00e7 raportimit t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb fakte dhe t\u00eb pandikuar politikisht, IFCN k\u00ebrkon edhe b\u00ebrjen publike t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha informatave rreth organizat\u00ebs, pun\u00ebtoreve dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb financimit. Krypometri si pjes\u00eb e platform\u00ebs s\u00eb lajmeve \u201cKallxo.com\u201d, b\u00ebn verifikimin e sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb deklaratave t\u00eb figurave publike lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe lokale, qendrore apo nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. [42<\/a>] Kjo veprimtari luan rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb rritjen e llogaridh\u00ebnies p\u00ebr deklaratat publike, mir\u00ebpo adreson vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ekosistemit kompleks t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 zgjerimit t\u00eb fush\u00ebveprimit nga \u201cfactcheckers\u201d ekzistues e pse jo edhe rritjes s\u00eb numrit t\u00eb organizatave q\u00eb merren me k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb, n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr lajmeve t\u00eb rreme \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb angazhohen edhe student\u00eb e ekspert\u00eb t\u00eb shkencave kompjuterike. Bashk\u00ebpunimi i verifikuesve t\u00eb fakteve me ekspert\u00eb t\u00eb programimit (e q\u00eb fatmir\u00ebsisht n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kemi mjaft) do t\u00eb mund t\u2019iu lehtesonte dhe p\u00ebrshpejtonte atyre pun\u00ebn n\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte.<\/p>\n

2. TRAJTIMI I LAJMEVE T\u00cb RREME N\u00cb KUAD\u00cbR T\u00cb KORNIZ\u00cbS LIGJORE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rritja e numrit t\u00eb kanaleve televizive, radio stacioneve dhe portaleve t\u00eb lajmeve n\u00eb internet, iu ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb njer\u00ebzve mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e zgjedhjes, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pyetje m\u00ebnyra e informimit. Studimet tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte t\u00eb reja me shum\u00eb opsione, njer\u00ebzit i n\u00ebnshtrohen \u201cekspozimit selektiv\u201d, me \u00e7\u2019rast shumica vendosin t\u2019i anashkalojne burimet e pavaruara e profesionale dhe t\u00eb informohen nga mediumet me mend\u00ebsi t\u00eb njejt\u00eb. [46<\/a>]\u00a0 Edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, kemi shum\u00eb portale q\u00eb japin nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb selektive t\u00eb realitetit dhe nuk i kursejn\u00eb lajmet e rreme per t\u2019i sulmuar kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt, mir\u00ebpo njer\u00ebzit i p\u00eblqejn\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se iu p\u00ebrforcojn\u00eb bindjet individuale. Ky realitet e per\u00e7an domenin e informimit n\u00eb dhoma t\u00eb izoluara (echo chambers) ku jehon vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebra an\u00eb e argumentit dhe njer\u00ebzit bijn\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht pre e dezinformatave. Kjo situat\u00eb i kontribuon edhe m\u00eb tutje polarizimit t\u00eb skajsh\u00ebm t\u00eb shoqeris\u00eb dhe paraqet rrezik serioz p\u00ebr demokracin\u00eb. [19<\/a>]<\/p>\n

Disa shtete n\u00eb bot\u00eb kan\u00eb tentuar ta adresojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb problem p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebve ligjore, me \u00e7\u2019rast \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb pronar\u00ebt e portaleve t\u00eb marrin pergjegj\u00ebsi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbajtjet q\u00eb i publikojn\u00eb n\u00eb internet [32<\/a>]. N\u00eb disa raste ekstreme, shpifjet ndodh\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebsohen si vepra t\u00eb d\u00ebnueshme me para ose edhe si vepra penale. Sidoqoft\u00eb, kjo qasje ka hasur n\u00eb kritika t\u00eb shumta nga aktivist\u00ebt e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut, sepse krijon hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr keqp\u00ebrdorim nd\u00ebrsa prodhon shum\u00eb pak efekt n\u00eb luftimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb problemit. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Turqi, Kin\u00eb, Rusi e Egjipt, kemi shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb burgosjes s\u00eb gazetar\u00ebve apo aktivist\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb luftimit t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme.<\/p>\n

[43<\/a>] Natyra komplekse e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme l\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr definicione ambiguoze t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb keqp\u00ebrdoren gjat\u00eb interpretimit t\u00eb ligjeve. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ars\u00ebye, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e liris\u00eb s\u00eb mediave jan\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se \u00e7eshtjet e nd\u00ebrlidhura me aktivitet n\u00eb rrjete sociale duhet t\u00eb adresohen me vet\u00eb-rregullim dhe edukim t\u00eb shoqeris\u00eb e jo me metoda ekstreme q\u00eb e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsojn\u00eb edhe m\u00eb tutje situat\u00ebn. [44<\/a>]<\/p>\n

\u200b3. EDUKIMI N\u00cb SHKOLLA DHE SENSIBILIZIMI I OPINIONI PUBLIK<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr luftimin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme, senatori Bill Dod n\u00eb Kaliforni ka propozuar q\u00eb njohurit\u00eb p\u00ebr nxjerrjen dhe konsumimin e informatave n\u00eb bot\u00ebn digjitale t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb kurrikul\u00ebn shkollore p\u00ebrmes mekanizmave shtet\u00ebror\u00eb. [32<\/a>] Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ide shum\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr faktin se viktima t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme nuk bijn\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb moshuarit por edhe njoh\u00ebsit e mir\u00eb t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb gjeneratat e reja.<\/p>\n

[36<\/a>] Tek ne, kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje mund t\u00eb adresohet nga Ministria e Arsimit, e cila p\u00ebr arritjen e kompetenc\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit kritik, \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb n\u00eb kurrikul\u00eb metodat e hulumtimit dhe njohurit\u00eb e fundit p\u00ebr leximin e informatave n\u00eb bot\u00ebn digjitale (media literacy). K\u00ebsaj objektive mund t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe edhe organizimi i debateve me tematika t\u00eb ndryshme, ku nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit\/student\u00ebt m\u00ebsojn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrballjes s\u00eb argumenteve n\u00eb formulimin e nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrimi.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr e kemi fuqin\u00eb ndikuese t\u00eb influencerave dhe figurave publike, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund ta shnd\u00ebrrojm\u00eb n\u00eb veg\u00ebl p\u00ebr arritjen e shtresave t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs, me t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e veshtir\u00eb t\u00eb vendosim kontakt n\u00eb forma tjera. N\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me ta, mund t\u00eb krijohen kampanja mediatike me karakter edukues, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim ngritjen e vet\u00ebdijes s\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me problematik\u00ebn e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme dhe edukimin e saj. [43<\/a>] N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, mund t\u00eb japin kontributin e vet edhe mediumet profesionale t\u00eb lajmeve, qofshin ata kanale televizive, radio stacione apo gazeta, duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb tema diskutimi lajmet e rreme dhe metodat e luftimit t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

4. P\u00cbRPJEKJET INDIVIDUALE T\u00cb BAZUARA N\u00cb MENDIM KRITIK<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr fund, edhepse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb, identifikimin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme mund ta bazojm\u00eb n\u00eb disa p\u00ebrpjekje vetanake. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull, titujt senzacional\u00eb me tone emocionale duhet t\u2019i marrim me rezerv\u00eb. Gjithmon\u00eb duhet t\u00eb tregohemi t\u00eb v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm ndaj burimit q\u00eb e ka publikuar lajmin. Agjencit\u00eb e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme shpesh p\u00ebrdorin emra t\u00eb ngjajsh\u00ebm me mediat e njohura tradicionale. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb zgjedhjeve presidenciale n\u00eb SHBA, n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb maskuara si gazetari serioze: USAToday.com.co dhe WashingtonPost.com.co (ngjajsh\u00ebm me faqet origjinale USAToday.com dhe WashingtonPost.com) kan\u00eb qarkulluar shum\u00eb lajme t\u00eb rreme pro-Trump dhe anti-Clinton.<\/p>\n

[7<\/a>] Kjo strategji e maskimit p\u00ebrdoret edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb ta inspektojm\u00eb n\u00eb detaje burimin. K\u00ebt\u00eb proces do ta leht\u00ebsonte zhvillimi i nj\u00eb ekstenzioni t\u00eb browser-it i cili ngjajsh\u00ebm me zgjidhjen e gazet\u00ebs franceze, Le Monde, do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte kategorizimin e faqeve n\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb v\u00ebrteta\u201d, \u201ct\u00eb rreme\u201d dhe \u201csatirike\u201d. P\u00ebrndryshe, si portale satirike konsiderohen ata q\u00eb e shtremb\u00ebrojn\u00eb realitetin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime humoristike, por q\u00eb shpesh merren seriozisht nga lexuesit, si pasoj\u00eb e shprehis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre q\u00eb n\u00eb media sociale t\u00eb lexojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm titujt. [31<\/a>]<\/p>\n

Sipas nj\u00eb studimi, rreth 60% e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb Twitter, i shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb artikujt pa i lexuar fare. [45<\/a>] Kjo sjellje vjen si pasoj\u00eb e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs heuristike t\u00eb procesimit t\u00eb informatave, me \u00e7\u2019rast vendimet merren me shpejt\u00ebsi, duke u bazuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e rrug\u00ebve periferike mentale, si p\u00ebr shembull besimit se informata duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb pasi ajo na b\u00ebn t\u00eb ndihemi mir\u00eb. [2<\/a>] K\u00ebtu pjes\u00ebrisht luajn\u00eb rol edhe motivet q\u00eb i nxisin njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb lajme n\u00eb rrjete sociale e q\u00eb jan\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi i v\u00ebmendjes e popullaritetit dhe jo e v\u00ebrteta apo sakt\u00ebsia e lajmit. [53<\/a>] Rrjedhimisht, n\u00eb Twitter lajmet e rreme qarkullojne gjasht\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se lajmet e v\u00ebrteta. [47<\/a>] Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb po kaq shqet\u00ebsuese edhe n\u00eb platforma tjera.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrdorimi i rrjeteve sociale n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi na jep nj\u00eb sens t\u00eb urgjenc\u00ebs, duke marr\u00eb parasysh numrin e madh t\u00eb informatave q\u00eb na dalin vazhdimisht p\u00ebrpara dhe kjo vetvetiu na fut n\u00eb kurthin e metod\u00ebs heuristike t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit. Ne kemi d\u00ebshir\u00eb ta portretizojm\u00eb veten si qenie racionale mir\u00ebpo e v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se shum\u00eb vendime i marrim duke u bazuar n\u00eb emocione. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb caktuara, emocionet mund t\u00eb na shpiejn\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e duhur mir\u00ebpo n\u00eb rastin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb rrjeteve sociale, mb\u00ebsht\u00ebtja n\u00eb to na b\u00ebn shpesh pre t\u00eb lajmeve t\u00eb rreme.<\/p>\n

M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mire e tejkalimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj dob\u00ebsie t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore gjat\u00eb shfletimit t\u00eb lajmeve n\u00eb internet, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ndalemi dhe t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb racionale. Disa pyetje q\u00eb duhet t\u2019ia b\u00ebjm\u00eb vetes n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb: kush e ka publikuar artikullin? A kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb medium profesional t\u00eb lajmeve apo ndonj\u00eb llogari t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb q\u00eb shpesh publikon lajme senzacionale dhe shpifje? A \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb parasysh edhe q\u00ebndrimi i pal\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr apo lajmi duket i nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm dhe tendencioz? Gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb krahasimin e lajmit edhe me burime tjera, qofshin ata autoritete zyrtare apo mediume lajmesh me reputacion vendor apo nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, duhet pasur kujdes gjat\u00eb verifikimit t\u00eb lajmit gjat\u00eb k\u00ebrkimeve n\u00eb Google. Rezultatet n\u00eb Google p\u00ebrve\u00e7 tjerash rangohen sipas popullaritetit dhe fjal\u00ebve ky\u00e7e t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit e jo sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lajmit dhe aty n\u00eb princip mund t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb artikuj q\u00eb aprovojn\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo teorije t\u00eb rreme qe na bie nd\u00ebrmend ta hulumtojm\u00eb. [56<\/a>] P\u00ebrve\u00e7 asaj, keqb\u00ebr\u00ebsit i manipulojn\u00eb artikujt e vet duke i st\u00ebrp\u00ebrdorur disa fjal\u00eb ky\u00e7e qe u interesojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzve ashtu q\u00eb t\u00eb paraqiten sa m\u00eb lart n\u00eb rezultatet e k\u00ebrkimit. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, n\u00ebse na intereson di\u00e7ka n\u00eb internet, \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb fokusohemi n\u00eb burime e jo t\u00eb nxjerrim konkluzione n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit t\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb na paraqitet n\u00eb rezultatet e k\u00ebrkimit. Platformat online n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi i japin prioritet artikujve q\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb qarkullim [53<\/a>] prandaj deri sa t\u00eb ndryshohet ky model i biznesit t\u00eb tyre, arma m\u00eb e fort\u00eb q\u00eb posedojm\u00eb ne si individ\u00eb p\u00ebr luftimin e lajmeve t\u00eb rreme, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit kritik dhe kontrollimi i emocioneve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kriz\u00eb globale t\u00eb informimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jetike t\u00eb b\u00ebhemi aleat\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, e jo tifoz\u00eb t\u00eb verbuar t\u00eb grupacioneve t\u00eb caktuara apo ushtar\u00eb t\u00eb kampanjave denigruese q\u00eb p\u00ebrhapin urrejtje n\u00eb internet. Le t\u2019i thejm\u00eb barierat e dhomave t\u00eb ekos dhe t\u00eb nxisim debate konstruktive n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, por jo p\u00ebrballje brutale si n\u00eb fush\u00eb gladiatoresh, ku nj\u00ebra pal\u00eb duhet t\u00eb vdes\u00eb. E v\u00ebrteta n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb komplekse dhe zb\u00ebrthimi i saj k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb qasje kritike, q\u00eb i merr parasysh t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt e argumentit. P\u00ebr ta arritur k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit ne si shoqeri, duhet shum\u00eb pun\u00eb; megjithat\u00eb secili hap, sado i vogel, q\u00eb merret n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim ia vlen sepse nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri e informuar mire \u00ebsht\u00eb vitale p\u00ebr funksionimin e demokracis\u00eb dhe mir\u00ebqenien kolektive.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para ardhjes n\u00eb sken\u00eb t\u00eb internetit dhe rrjeteve sociale, lajmet n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr disa mekanizma kontrollues, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb editor\u00ebt profesional\u00eb, para se t\u2019i servohen publikut. Sot, kur p\u00ebrdoruesit e internetit nga modi pasiv i konsumimit t\u00eb informatave marrin pjes\u00eb aktive n\u00eb krijimin e kontentit, nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikisht e pamundur. Si […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":179,"featured_media":8904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1402],"ppma_author":[208],"class_list":["post-4545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-fake-news"],"authors":[{"term_id":208,"user_id":179,"is_guest":0,"slug":"rrezartaduraku-rizaj","display_name":"Rrezarta Duraku Rizaj","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1a6ee56d298b1d7800f7ef6f04cbdf2809d6b6653aa5258a5a7f428ee1b9831?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Rizaj","first_name":"Rrezarta Duraku","description":"Rrezarta Duraku Rizaj \u00ebsht\u00eb koordinatore e rrjetit q\u00ebndror mobil mNGN n\u00eb Telekomin e Kosov\u00ebs. Ajo ka p\u00ebrfunduar fakultetin e inxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb telekomunikacionit n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs dhe masterin e administrimit t\u00eb biznesit (MBA) n\u00eb Universitetin e Sheffield-it t\u00eb Anglis\u00eb\u2013 dega n\u00eb Selanik. Gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Telekom \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb projektet e mir\u00ebmbajtjes dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb rrjetit mobil. N\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb hershme ka botuar dy libra me poezi. S\u00eb fundmi \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nga Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs si an\u00ebtare e bordit n\u00eb Autoritetin Rregullativ t\u00eb Komunikimeve Elektronike dhe Postare (ARKEP)."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/179"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4545"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8906,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions\/8906"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4545"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}