{"id":4576,"date":"2021-07-27T14:20:21","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T12:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4576"},"modified":"2024-10-17T14:27:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T12:27:59","slug":"nje-ligjerate-e-ekonomisteve-per-lumturine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/nje-ligjerate-e-ekonomisteve-per-lumturine\/","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb Ligj\u00ebrat\u00eb e Ekonomist\u00ebve p\u00ebr Lumturin\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Richard Easterlin \u00ebsht\u00eb profesor n\u00eb universitetin e Kalifornis\u00eb Jugore. Ai njihet si themeluesi i \u201cekonomiksit t\u00eb lumturis\u00eb\u201d, fush\u00eb kjo relativisht e re. Rishtazi, profesor Easterlin ka publikuar librin e titulluar \u201cAn economist\u2019s lesson on happiness\u201d, lib\u00ebr i cili p\u00ebrmbledh studimet t\u00eb tij t\u00eb b\u00ebra p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb dekada. Gjat\u00eb karrier\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb bujshme, autori ka ofruar p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb num\u00ebr pyetjesh t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme; Si matet lumturia? A ju b\u00ebjn\u00eb parat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur? Si ndikojn\u00eb lidhja, martesa dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt? Ndikimi i religjionit n\u00eb lumturi? Kush jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur, burrat apo grat\u00eb, t\u00eb pasurit apo t\u00eb varfrit?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Vendet Skandinave, Kanada, Zelanda e Re dhe Australia jan\u00eb vendet me indeksin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb lumturis\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb. K\u00ebto rezultate dalin nga Raporti Bot\u00ebror i Lumturis\u00eb, i cili publikohet q\u00eb nga viti 2012. Anketa p\u00ebr matjen e lumturis\u00eb i pyet t\u00eb anketuarit sa jan\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur, dhe p\u00ebrgjigjejet ndryshojn\u00eb nga 1 (=i pak\u00ebnaqur) n\u00eb 10 (=i k\u00ebnaqur). Anketuesve ju k\u00ebrkohet q\u00eb numrin 1 ta mendojn\u00eb si gjendjen m\u00eb t\u00eb keqe, nd\u00ebrsa numrin 10 me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. Problemi kryesor me k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje mbetet sfida e krahasimit mes vendeve, pasi si\u00e7 argumenton autori, \u00e7ka n\u00ebnkupton lumturia n\u00eb Indonezi, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me at\u00eb n\u00eb ShBA.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, profesor Easterlin ka argumentuar se paraja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb faktori ky\u00e7 n\u00eb rritjen e lumturis\u00eb. Pra, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb, n\u00eb mes vendeve dhe brenda vendit, paraja dhe lumturia l\u00ebvizin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin drejtim, n\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb ky trend nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. Autori b\u00ebn dallimin n\u00eb mes periudhave duke marr\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull interesant. Nj\u00eb person mund t\u2019i ket\u00eb humbur 5 kilogram n\u00eb muajin e fundit, por krahasuar me dy vite m\u00eb her\u00ebt, ai ka 10 kilogram m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Ngjash\u00ebm, paraja mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e lidhur me lumturin\u00eb n\u00eb disa muaj, por jo vazhdimisht.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebndeti del t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nga pikat kryesore kur diskutohet p\u00ebr lumturin\u00eb. Autor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm kan\u00eb studiuar efektet e personave me sh\u00ebndet t\u00eb mir\u00eb, krahasuar me ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar aksidente, apo kane s\u00ebmundje kronike. Thomas Mehnert me bashkautor\u00eb, duke i krahasuar k\u00ebto dy grupe t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, gjejn\u00eb se 90 p\u00ebr qind e njer\u00ebzve me sh\u00ebndet t\u00eb mir\u00eb deklarojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi m\u00eb jet\u00ebn. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, kjo p\u00ebrqindje p\u00ebr personat me sh\u00ebndet jo t\u00eb mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn 50. Autor\u00ebt sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i sh\u00ebndetit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes ushtrimeve dhe diet\u00ebs e rrit\u00eb lumturin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme. Sidoqoft\u00eb, shnosh me kan\u00eb.<\/p>\n

George Bernard Shaw thot\u00eb se \u201cjan\u00eb dy tragjedi n\u00eb jet\u00eb. E para \u00ebsht\u00eb ta humb\u00ebsh dashurin\u00eb e jet\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrkaq e dyta \u00ebsht\u00eb ta gjesh at\u00eb.\u201d Profsor Easterlin ofron nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr efektet e lidhjeve dhe martes\u00ebs n\u00eb lumturi. Statistikat p\u00ebrshkruese tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e martuar jan\u00eb mesatarisht m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur se beqar\u00ebt. A n\u00ebnkupton kjo q\u00eb martesa ju b\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur? Jo patjet\u00ebr. Psikolog\u00ebt argumentojn\u00eb q\u00eb personat e martuar jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb karakterit dhe personalitetit t\u00eb tyre, e jo martes\u00ebs n\u00eb vetvete. N\u00eb fakt, periudha e lidhjes paramartesore duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb trendin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb lumturis\u00eb, dhe martesa sh\u00ebnon pik\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Pas martes\u00ebs, niveli i lumturis\u00eb fillon t\u00eb bie.<\/p>\n

Autori diskuton edhe p\u00ebr ndikimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb lumturi. Sipas tij, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb rritjen e lumturis\u00eb s\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb dy vitet e para, pastaj efekti i tyre bie ndjesh\u00ebm. Ngjash\u00ebm ndodh edhe me baban\u00eb, por madh\u00ebsia e koeficientit t\u00eb ndikimit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl. Nj\u00eb arsye q\u00eb tenton ta shpjegoj k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb detyrimi q\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00ebna t\u00eb punojn\u00eb pas pushimit t\u00eb lehonis\u00eb. Kjo n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste ndikon negativisht tek n\u00ebnat. Gjithsesi kjo analiz\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pak\u00ebz komplekse dhe autori ofron m\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje n\u00eb lib\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Karl Marksi thot\u00eb se \u201cnj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e madhe apo e vog\u00ebl, po p\u00ebrderisa sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e fqinj\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, i plot\u00ebson t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat sociale si rezidenc\u00eb. Por n\u00ebse sht\u00ebpia e juaj \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebr nj\u00eb pallati, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb ju duket si kasolle\u201d. Mesazhi i autorit sugjeron q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit nuk duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb \u00e7do her\u00eb krahasime nd\u00ebr-personale. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, duhet t\u00eb fokusohen n\u00eb at\u00eb \u00e7ka e rrit\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb lumturin\u00eb, duke shmangur k\u00ebshtu obligimet dhe ngarkesat e tep\u00ebrta. Easterlin ka argumentuar k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrmes eksperimenteve sociale. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast, jan\u00eb pyetur student\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb pag\u00ebn q\u00eb do ta pranonin. Atyre iu jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb dy mund\u00ebsi: 100 mij\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani ku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit e tjer\u00eb marrin pag\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe; apo 50 mij\u00eb n\u00eb vit, ku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit fitojn\u00eb 25 mij\u00eb apo m\u00eb pak. Rezultatet e anket\u00ebs tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb 2\/3 e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve zgjodh\u00ebn opsionin e dyt\u00eb. Njer\u00ebzit, argumenton autori, b\u00ebjn\u00eb zgjedhje duke u krahasuar me njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb i njohin. Ajo \u00e7ka e rrit\u00eb lumturin\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb individ, nuk ndikon nj\u00ebsoj n\u00ebse e arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bashk\u00ebrisht. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb person ngrit\u00eb z\u00ebrin n\u00eb restorant, kamerieri do ta d\u00ebgjoj m\u00eb mire. Por n\u00ebse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mysafir\u00ebt ngritin z\u00ebrin nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh, at\u00ebher\u00eb askush nuk do jet\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Libri kritikon qasjen e politikb\u00ebr\u00ebsve q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha politikat t\u00eb b\u00ebhen duke u bazuar n\u00eb efektet n\u00eb GDP. Nj\u00eb grup ekonomist\u00ebsh pretendojn\u00eb q\u00eb statistikat e lumturis\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme, sepse bazohen n\u00eb anketa. Profesori Easterlin kritikon k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje, duke n\u00ebnvizuar t\u00eb metat n\u00eb matjen e GDP-s\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta.<\/p>\n

Kush jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur, grat\u00eb apo burrat, t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb apo t\u00eb vjetrit? K\u00ebtu autori shpjegon se nuk ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeje t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. Njer\u00ebzit kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr nivele t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb lumturis\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr vite. Deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15 vje\u00e7are, burrat duken t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur, pastaj v\u00ebrehet nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie p\u00ebr t\u2019u ngritur p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb mes t\u00eb 30-tve. Autori argumenton se gjinia nuk ka ndikim n\u00eb lumturi, por burrat dhe grat\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb lumturis\u00eb, vart\u00ebsish mosh\u00ebs q\u00eb e kan\u00eb. Grat\u00eb kan\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb martohen m\u00eb her\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb punojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu, ato arrijn\u00eb lumturin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe gjat\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, p\u00ebrderisa t\u00eb burrat, lumturia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Grat\u00eb, mesatarisht jetojn\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb se burrat. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, vitet e fundit burrat i kan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtura se grat\u00eb, pasi kan\u00eb gjasa m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb dhimbjen nga humbja e partnerit.<\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar edhe p\u00ebr ndikimin e religjionit n\u00eb nivelin e lumturis\u00eb. Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruar i autor\u00ebve kan\u00eb identifikuar nj\u00eb lidhje pozitive, pavar\u00ebsisht llojit t\u00eb religjionit. N\u00ebse k\u00ebto studime jan\u00eb t\u00eb sakta, personat q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb aktivitete vullnetare dhe altruiste jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur. Por, autori n\u00eb lib\u00ebr i minimizon efektet e religjionit, aktiviteteve vullnetare dhe dhurimit n\u00eb lumturi, pasi sipas tij, lumturia n\u00eb ato raste shpjegohet nga personaliteti \u2013 i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb i ndryshuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Libri p\u00ebrmbyllet duke diskutuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen dhe lumturin\u00eb. Dy revolucionet e para \u2013 revolucioni industrial dhe ai demografik \u2013 kan\u00eb ndodhur si rezultat i shkencave natyrore. Revolucioni i tret\u00eb, ai i lumturis\u00eb, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb produkt i shkencave sociale, p\u00ebrfundon professor Easterlin.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Richard Easterlin \u00ebsht\u00eb profesor n\u00eb universitetin e Kalifornis\u00eb Jugore. Ai njihet si themeluesi i \u201cekonomiksit t\u00eb lumturis\u00eb\u201d, fush\u00eb kjo relativisht e re. Rishtazi, profesor Easterlin ka publikuar librin e titulluar \u201cAn economist\u2019s lesson on happiness\u201d, lib\u00ebr i cili p\u00ebrmbledh studimet t\u00eb tij t\u00eb b\u00ebra p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb dekada. Gjat\u00eb karrier\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":8579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1006,1358,991],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-4576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomi","tag-lumturia","tag-shoqeria"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4576"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8580,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4576\/revisions\/8580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4576"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}