{"id":4611,"date":"2021-05-27T11:50:52","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T09:50:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4611"},"modified":"2024-11-08T11:54:05","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T09:54:05","slug":"epoka-e-interpretimit-te-lidershipit-permes-psikologjise-politike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/epoka-e-interpretimit-te-lidershipit-permes-psikologjise-politike\/","title":{"rendered":"Epoka e Interpretimit t\u00eb Lidershipit p\u00ebrmes Psikologjis\u00eb Politike"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Procesi demokratik \u00ebsht\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb proces psikologjik \u2013 k\u00ebto jan\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e znj. Margaret Hermman (1980) t\u00eb thurura p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb pas konstituimit t\u00eb Psikologjis\u00eb Politike (m\u00eb 1979) si nj\u00eb prej deg\u00ebve me t\u00eb reja t\u00eb studimit t\u00eb sjelljes njer\u00ebzore n\u00eb kontekstin socio-politik t\u00eb saj. Duket se kjo deg\u00eb nuk i ka arritur ende t\u00eb 50-tat dhe ka dep\u00ebrtuar shpejt\u00eb n\u00eb material q\u00eb i zb\u00ebrthejn\u00eb dhe i japin kuptim sjelljes politike. Sot International Society of Political Psychology (Shoq\u00ebria Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Psikologjis\u00eb Politike) \u00ebsht\u00eb adresa themelore e publikimit t\u00eb studimeve mbi nd\u00ebrlidhjen e politik\u00ebs dhe proceseve psikologjike. An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb kombinim profesionesh: psikolog\u00eb, sociolog\u00eb, psikiat\u00ebr, historian\u00eb, ekonomist\u00eb, antropolog\u00eb, gazetar\u00eb, etj.<\/p>\n

Si deg\u00eb e psikologjis\u00eb, psikologjia politike synon t\u00eb bashk\u00eb-dyzoj\u00eb kontributet e hulumtimeve dhe gjetjeve empirike nga psikologjia sociale, kognitive (e proceseve mendore), bio-neurologjike dhe psikologjis\u00eb klinike p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb interpretim unik t\u00eb sjelljes, motivimit dhe stilit t\u00eb lidershipit t\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar, nj\u00eb partie ose sistemi politik.<\/p>\n

Margaret Herrman, n\u00eb publikimin e saj debutues \u201cVler\u00ebsimi i stilit t\u00eb Lidershipit: Analiza e Tipareve\u201d (N\u00ebntor 1999) n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn hyr\u00ebse thot\u00eb:\u00a0Ndodh\u00eb m\u00eb shpesh sesa t\u00eb mos ndodh\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb rreth politik\u00ebs dhe politikan\u00ebve, t\u00eb fokusohet n\u00eb personalitetin e tyre. Ndodh\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb fascinimi n\u00eb studimin e lider\u00ebve politik. Si rezultat, biografit\u00eb e disa politikan\u00ebve t\u00eb caktuar b\u00ebhet \u2018bestsellers\u2019 si dhe triumfet dhe tragjedit\u00eb e lider\u00ebve politik\u00eb v\u00ebrshojn\u00eb titujt kryesor t\u00eb gazetave. Nj\u00eb arsye madhore e kureshtjes ton\u00eb p\u00ebr karakteristikat personale t\u00eb lider\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebtill\u00eb\u00ebsht\u00eb realizimi q\u00eb preferencat e tyre, gj\u00ebrat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat besojn\u00eb dhe punojn\u00eb si dhe m\u00ebnyrat se si i marrin vendimet \u2013 mund t\u00eb na e ndikojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ebtij ndikimi i dedikohet edhe studimi i k\u00ebsaj shkence t\u00eb re, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb format me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn sistemet veprojn\u00eb mbi ne, p\u00ebr t\u00eb na asistuar t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb zgjedhje t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijshme t\u00eb politikan\u00ebve dhe politik\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb perceptuar m\u00eb sakt\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh\u00eb rreth nesh, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar format e opresionit politik duke i \u2018detektuar\u2019 stilet jo t\u00eb favorshme apo duke i stimuluar stilet e favorshme t\u00eb lidershipit p\u00ebr interesat e popullat\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb studimin e saj Margaret morri mostr\u00ebn e 122 lider\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb n\u00eb studim retrospektiv t\u00eb dy dekadave t\u00eb fundit duke interpretuar gjuh\u00ebn verbale dhe jo verbale q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorin n\u00eb media, intervista dhe forma t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb komunikimit, duke aluduar q\u00eb stili i lidershipit nd\u00ebrtohet rreth t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeve n\u00eb k\u00ebto tri pyetje: 1) Si reagojn\u00eb lider\u00ebt ndaj kufizimeve politike n\u00eb mjedisin e tyre \u2013 a i respektojn\u00eb apo i sfidojn\u00eb k\u00ebto pengesa? 2) Sa t\u00eb hapur jan\u00eb ndaj informacionit q\u00eb marrin \u2013 a e p\u00ebrdorin informacionin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb selektive apo jan\u00eb t\u00eb hapur q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen t\u00eb ua drejtoj\u00eb ky informacion? dhe 3) Cilat jan\u00eb arsyet q\u00eb i shtyjn\u00eb k\u00ebta lider\u00eb t\u2019i k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pozitat e tyre \u2013 a drejtohet motivacioni i tyre nga nj\u00eb fokus i brendsh\u00ebm i v\u00ebmendjes apo nga raportet e jashtme q\u00eb mund t\u00eb krijohen nga koleg\u00ebt e tyre prominent?<\/p>\n

Sipas studimit t\u00eb saj, p\u00ebrgjigjet n\u00eb k\u00ebto tri pyetje sygjerojn\u00eb m\u00eb tutje n\u00ebse nj\u00eb lider\/e do t\u00eb jet\u00eb sensitiv\/e ndaj kontekstit politik t\u00eb tij\/saj si dhe nivelin n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb tentoj\u00eb t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh\u00eb apo do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si agjent i p\u00ebr\u00e7imit t\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimeve t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. P\u00ebr ilustrim, nj\u00eb gjetje n\u00eb proces doli q\u00eb lider\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb hapur ndaj informacionit kan\u00eb tendenca t\u00eb operojn\u00eb si avokues t\u00eb vetes duke k\u00ebrkuar informacion q\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebrkufizimit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb situat\u00ebs dhe anashkalimin e provave t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta, v\u00ebmendja e tyre p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb bindjen e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve p\u00ebr pozicionin e tyre.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht q\u00eb Margaret ishte vigjilente q\u00eb politikan\u00ebt, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ata n\u00eb pozita t\u00eb larta udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse do t\u2019ishin rezistent ndaj provave t\u00eb psikolog\u00ebve q\u00eb t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjen nj\u00eb ftese p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjen e testeve vler\u00ebsuese,k\u00ebshtu dhe ajo shprehi validitetin e metod\u00ebs s\u00eb saj indirekte t\u00eb studimit duke aluduar n\u00eb materialin mediatik, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb momenteve spontane t\u00eb reagimeve ndaj fjalimeve m\u00eb pak t\u00eb organizuara apo intervistave t\u00eb aty-p\u00ebr-atyshme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ata q\u00eb i pat\u00ebn hyr\u00eb nj\u00eb studimi kurreshtar t\u00eb librave historik n\u00eb tentim p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb profil psikologjik t\u00eb nj\u00eb lideri potencialisht efektiv, e kemi \u201cArtin e Luft\u00ebs\u201d nga Sun Tzu: \u201cNjihi fuqit\u00eb dhe dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e tua: n\u00ebse e njeh armikun dhe e njeh veten, nuk ke nevoj\u00eb t\u2019i frik\u00ebsohesh rezultateve t\u00eb qindra betejave.\u201d Interpretimi i gjeneralit asokohe megjithat\u00eb me konotacion ushtarak, sot \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer edhe n\u00eb saje te interpretimit t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb politikave, negocimit, avokimit dhe ndoshta edhe politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrjes.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb tutje, profili tjet\u00ebr Makiavelist, disa shekuj m\u00eb von\u00eb, duket sikur e d\u00ebrgon artin e luft\u00ebs n\u00eb form\u00ebn e tij diplomatike duke synuar rezultatet pavar\u00ebsisht mjeteve.
\nN\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e kolonializmit p.sh., n\u00eb rastine Sun Tzus propozon q\u00eb kur shtetet t\u00eb pushtohen t\u00eb kursehen nga rr\u00ebnimi sepse \u201c\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ta ruash nj\u00eb qytet sesa ta shkat\u00ebrrosh\u201d nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb versionin Makiavelist, qytet duhet t\u00eb rr\u00ebnohen p\u00ebr t\u2019iu shmangur nj\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbje t\u00eb mundshme rrjedhimisht dhe nj\u00eb rebelimi t\u00eb qytetasve t\u00eb pushtuar. N\u00ebse tentojm\u00eb t\u2019i profilizojm\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb moment dy lider t\u00eb ndar\u00eb sot mes dy stilesh t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb lidershipit \u2013 \u00e7far\u00eb tipare do t\u00eb mund t\u2019i mveshnim nj\u00ebrit dhe \u00e7far\u00eb tjetrit? Si ndikojn\u00eb k\u00ebto stile n\u00eb politik\u00eb b\u00ebrje dhe n\u00eb efektivitetin e tyre p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb interesat e caktuara dhe\/ose interesat e popullit?<\/p>\n

Shembuj t\u00eb elaborimit t\u00eb profileve psikologjike t\u00eb politikan\u00ebve historik gjejm\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrmes udh\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimeve biografike, t\u00eb industris\u00eb s\u00eb filmit, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe goj\u00ebdh\u00ebnave.
\nP.sh., figura historike shqiptare e Sk\u00ebnderbeut perceptohet p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht si nj\u00eb individ me tipare pozitive, bujar, trim, i hapur ndaj informacionit, etj., por s\u2019i do ta interpretonin ata t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk i ndanin interesat e nj\u00ebjta komb\u00ebtare me t\u00eb? A e perceptojm\u00eb ne pozitivisht sepse mbrojti interesat tona komb\u00ebtare? Apo sepse mbrojti interesat e nj\u00eb grup populli n\u00ebn opresion?<\/p>\n

Margaret, i ka prezantuar shtat\u00eb tipare kryesore me potencial p\u00ebr ta vler\u00ebsuar suksessh\u00ebm stilin e lidershipit: a) besimi q\u00eb personi mund t\u00eb kontrolloj\u00eb situat\u00ebn apo ta ndikoj\u00eb at\u00eb; b) nevoja p\u00ebr pushtet dhe ndikim; c) kompleksiteti konceptual (aft\u00ebsia t\u2019i dalloj\u00eb gj\u00ebrat dhe njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb ambientin e tij\/saj); \u00e7) vet\u00ebbesimi; d) tendenca t\u00eb fokusohet n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve dhe arritjen e nj\u00eb rezultati kundrejt p\u00ebrqendrimit n\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb grupore dhe zb\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb ideve dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00ebtjer\u00ebve; dh) pabesi e p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsuar dhe q\u00ebndrim dyshues ndaj t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve; e) intensiteti me t\u00eb cilin nj\u00eb individ e mban\u00eb aktiv nj\u00eb paragjykim grupor (q\u00eb grupi x \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se y).<\/p>\n

Duket se metoda p\u00ebr t\u2019i zb\u00ebrthyer ishte p\u00ebrmes disa shprehjeve qendrore q\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin lider\u00ebt gjat\u00eb paraqitjes publike si matja e kuantitetit sa shpesh e thon\u00eb n\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb caktuar. P.sh., n\u00eb rastin e vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb tiparit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb \u2013 nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr pushtet \u2013 duket sikur ky tipar \u2018kodohej\u2019 n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e foljeve. Disa nga kontekstet kur duhet t\u00eb matet ky diskurs jan\u00eb rastet e: a) kur inicion apo nd\u00ebrhyn n\u00eb nj\u00eb konflikt verbal, duke akuzuar, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar apo shantazhuar dik\u00eb; b) kur jep k\u00ebshill\u00eb aty dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb kur nuk i k\u00ebrkohet; c) tenton t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb\/ndryshoj\u00eb sjelljen e nj\u00eb personi apo grupi tjet\u00ebr; \u00e7) tenton t\u00eb korruptoj\u00eb, t\u00eb bind\u00eb ose t\u00eb debatoj\u00eb me dik\u00eb pa pasur q\u00ebllim arritjen e marr\u00ebveshjes apo shmangien e mosmarr\u00ebveshjes; d) synon t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb fam\u00eb dhe t\u00eb impresionoj\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt; dh) preokupohet shum\u00eb p\u00ebr prestigjin, reputacionin apo pozit\u00ebn e tij\/saj.
\nM\u00eb tutje, nj\u00eb pik\u00eb n\u00eb mbledhjen e rezultatit p\u00ebr\u00a0nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr fuqi<\/em>, determinohet nga frekuenca e p\u00ebrgjigjeve (sa shpesh), e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb foljeve t\u00eb caktuara gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjes n\u00eb intervista dhe paraqitje publike (ose rrjete sociale) t\u00eb cilat i ndikojn\u00eb q\u00eb fol\u00ebsi ka b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga ato shtat\u00eb sjellje t\u00ebprezantuara.<\/p>\n

Kur rezultatet tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb nevoja p\u00ebr pushtet \u00ebsht\u00eb e lart\u00eb, lider\u00ebt me k\u00ebt\u00eb tipar punojn\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr ta manipuluar ambientin e tyre n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb kontroll dhe t\u00eb duken si fitimtar. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e situatave dhe e kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjeshm\u00ebri t\u00eb theksuar ndaj faktit se cilat taktika do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb. Lider\u00ebt me nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr pushtet r\u00ebndom paraqiten si karizmatik dhe heroi-dashamir\u00ebs, mir\u00ebpo rezultojn\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb pak ose aspak ndjeshm\u00ebri p\u00ebr nevojat apo d\u00ebshirat e popullit. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit tjer\u00eb perceptohen si instrumente p\u00ebr arritjen e rezultateve n\u00eb loj\u00ebn e madhe politike. Mund t\u00eb thuhet q\u00eb qasja e tyre makiaveliste i p\u00ebrshtatet konceptit t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimit t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb duke arsyetuar t\u00eb gjitha mjetet \u2013 duke qen\u00eb se edhe motivimi i tyre i brendsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm. Arsyetimi i fjalive determinuese ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb variantin kur n\u00ebse nj\u00eb lider p\u00ebrdor diskurs determinant apo m\u00eb t\u00eb hapur, le t\u00eb themi n\u00eb fjalimet e tij\/saj dominojn\u00eb fjal\u00ebt \u201cabsolutisht\u201d, \u201ce kemi n\u00eb dor\u00eb situat\u00ebn\u201d, \u201ckjo \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e mbyllur\u201d apo \u201cpo punojm\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb drejtim\u201d, \u201cjemi duke shqyrtuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb\u201d, \u201ckjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje po menaxhohet\u201d, etj.<\/p>\n

Psikologjia Politike nd\u00ebr k\u00ebto pes\u00eb dekadat e saja t\u00eb nism\u00ebs, ka kaluar pes\u00eb faza dhe ne aktualisht jemi n\u00eb t\u00eb pest\u00ebn, ku synohet t\u00eb merren trajtimi nga Psikologjia Sociale, bio-neurologjia si dhe Psikologjia Klinike Politike.<\/p>\n

Personalisht gjurm\u00ebn e par\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar induktivisht kjo bot\u00eb e psiko-politik\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebrmes pun\u00ebs klinike, duke par\u00eb sesi ngjarjet traumatike t\u00eb pap\u00ebrpunuara lejn\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt n\u00eb reagimet e lider\u00ebve. Ndodh\u00eb q\u00eb disa sjellje t\u00eb politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrjes kan\u00eb p\u00ebr baz\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00ebpa zb\u00ebrthyert\u00eb ngelur e pavet\u00ebdijshme kur nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje vjen si nj\u00eb reagim \u2013 kur nxitet nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e caktuar e p\u00ebrjetimit personal lidhur me kontekstin politik. P.sh., n\u00eb negociatat Kosov\u00eb-Serbi \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb nj\u00eb loj\u00eb reagime nga ngjarje dhe p\u00ebrjetime personale t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrvijuar n\u00eb histori dhe bllokimi i tyre n\u00eb fakt sh\u00ebnon nj\u00eb bllokim n\u00eb procesimin e k\u00ebtyre emocioneve.<\/p>\n

Historikisht t\u00eb themi, ka pasur lider me renome t\u00eb cil\u00ebve po t\u2019iu b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb rrezikojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb edhe elemente patologjike, por ndoshta t\u00eb pranueshme p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn, si rasti i figurave me vrasje masive t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb arsyetuar n\u00ebn kontekstin e sistemit politik t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Ngjash\u00ebm me tiparet individuale, edhe partit\u00eb politike bartin tiparet e an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj dhe ideologjis\u00eb s\u00eb synuar. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb lider\u00ebt i p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsojn\u00eb tiparet e grupit t\u00eb caktuar, p.sh., n\u00ebse Partia Demokratike dhe Republikane n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, perceptohen me tipare t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb cilat i b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb dallueshme edhe kandidat\u00ebt si dhe krijohet nj\u00eb pritshm\u00ebri q\u00eb deri-diku edhe ata t\u00eb manifestojn\u00eb ato tipare n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb partive q\u00eb iu takojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sistemet politike, po ashtu marrin tiparet e caktuara dhe p\u00ebr arsye q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb numerikisht nj\u00eb mas\u00eb \u2013 ato p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb edhe form\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme t\u00eb ndikimit t\u00ebjet\u00ebs s\u00eb individ\u00ebve dhe shpesh imponimit t\u00eb tipareve t\u00eb caktuara. Kemi shembuj t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, le t\u00eb themi komunizmi \u2013 ku jep nj\u00eb rast ndoshta ekstrem t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs sesi sistemi politik e zhvesh\u00eb individin nga tiparet e tij\/saj individuale duke e form\u00ebsuar sipas ideologjis\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb sistemit p\u00ebr arritjen e rezultateve t\u00eb caktuara.<\/p>\n

E, demokracia p\u00ebrse na \u00ebsht\u00eb prezantuar si shpres\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebse? Ndoshta sepse aty proklamohet ideja qe secili t\u2019i zhvilloj\u00eb dhe mbaj\u00eb tiparet e veta pa qen\u00eb i\/e detyruar t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb apo t\u00eb ushtroj\u00eb ndikim ndryshues mbi dik\u00eb. Nj\u00eb rezultat i cili do t\u00eb studiohet mbase pas disa viteve\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka shum\u00eb analiza dhe interpretime publike dhe private t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb politikan\u00ebve dhe politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrjes. Ky preokupim i p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm mbase vjen nga nevojat emergjente t\u00eb shtetit ton\u00eb t\u00eb form\u00ebsohet n\u00eb di\u00e7ka funksionale. P\u00ebrdorimi i mjeteve shkencore p\u00ebr t\u2019i interpretuar k\u00ebto sjellje duhet t\u00eb promovohet edhe si m\u00ebnyra e re e t\u00eb menduarit n\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn e re. Ndoshta mjaftuesh\u00ebm i kemi p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb opinionet personale si fakte shkencore. Edhe kjo ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me nj\u00eb tipar t\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb interpretimeve alternative po rrezikojm\u00eb t\u00eb rr\u00ebshqasim n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb rrotullimit rreth vetes.<\/p>\n

Politik\u00eb-b\u00ebrja p\u00ebr ne \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e re dhe interpretimi edhe m\u00eb i ri, por ne kemi fatin t\u00eb shkarkojm\u00eb idet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit mbi filozofin\u00eb e politik\u00ebs duke studiuar shtet-nd\u00ebrtimin dhe idet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb reja mbi analiz\u00ebn e sjelljes dhe veprimeve politike t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb psikologjis\u00eb politike.<\/p>\n

Ekziston nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u \u00e7liruar nga ideja e kapitullimit, ajo mbase \u00ebsht\u00eb studimi i m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb daljes q\u00eb ofron studimi shkencor.<\/p>\n

Fundja,\u00a0\u201cArritja supreme n\u00eb artin luftarak \u00ebsht\u00eb ta mposht\u00ebsh armikun pa e luftuar<\/em>\u201d \u2013 Sun Tzu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Procesi demokratik \u00ebsht\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb proces psikologjik \u2013 k\u00ebto jan\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e znj. Margaret Hermman (1980) t\u00eb thurura p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb pas konstituimit t\u00eb Psikologjis\u00eb Politike (m\u00eb 1979) si nj\u00eb prej deg\u00ebve me t\u00eb reja t\u00eb studimit t\u00eb sjelljes njer\u00ebzore n\u00eb kontekstin socio-politik t\u00eb saj. Duket se kjo deg\u00eb nuk i ka arritur ende […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":9919,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1746,1747],"ppma_author":[105],"class_list":["post-4611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-lidershipi","tag-psikologjia-politike"],"authors":[{"term_id":105,"user_id":93,"is_guest":0,"slug":"qendresa-prapashtica","display_name":"Q\u00ebndresa Prapashtica","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-18.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-18.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Prapashtica","first_name":"Q\u00ebndresa","description":"Q\u00ebndresa \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb psikologe klinike me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e burimeve njer\u00ebzore. Ajo merret me publicistik\u00eb dhe shkrime letrare dhe u diplomua n\u00eb ZPTN - Qendra p\u00ebr Traumatologji dhe Traumaterapi - Niedersachen, Gjermani."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/93"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4611"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9920,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4611\/revisions\/9920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4611"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}