{"id":4715,"date":"2021-05-06T12:00:47","date_gmt":"2021-05-06T10:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4715"},"modified":"2024-11-18T12:03:20","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T10:03:20","slug":"mbyllja-tregoi-se-si-i-eksploaton-ekonomia-grate-ajo-e-dinte-qe-moti-pjesa-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/uncategorized\/mbyllja-tregoi-se-si-i-eksploaton-ekonomia-grate-ajo-e-dinte-qe-moti-pjesa-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Mbyllja tregoi se si i eksploaton ekonomia grat\u00eb. Ajo e dinte q\u00eb moti (pjesa I)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Silvia Federici ka paralajm\u00ebruar me dekada se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh kur n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsohet puna sht\u00ebpiake.<\/em><\/p>\n

Parku Prospect n\u00eb muajin maj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aren\u00eb bukurie: livadhe dhe shetitje t\u00eb dendura, lart\u00ebsira dhe ult\u00ebsira, gjith\u00e7ka e mbuluar nga shkurre frutore, kaqa, manushaqe, murriz\u00eb, manjolie dhe drunj\u00eb bliri. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb madh\u00ebshti, zogjt\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb zhurmsh\u00ebm, ashtu si edhe njer\u00ebzit. Por majin e kaluar, parku ishte m\u00eb i qet\u00eb se zakonisht, dhe njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb l\u00ebviznin n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb energji t\u00eb dob\u00ebt dhe brengos\u00ebse. Shum\u00eb prej tyre mbanin maska; e shum\u00eb jo. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb dikush i b\u00ebrtiste tjetrit n\u00ebse afrohej shum\u00eb. Kishte edhe frik\u00eb nga frym\u00ebmarrja e ajrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, por edhe nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb pashtershme p\u00ebr t\u00eb. P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj skene, \u00a0me nj\u00eb rit\u00ebm energjik ecte me vendosm\u00ebri Silvia Federici, studiuese dhe teorciene 78-vje\u00e7are e pun\u00ebs sht\u00ebpiake, nj\u00eb nga mendimtaret feministe socialiste m\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar.<\/p>\n

Federici kishte nj\u00eb shall t\u00eb zi t\u00eb lidhur mbi hund\u00eb dhe goj\u00eb, dhe mbante nj\u00eb pulov\u00ebr delikat blu, t\u00eb cilin ia kishte punuar n\u00ebna koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Federici ec\u00ebn p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb parkut Prospect t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb, madje edhe n\u00eb dim\u00ebr, me partnerin e saj prej 47 vjet\u00ebsh, filozofin George Caffentzis. (Caffentzis kuptoi se kishte s\u00ebmundjen e Parkinsonit disa vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, shpjegoi ajo, dhe ecja e ndihmon mir\u00eb.) Por p\u00ebr disa dit\u00eb n\u00eb muajin maj, ajo pranoi t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb sh\u00ebtitje t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme me mua.<\/p>\n

Kisha k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb takohesha sepse pandemia dhe rr\u00ebbeshet e saj t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimeve ekonomike, shoq\u00ebrore dhe politike kishin \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb mendimit federician n\u00eb vende n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat nuk i kisha hasur \u00a0kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Papritmas, nocionet dhe frazat nga puna e saj ishin n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha burimet e mia t\u00eb mediave sociale, faqet e botuara dhe shk\u00ebmbimet me miqt\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit u p\u00ebrball\u00ebn me at\u00eb se cilat lloje t\u00eb pun\u00ebs konsiderohen thelb\u00ebsore dhe pse. Federici \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb avokuese e vjet\u00ebr e ides\u00eb q\u00eb puna sht\u00ebpiake \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb e papaguar dhe ishte themeluese e l\u00ebvizjes Paga p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb [Wages for Housework] n\u00eb fillimin e viteve 1970. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb e shtypjes ekonomike gjinore, argumenton ajo, dhe nj\u00eb eksploatim n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin mb\u00ebshtetet i gjith\u00eb kapitalizmi.<\/p>\n

Si studiuese dhe aktiviste, Federici i takon mendimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, p\u00ebr dekada, kan\u00eb kritikuar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb kapitaliste nuk arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb njohin ose mb\u00ebshtesin at\u00eb q\u00eb ajo e quan \u201cpun\u00eb riprodhuese\u201d. Ajo e p\u00ebrdor\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb term jo thjesht p\u00ebr t’iu referuar lindjes s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe rritjes s\u00eb tyre, por me t\u00eb e tregon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebn q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr ta mbajtur veten dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt p\u00ebrreth nesh mir\u00eb, t\u00eb ushqyer, t\u00eb sigurt, t\u00eb past\u00ebr, t\u00eb kujdesur dhe prosperues. \u00cbsht\u00eb puna e shkuljes s\u00eb bar\u00ebrave t\u00eb k\u00ebqija n\u00eb kopshtin tuaj, ose p\u00ebrgatitja e m\u00ebngjesit, apo t\u00eb ndihmuarit gjysh\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb moshuar q\u00eb t\u00eb pastrohet – pun\u00eb q\u00eb duhet ta b\u00ebni vazhdimisht, pun\u00eb q\u00eb duket se shuan vet\u00ebveten. \u00cbsht\u00eb kjo nj\u00eb pun\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore \u00a0p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ekonomia jon\u00eb nuk priret ta njoh\u00eb a kompensoj\u00eb. Kjo shp\u00ebrfillje p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn riprodhuese, shkruan Federici, \u00ebsht\u00eb e padrejt\u00eb dhe e paq\u00ebndrueshme.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto ide nuk ishin edhe aq t\u00eb panjohura para pandemis\u00eb. Por feminizmi i zakonsh\u00ebm – p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmendur ekonomin\u00eb apo politik\u00ebn e zakonshme – kryesisht e ka injoruar pun\u00ebn sht\u00ebpiake. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ato e kan\u00eb matur fuqizimin e grave me pranin\u00eb dhe ndikimin e tyre n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs, q\u00eb arrihet duke kontraktuar pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe kujdesin ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve p\u00ebr grat\u00eb me m\u00eb pak p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi ekonomike p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pag\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Edhe k\u00ebshtu, grat\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb zhytura n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e zakonshme tani t\u00eb d\u00ebgjosh termin \u201cnd\u00ebrrimi i dyt\u00eb\u201d (i krijuar n\u00eb vitin1989 nga sociologu Arlie Hochschild), i cili p\u00ebrshkruan se si puna p\u00ebr mir\u00ebmbajtjen e nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpie dhe kujdesi p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt bie n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb joproporcionale mbi grat\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse ato kan\u00eb pun\u00eb me orar t\u00eb plot\u00eb dhe paguajn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb paguhen p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00eb sht\u00ebpiake ose pun\u00eb kujdesi (si kujdesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit ose pastrimi i sht\u00ebpis\u00eb), si grup, kompensohen keq dhe u mohohen mbrojtjet ose p\u00ebrfitimet e vendit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. K\u00ebto pun\u00eb mbahen kryesisht nga gra me ngjyr\u00eb dhe emigrante. Marr\u00ebveshja e till\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb quhet sukses p\u00ebr grat\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Ekspert\u00ebt e politikave publike dhe ekonomist\u00ebt kan\u00eb theksuar gjat\u00eb disa viteve t\u00eb fundit marr\u00ebzin\u00eb e p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs sht\u00ebpiake nga masat ekonomike si B.P.V., duke pasur parasysh t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se puna e papaguar e grave p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb aktivitetit ekonomik n\u00eb \u00e7do vend. Para nj\u00eb viti, Oxfam qarkulloi k\u00ebrkime q\u00eb tregonin se n\u00ebse grat\u00eb amerikane do t\u00eb fitonin pag\u00ebn minimale p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn q\u00eb b\u00ebnin n\u00ebp\u00ebr sht\u00ebpi dhe kujdesin p\u00ebr t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit, do t\u00eb kishin fituar 1.5 bilion\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2019. Globalisht, vlera e k\u00ebsaj pune t\u00eb papaguar do t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb pothuajse 11 bilion\u00eb dollar\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb fjalim t\u00eb vitit 2019, studiuesja e politikave publike dhe nj\u00eb avokuese p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e rishikimit t\u00eb masave ekonomike t\u00eb \u201cproduktivitetit\u201d, Marilyn Waring, vuri n\u00eb dukje absurditetin e p\u00ebrcaktimit si t\u00eb pa vlera, ose si koh\u00eb e lir\u00eb t\u00eb aktiviteteve si kujdesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e moshuar ose t\u00eb porsalindurit, pazaret dhe gatimet. \u201cNuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, n\u00ebse sektori i vet\u00ebm m\u00eb i madh i ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb vendit tuaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm,\u201d tha ajo. \u201cNuk mund t\u00eb pretendoni t\u00eb dini se ku jan\u00eb nevojat.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja pjes\u00eb e sistemit aktual ekonomik q\u00eb duket e shtremb\u00ebruar. Hendeku i pasuris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i gjer\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me at\u00eb se sa ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00ebqind vjet, me m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00eb se kurr\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme ose me paga t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, ose q\u00eb i n\u00ebnshtrohen tekave t\u00eb \u201cekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb angazhimeve\u201d. Nd\u00ebrsa lodhja dhe pasiguria e shkaktuar nga k\u00ebto kushte ekonomike \u00ebsht\u00eb r\u00ebnduar, gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz po vijn\u00eb rreth ides\u00eb se \u201cmo\u00e7ali\u201d i s\u00ebmundjeve shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs mund t\u00eb gjurmohet nga nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie e pasakt\u00eb me pun\u00ebn dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjen se puna e kujt \u00ebsht\u00eb e vlefshme.<\/p>\n

Kur filloi mbyllja, kjo gjendje e keqe shp\u00ebrtheu n\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb. S\u00eb pari filloi diskutimi p\u00ebr \u201cpun\u00ebtor\u00ebt thelb\u00ebsor\u00eb\u201d, nj\u00eb kategori q\u00eb, u vu re shpejt, q\u00eb korrespondonte shpesh me pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt m\u00eb pak t\u00eb paguar. Pastaj erdhi kuptimi akut mes klasave t\u00eb mesme dhe t\u00eb larta se jeta e tyre kishte ecur normalisht meq\u00eb ata kishin qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb n\u00ebnkontraktonin pun\u00ebt sht\u00ebpiake – dhe, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kritike, kujdesin p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit dhe kujdesin p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt – p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb. Pas gati nj\u00eb viti t\u00eb mbylljes s\u00eb shkollave, prind\u00ebrit q\u00eb punojn\u00eb jan\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sasin\u00eb e kujdesit p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten tek m\u00ebsuesit e paguar m\u00eb pak p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar tet\u00eb or\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb. Pa sisteme \u201cad hoc\u201d p\u00ebr menaxhimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt (kujdesi ditor; kujdesi p\u00ebr gjysh\u00ebrit; programet pas shkoll\u00ebs; kampi veror; kujdestar\u00ebt e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve), prind\u00ebrit amerikan\u00eb kan\u00eb zbuluar se k\u00ebrkesat e kujdesit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb familje p\u00ebrputhen apo edhe i tejkalojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat e pun\u00ebve me orar t\u00eb plot\u00eb, t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur at\u00eb familje.<\/p>\n

Asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebta nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb lajm i ri p\u00ebr prind\u00ebrit e vet\u00ebm, q\u00eb ve\u00e7se po punonin pun\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta me pag\u00eb minimale dhe q\u00eb nuk ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonin qiran\u00eb dhe ushqimin, aq m\u00eb pak kujdestari f\u00ebmij\u00ebsh – por kthimi i klasave profesionale te nj\u00eb situat\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr ta duket po aq e pap\u00ebrshtatshme, ka frym\u00ebzuar nj\u00eb gjendje shpirt\u00ebrore radikale. Gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, edhe ata relativisht t\u00eb pad\u00ebmtuar nga pandemia po shprehin mendimin anti-kapitalist, duke e kritikuar nj\u00eb ekonomi q\u00eb e paguan m\u00eb pak ose e injoron fare pun\u00ebn sht\u00ebpiake. Nj\u00eb grup femrash aktore dhe zyrtare ekzekutive t\u00eb pasura (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Julianne Moore, Charlize Theron dhe udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsesh t\u00eb Birchbox, ClassPass dhe Rent the Runway) po b\u00ebjn\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u201cPlan Marshall p\u00ebr N\u00ebnat\u201d, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pagesat qeveritare mujore p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat. \u201cJu e dini mir\u00eb: N\u00ebnat jan\u00eb themeli i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb,\u201d shkruajn\u00eb ata, \u201cdhe ne jemi lodhur duke punuar falas.\u201d Shonda Rhimes shkroi n\u00eb Twitter marsin e kaluar: \u201cDuke shkolluar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi nj\u00eb 6-vje\u00e7ar dhe nj\u00eb 8-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb or\u00eb e 11 minuta. M\u00ebsuesit meritojn\u00eb t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb nj\u00eb miliard dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit.”<\/p>\n

Marsin e kaluar, studiuesi dhe aktivisti Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor shkroi profetikisht n\u00eb The New Yorker, \u201cJeta amerikane \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7rr\u00ebnjosur papritmas dhe dramatikisht dhe kur gj\u00ebrat kthehen p\u00ebrmbys, fundi del n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe dhe ekspozohet ndaj drit\u00ebs.\u201d Ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb vit i demaskimeve t\u00eb sh\u00ebmtuara, q\u00eb shumica e amerikan\u00ebve – milionat q\u00eb u pushuan nga puna, ose u larguan p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht, apo e pat\u00ebn fatin t\u00eb konsiderohen \u201cjothelb\u00ebsor\u00eb\u201d \u2013 e pat\u00ebn p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e izolimit n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Sht\u00ebpia, ku en\u00ebt grumbullohen, ku ngarkesat e pastrimit dhe rrobave shtohen n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb kujdesit. Sht\u00ebpia, e cila ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb vendi i pun\u00ebs i dikujt, por q\u00eb tash, p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz se kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb p\u00ebrplasjesh p\u00ebr lloje t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. Sht\u00ebpia, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb largimit nga puna dhe d\u00ebbimit, e kan\u00eb humbur ose rrezikojn\u00eb ta humbin plot\u00ebsisht gati 34 milion\u00eb amerikan\u00eb .<\/p>\n

Si mund t\u00eb ishte dukur ndryshe ky vit, po t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohej me nj\u00eb \u00e7mim puna q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u kujdesur p\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, veten dhe bot\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth? Si do t\u00eb dukej ndryshe e ardhmja n\u00ebse, si\u00e7 sugjeron Federici, \u201crefuzojm\u00eb t\u00eb bazojm\u00eb jet\u00ebn dhe riprodhimin ton\u00eb mbi vuajtjet e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve”, n\u00ebse “nuk pranojm\u00eb ta shohim veten t\u00eb ndar\u00eb nga ta”?<\/p>\n

Profili i Federici-t \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur q\u00eb nga \u201cOccupy Wall Street\u201d- nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ajo e mb\u00ebshteti dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shkroi, dhe q\u00eb vuri nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb ri t\u00eb feminist\u00ebve majtiste n\u00eb kontakt me shkrimet e saj. Vitin e fundit, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb cituar vazhdimisht n\u00eb botimet e njohura \u2013 q\u00eb nga \u201cThe New Yorker\u201d n\u00eb \u201cThe Atlantic\u201d n\u00eb \u201cThe Cut\u201d n\u00eb \u201cTeen Vogue\u201d, n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb titulluar “Feminizmi Socialist: \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe si mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb feminizmin korporativ t\u00eb \u00a0shefeve?\u201d<\/p>\n

Kur u takuam n\u00eb muajin maj, Federici dukej m\u00eb pak n\u00eb panik, ose ndoshta m\u00eb pak e befasuar, sesa shumica e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve q\u00eb i njihja. Ajo ishte e p\u00ebrqendruar dhe e shpejt\u00eb nd\u00ebrsa ecte krah meje n\u00ebp\u00ebr park, duke buz\u00ebqeshur n\u00ebn mask\u00ebn e saj. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e dob\u00ebt dhe thatanike, me duar t\u00eb gjalla dhe flok\u00eb gri t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr dhe ka\u00e7urrela. Tek ecnim, ajo fliste shpejt, duke zb\u00ebrthyer sistemet e \u00e7ara, format e nd\u00ebrlidhura t\u00eb ndjeshm\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb ishin gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme, por q\u00eb tani po preknin edhe njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb mendonin se ishin imun\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ajo thot\u00eb se her\u00eb pas here befasohet q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit tash po e th\u00ebrrasin p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur p\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb ajo shkroi 20 ose 30 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Por ajo dyshonte prej koh\u00ebsh se rreziqet e zhvler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb kujdesit do t\u00eb materializoheshin p\u00ebrfundimisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb q\u00eb s\u2019injorohet dot. \u201cKushti para-ekzistues \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb e b\u00ebn jet\u00ebn t\u00eb patolerueshme dhe t\u00eb pash\u00ebndetshme p\u00ebr miliona njer\u00ebz\u2026 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb nuk po funksionon – ky \u00ebsht\u00eb kushti kryesor para-ekzistues.\u201d<\/p>\n

Federici u lind \u201cn\u00ebn bomba\u201d. Si vajza e dyt\u00eb e nj\u00eb profesori filozofie n\u00eb Parma t\u00eb Italis\u00eb, si\u00e7 do t\u2019i tregonte e \u00ebma m\u00eb von\u00eb, ajo ishte nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb i paq\u00ebllimt\u00eb i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb luft\u00ebs. \u201cUn\u00eb kam lindur n\u00eb Parma m\u00eb 1942, mendoj nj\u00eb nga vitet m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija n\u00eb historin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore,\u201d m\u00eb tha. \u201cJanari ishte fillimi i Zgjidhjes P\u00ebrfundimtare.\u201d N\u00ebna e saj duhej t\u00eb flinte me rroba dhe t\u00eb zgjohej n\u00ebn qiellin e kuq n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nat\u00ebs, t\u00eb merrte t\u00eb porsalindur\u00ebn Federici dhe motr\u00ebn e saj 4-vje\u00e7are dhe t\u00eb \u201cvraponte pa u ndalur\u201d drejt periferis\u00eb s\u00eb Parm\u00ebs, n\u00ebp\u00ebr fusha, ku ajo ulej cuc me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt derisa t\u00eb vinte agimi. Mes t\u00eb qeshurave, ajo m\u00eb tha q\u00eb kjo p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb nga tmerri i strukjes n\u00eb fusha me foshnje, shishet e qum\u00ebshtit, cenueshm\u00ebria e tmerrshme e bot\u00ebs e b\u00ebri mos t\u00eb d\u00ebshironte kurr\u00eb t\u00eb kishte f\u00ebmij\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ndryshe nga shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Italis\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, Parma ishte bastion i komunist\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb adoleshenc\u00ebn e saj Federici u ndikua nga veprimtaria dhe l\u00ebvizjet antifashiste. Teorit\u00eb e shtypjes dhe t\u00eb drejtat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve tema t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb dark\u00ebs. Gjat\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb, prind\u00ebrit e saj dhe miqt\u00eb e tyre diskutonin p\u00ebr at\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u201cn\u00ebnkuptonte\u201d lufta dhe \u00e7far\u00eb kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb fashizmi.<\/p>\n

Politika e majtist\u00ebve t\u00eb Parm\u00ebs bashk\u00ebjetonte parehatsh\u00ebm me kultur\u00ebn e saj intensive patriarkale: babai i Federicit, nj\u00eb profesor i filozofis\u00eb, ishte \u201ci dituri\u201d. N\u00ebna e saj, e cila vinte nga nj\u00eb familje fshatare, \u201csupozohej se nuk ishte e ditur\u201d. Ajo gatuante, pastronte, b\u00ebnte blerjet dhe kujdesej p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe punonte me dor\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ata nuk kishin mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb blinin. \u201cAskush nuk e sheh pun\u00ebn time\u201d, do t\u00eb ankohej n\u00ebna e Federici-t. Babai i saj do ta ngacmonte, \u201ck\u00ebshtu ndodh\u00eb sepse kjo pun\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 30-vje\u00e7are, Federici nuk e pranonte iden\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u rrit se gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb n\u00ebna e saj kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cpun\u00eb grash\u00eb\u201d (m\u00eb von\u00eb, si studente e diplomuar q\u00eb studionte fenomenologjin\u00eb n\u00eb Buffalo, ajo h\u00ebngri hotdog\u00eb t\u00eb papjekur dhe patate q\u00eb ajo – i ziente pa pik\u00eb qejfi). \u201cBesoj se e ndjeva zhvler\u00ebsimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Ishte nj\u00eb aktivitet q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmbante as shp\u00ebrblime as k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi\u201d.<\/p>\n

Por Federici e vler\u00ebson n\u00ebn\u00ebn e saj p\u00ebr ekspozimin ndaj ideve q\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin vep\u00ebr e jet\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb. \u201cUn\u00eb d\u00ebgjoja dhe flisja p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtorin e fabrik\u00ebs\u201d, m\u00eb tha Federici. \u201cKlasa pun\u00ebtore p\u00ebr mua ishte pun\u00ebtori i fabrik\u00ebs. Dhe n\u00ebna ime disa her\u00eb m\u00eb tha, \u2018Ti gjithmon\u00eb flet p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e fabrik\u00ebs sikur t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb vetmit q\u00eb punojn\u00eb!<\/em>\u00a0\u2018\u201d Ajo goditi stolin e parkut ku ishim ulur me nj\u00ebrin grusht. \u201cAjo<\/em>\u00a0u shpreh ashtu, jo babai im, \u00a0m\u00ebsuesi, intelektuali, dhe i dituri. Ajo ishte p\u00ebrsoni q\u00eb m`i tha gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb politika ime. Si p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, si p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt bujq\u00ebsore, ajo ishte q\u00eb n\u00eb parim thoshte: \u2018Puna \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kominoshet blu<\/em>!\u2019\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

Politika e Federici-t nuk u shoshit plot\u00ebsisht deri 10 vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, m\u00eb 1967, kur ajo u zhvendos n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar me nj\u00eb burs\u00eb Fulbright. Ajo u frym\u00ebzua nga l\u00ebvizjet e gjalla kund\u00ebr luft\u00ebs dhe l\u00ebvizjet studentore n\u00eb Buffalo dhe nga l\u00ebvizja p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat civile. Megjithat\u00eb, deri n\u00eb vitin 1972 ajo nuk e shihte fare feminizmin si qendror p\u00ebr pik\u00ebpamjet e saj politike, kur nj\u00eb mik i d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb pamflet n\u00eb italisht nga feministja Mariarosa Dalla Costa: \u201cDonne e sovversione sociale<\/em>“, ose \u201cGrat\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmbysja e komunitetit\u201d (versioni m\u00eb i njohur i k\u00ebsaj eseje quhet \u201cFuqia e Grave dhe P\u00ebrmbysja e Komunitetit\u201d e q\u00eb u shkrua nga Dalla Costa dhe aktivistja Amerikane Selma James). Eseja argumentonte se duke punuar pa pag\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, grat\u00eb po prodhonin fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kapitalizmi e shfryt\u00ebzonte p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitim.<\/p>\n

Ky nocion ishte nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kthese p\u00ebr Federici-n. \u201cMenj\u00ebher\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka mori kuptim\u201d, tha ajo. Ankesat e n\u00ebn\u00ebs s\u00eb saj rreth asaj se si vet\u00ebm burrat n\u00eb fabrika shihen si pun\u00ebtor\u00eb autentik; urrejtja e saj ndaj pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ajo ende nuk e kishte menduar si t\u00eb lidhur me marksizmin. Federici u p\u00ebrfshi me nj\u00eb grup feminist\u00ebsh, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Dalla Costa dhe James, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e quanin veten Kolektivi Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar Feminist (IFC). I.F.C. filloi fushat\u00ebn\u00a0Pagat p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb<\/em>. Federici me bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtoren e saj Nicole Cox, themeloi kapitullin e par\u00eb t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Pagave p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb n\u00eb New York n\u00eb 1974 me udh\u00ebzimet e James.<\/p>\n

Eseja e Federici-t \u201cPagat sipas Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d, botuar m\u00eb 1975, ishte nj\u00eb manifest i hersh\u00ebm plot pasion p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen dhe mbetet nj\u00eb nga tekstet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb saj. \u201cT\u00eb thuash q\u00eb duam paga p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb zbulosh faktin se pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb para p\u00ebr kapitalin, se kapitali ka b\u00ebr\u00eb dhe b\u00ebn para nga gatimi yn\u00eb i shoq\u00ebruar me buz\u00ebqeshje\u201d, shkroi ajo, duke iu referuar seksit. \u201cN\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, kjo tregon se ne kemi gatuar, buz\u00ebqeshur, gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb viteve, jo sepse ishte m\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr ne se sa p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, por sepse nuk kishim ndonj\u00eb zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr. Fytyrat tona jan\u00eb shtremb\u00ebruar nga kaq shum\u00eb buz\u00ebqeshje.\u201d<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga fillimi,\u00a0Pagat sipas Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0kishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb se kush i p\u00ebrkiste l\u00ebvizjes feministe. \u201cNe duam dhe duhet t\u00eb themi q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha jemi amvise, t\u00eb gjitha jemi prostituta dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jemi homoseksual\u00eb. … Sepse p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb mendojm\u00eb se jemi di\u00e7ka m\u00eb e mir\u00eb, di\u00e7ka ndryshe nga nj\u00eb amvise, ne pranojm\u00eb logjik\u00ebn e zotit, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb logjik\u00eb e ndarjes\u201d- shkroi Federici. Toni i saj ishte pothuajse p\u00ebrgj\u00ebrues kur ajo sugjeronte q\u00eb shoq\u00ebria duhet t\u00eb heq\u00eb qafe nocionin se disa njer\u00ebz jan\u00eb servil\u00eb ose t\u00eb varur p\u00ebr nga natyra, se gjith\u00e7ka mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u201cpun\u00eb e dashuris\u00eb\u201d. \u201cNe duam ta quajm\u00eb pun\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb,\u201d shkroi ajo, \u201cn\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht t\u00eb mund t\u00eb rizbulojm\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dashuri.\u201d<\/p>\n

Komiteti i ri i Nju Jorkut punonte nga nj\u00eb dyqan n\u00eb Park Slope, Brooklyn, ku b\u00ebn\u00eb fushat\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e kushteve jet\u00ebsore p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e varf\u00ebra. Ata mb\u00ebshteten formimin e grupeve tjera n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin dhe n\u00eb Kanada, dhe punuan me aktivistet Margaret Prescod dhe \u00cbilmette Bro\u00ebn, e cila formoi Grat\u00eb e Zeza p\u00ebr Pagat sipas Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. Ata b\u00ebn\u00eb fushat\u00eb s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahje t\u00eb aktivist\u00ebve t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies, ngase e konsideronin mir\u00ebqenien si fitoren e par\u00eb n\u00eb betej\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar nga qeveria q\u00eb t\u00eb kompensoj\u00eb grat\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por pas kat\u00ebr vitesh, rrjeti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar u shp\u00ebrb\u00eb. Komiteti i Nju Jorkut, mes t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, u shp\u00ebrb\u00eb pas largimit t\u00eb James-it dhe Prescod-it, t\u00eb cilat pretendojn\u00eb se prioritetet e Grave t\u00eb Zeza p\u00ebr Paga sipas Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb u injoruan; Federici e mohon, dhe pretendon se grupi kishte problem me James-in.<\/p>\n

Deri s\u00eb voni, t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt refuzuan t\u00eb diskutojn\u00eb hapur konfliktin shkat\u00ebrrimtar, t\u00eb bindura se do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrqendronte v\u00ebmendjen nga puna e tyre. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb terren posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht i ndjesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb neglizhimit dhe margjinalizimit p\u00ebrbrenda t\u00eb t\u00eb zinjve, t\u00eb kaft\u00ebve, indigjen\u00ebve, \u2018queer-\u00ebve dhe transseksual\u00ebve nga t\u00eb bardh\u00ebt p\u00ebrbrenda l\u00ebvizj\u00ebs feministe. Ndon\u00ebse nuk jan\u00eb pajtuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb, Federici, James dhe Prescod pat\u00ebn karrier\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme n\u00eb aktivizmin feminist \u2013 James dhe Prescod p\u00ebrbrenda fushat\u00ebs\u00a0Pagat sipas Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0dhe Grev\u00ebs Globale t\u00eb Grave, nd\u00ebrsa Federici si aktiviste me Projektin Kund\u00ebr D\u00ebnimit me Vdekje t\u00eb Shoqat\u00ebs s\u00eb Filozofis\u00eb Radikale dhe n\u00eb Komitetin p\u00ebr Liri Akademike n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs, si dhe si profesore n\u00eb Universitetin Hofstra.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Artikulli origjinal n\u00eb\u00a0New York Times<\/a>, m\u00eb\u00a022 shkurt 2021.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

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Ky artikull\u00a0mb\u00ebshtetet nga “Sbunker” p\u00ebrmes projektit t\u00eb financuar nga Ambasada Amerikane. Mendimet e shprehura k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit\u00a0dhe jo medoemos pasqyrojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Silvia Federici ka paralajm\u00ebruar me dekada se \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh kur n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsohet puna sht\u00ebpiake. Parku Prospect n\u00eb muajin maj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aren\u00eb bukurie: livadhe dhe shetitje t\u00eb dendura, lart\u00ebsira dhe ult\u00ebsira, gjith\u00e7ka e mbuluar nga shkurre frutore, kaqa, manushaqe, murriz\u00eb, manjolie dhe drunj\u00eb bliri. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb madh\u00ebshti, zogjt\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb zhurmsh\u00ebm, ashtu si edhe njer\u00ebzit. Por […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":126,"featured_media":10428,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1366,1221],"ppma_author":[151],"class_list":["post-4715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-ekonomia","tag-grate"],"authors":[{"term_id":151,"user_id":126,"is_guest":0,"slug":"jordankisner","display_name":"Jordan Kisner","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-17-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-17-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Kisner","first_name":"Jordan","description":"Jordan Kisner shkruan ese dhe shkrime p\u00ebr n+1, The Atlantic, The New York Times Magazine, The Guardian, The Believer dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Libri i saj i par\u00eb, \"Thin Places\", \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga \"librat m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb NPR-s\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2020\"."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/126"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4715"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4715\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10429,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4715\/revisions\/10429"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4715"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4715"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4715"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}