{"id":4719,"date":"2021-05-07T14:22:01","date_gmt":"2021-05-07T12:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4719"},"modified":"2025-02-06T14:24:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T12:24:52","slug":"mbyllja-tregoi-se-si-i-eksploaton-ekonomia-grate-ajo-e-dinte-qe-moti-pjesa-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/kritike\/mbyllja-tregoi-se-si-i-eksploaton-ekonomia-grate-ajo-e-dinte-qe-moti-pjesa-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Mbyllja tregoi se si i eksploaton ekonomia grat\u00eb. Ajo e dinte q\u00eb moti. (pjesa II)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Libri m\u00eb me ndikim i Federici-t doli gati 30 vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, me botimin e \u201cKalibani dhe Shtriga\u201d [Caliban and the Witch] m\u00eb 2004. Shum\u00eb feministe antikapitaliste si Bell Hooks, Angela Davis, \u00cbilmette Bro\u00ebn dhe Kolektivi Combahee River kan\u00eb argumentuar q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1970 se beteja feministe duhet t\u00eb perfshij\u00eb doemos gjinin\u00eb dhe rac\u00ebn sepse kapitalizmi shtyp grat\u00eb, njer\u00ebzit me ngjyr\u00eb dhe klas\u00ebn pun\u00ebtore. Kontributi i \u201cKalibanit dhe Shtrig\u00ebs\u201d p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb tradit\u00eb ka qen\u00eb gjurmimi i k\u00ebtyre formave t\u00eb shtypjes tek nj\u00eb burim i vet\u00ebm, duke argumentuar se zanafillat e tyre ishin t\u00eb pandashme.<\/p>\n

Federici propozon nj\u00eb teori t\u00eb re p\u00ebr tranzicionin prej feudalizmit te kapitalizmi n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, duke mbledhur d\u00ebshmi historike p\u00ebr t\u00eb argumentuar se ky qe gjithashtu momenti kur puna e grave u vu n\u00ebn kontroll t\u00eb t\u00eb zot\u00ebve t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe u mb\u00ebrthye brenda sfer\u00ebs sht\u00ebpiake. Grat\u00eb ishin ato t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb lindnin dhe t\u00eb rrisnin fuqin\u00eb e pun\u00ebs, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb autonomia e tyre, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb lindur f\u00ebmij\u00eb, kishte nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb \u201crrethohej\u201d. Pastaj duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebh\u00ebj \u201cnatyrale,\u201d thua se jeta sht\u00ebpiake qe thjesht gjendje dhe d\u00ebshir\u00eb e brendshme e grave. Ky tranzicion qe i dhunsh\u00ebm, thot\u00eb ajo, duke cituar mij\u00ebra gra t\u00eb vrara gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe, zakonisht gra t\u00eb cilat nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb konformoheshin ndaj nj\u00eb realiteti t\u00eb ri dhe radikalisht t\u00eb kufizuar dhe q\u00eb ishin akuzuar se ishin shtriga.<\/p>\n

\u201cKapitalizmi si sistem socio-ekonomik, i p\u00ebrkushtohet domosdoshm\u00ebrisht racizmit dhe seksizmit,\u201d shkroi Federici. \u201cNgase kapitalizmi duhet t\u00eb arsyetoj\u00eb dhe mistifikoj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtit\u00eb e thurura n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e tij shoq\u00ebrore \u2026 duke denigruar \u201cnatyr\u00ebn\u201d e k\u00ebtyre eksploatimeve: grat\u00eb, subjektet koloniale, pasardh\u00ebsit e skllev\u00ebrve afrikan\u00eb, imigrant\u00ebt e zhvendosur nga globalizimi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Federici argumenton se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201ce natyrshme\u201d q\u00eb llojet e pun\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me p\u00ebrkujdesjen e jet\u00ebs t\u00eb jen\u00eb fush\u00ebveprim i ndonj\u00eb gjinie; as nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e natyrshme ose e pashmangshme q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtrohen nga nj\u00eb sistem ekonomik q\u00eb i shkon p\u00ebr shtati vet\u00ebm disave. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb thjesht konvencione t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr ngritjen e nj\u00eb sistemi ekonomik q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb aq gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs sa nuk kemi dot guxim q\u00eb t\u00eb paramendojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. \u201cKjo ka ndodhur p\u00ebr profitin e dikujt\u201d, thot\u00eb Federici. Ky rend gj\u00ebrash mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbyset.<\/p>\n

Viti i fundit – ky vit murtaje, ky vit zgjedhor, ky vit i tmerrsh\u00ebm – ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb e frytshme p\u00ebr t’i kushtuar v\u00ebmendje kush fiton nga sistemi yn\u00eb ekonomik dhe n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb kujt. N\u00eb vitin e fundit, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 70 milion\u00eb amerikan\u00eb u regjistruan si t\u00eb papun\u00eb, shumica n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt e sh\u00ebrbimeve, ku ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa q\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt t\u00eb jen\u00eb gra me ngjyr\u00eb. Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt me pag\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt i humb\u00ebn vendet e tyre t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe q\u00ebndruan t\u00eb papun\u00ebsuar m\u00eb gjat\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve ky\u00e7, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt vazhduan t\u00eb punojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb duke rrezikuar sh\u00ebndetin, ishin gra dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disproporcionale gra me ngjyr\u00eb. Nj\u00eb artikull n\u00eb\u00a0Think Global Health<\/em>\u00a0nga studiuesja Catherine Po\u00ebell, profesore e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Fordham, p\u00ebrshkroi nj\u00eb \u201cparadoks t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb \u2013 racore\u201d n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin amerikan\u00ebt me ngjyr\u00eb kan\u00eb \u201cm\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndikimeve t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs , \u201cpor jan\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht\u201d t\u00eb mbip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar midis pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve ky\u00e7 t\u00eb cil\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e tyre t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht pozicione me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, ku ata jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozimit ndaj virusit\u201d. Ky paradoks u ka kushtuar me jet\u00eb mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin e fundit, grat\u00eb n\u00eb kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor kan\u00eb dal\u00eb m\u00eb keq sesa homolog\u00ebt e tyre meshkuj:\u00a0 Nj\u00eb studim nga C.D.C. raportoi se 72 p\u00ebrqind e punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb spitalizuar me Covid n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn midis muajit mars dhe maj t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar qen\u00eb gra. Shum\u00eb qen\u00eb infermiere dhe asistente t\u00eb \u00e7ertifikuara t\u00eb infermieris\u00eb, pun\u00eb k\u00ebto q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kujdes t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb p\u00ebr pacient\u00ebt – banj\u00eb me sfungjer, ushqyerje, administrim i ila\u00e7eve – dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb populluara nga gra dhe njer\u00ebz me ngjyr\u00eb (ato gjithashtu jan\u00eb paguar m\u00eb pak sesa ata n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebruara nga meshkujt). Punonj\u00ebsit n\u00eb mir\u00ebmbajtjen e spitaleve dhe ndihm\u00ebsit e kujdesit sht\u00ebpiak gjithashtu u s\u00ebmur\u00ebn dhe vdiq\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb madh.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin e fundit, mir\u00ebmbajt\u00ebsit jan\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me nj\u00eb \u201ckriz\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb humanitare\u201d. Aleanca Komb\u00ebtare e Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve sht\u00ebpiak raportoi deri n\u00eb 60 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb muajin maj, duke shtuar se shum\u00eb nga an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj nuk po merrnin asnj\u00eb lloj ndihme t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb sepse ishin pa dokumente.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb muajin dhjetor, 156,000 gra humb\u00ebn vendet e pun\u00ebs; burrat fituan 16,000 sosh, sipas nj\u00eb analize nga Qendra Komb\u00ebtare e Ligjit p\u00ebr Grat\u00eb. Por, si\u00e7 ndodh\u00eb zakonisht, vler\u00ebsimi i grave si nj\u00eb \u201ckategori\u201d e p\u00ebrgjithshme fsheh\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje e m\u00ebtejshme e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave zbuloi se ishin grat\u00eb me ngjyr\u00eb, grat\u00eb latine dhe ato aziatiko-amerikane q\u00eb p\u00ebsuan humbje t\u00eb pun\u00ebs – grat\u00eb e bardha n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb fituan pun\u00eb. Pritet q\u00eb kur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i grave t\u00eb papuna t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, ato do t\u00eb paguhen me paga m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta se m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin e fundit, 2.3 milion gra amerikane thuhet se u larguan nga fuqia pun\u00ebtore – shpesh p\u00ebr t`u kujdesur p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt kur u mbyllen shkollat dhe kujdesi ditor. Meq\u00eb ato jan\u00eb larguar nga fuqia pun\u00ebtore plot\u00ebsisht dhe nuk po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb reja, ato nuk llogariten m\u00eb n\u00eb statistikat e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin e fundit, miliarder\u00ebt e Amerik\u00ebs u pasuruan p\u00ebr 1.1 bilion dollar\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb. E gjith\u00eb kjo, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb debateve perverse lidhur me at\u00eb se jeta e kujt \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranueshme t\u00eb sakrifikohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar ekonomin\u00eb. Presidenti Trump pranoi n\u00eb muajin maj se me rinisjen e aktivitetit ekonomik, do t\u00eb vdesin m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, por deklaronte se \u201cduhet ta rikthejm\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb.\u201d Vendin e kujt? P\u00ebr kend ta kthejm\u00eb?<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb disi m\u00eb pak se e habitshme q\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri me m\u00eb pak k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulje p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00eb ndaj vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore kur i z\u00eb rrug\u00ebn profitit t\u00eb nj\u00eb klas\u00eb sunduese t\u00eb pasur, t\u00eb bardh\u00eb, shpesh mashkullore. Nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri \u201cq\u00eb u lejon milioner\u00ebve q\u00eb pasurin\u00eb e tyre ta investojn\u00eb n\u00eb apartamente t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta teksa familjet e pastreha q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00eb\u201d, shkroi Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor n\u00eb mars, \u201cq\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnon me d\u00ebbim dhe d\u00ebnime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda p\u00ebr mospagim t\u00eb huave, teksa qindra miliona jan\u00eb t\u00eb urdh\u00ebruar t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb brenda p\u00ebr t`i dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund virusit, \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7orodit\u00ebse n\u00eb mosp\u00ebrputhjen dhe mizorin\u00eb e saj\u201d.<\/p>\n

Taylor-i \u00ebsht\u00eb prej nj\u00eb brezi studiuesish dhe aktivist\u00ebsh q\u00eb i kushtojn\u00eb v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb re majtist\u00ebve, shpesh t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga krahu i zezak\u00ebve t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes feministe q\u00eb ishin neglizhuar nga feminizmi i bardh\u00eb. N\u00eb shkrimet e vitit 1984, Hooks e p\u00ebrmblodhi at\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb: \u201cve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb lidhje me pun\u00ebn, shum\u00eb reforma liberale feministe ve\u00e7se p\u00ebrforcuan vlerat kapitaliste, materialiste (duke ilustruar fleksibilitetin e kapitalizmit) pa i \u00e7liruar me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb grat\u00eb ekonomikisht.\u201d Shum\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb asaj epoke, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Hooks, Angela Davis, Audre Lorde dhe an\u00ebtaret e Combahee River Collective, k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebn s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb tani shihet gjer\u00ebsisht si sens i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt: feminizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe pa dh\u00ebmb\u00eb edhe hipokrit n\u00ebse injoron nevojat materiale t\u00eb grave t\u00eb varf\u00ebra, me ngjyr\u00eb, homoseksual\u00ebve, transgjinor\u00ebve, atyre me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara, emigrant\u00ebve ose atyre q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara. Trash\u00ebgimia e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga aktivist\u00ebt dhe studiuesit bashk\u00ebkohor\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb sociale si Taylor, Adrienne Maree Brown, Rachel Cargle, Dean Spade dhe Mariame Kaba. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb sot energjia e s\u00eb majt\u00ebs, n\u00ebse jo shumica e paras\u00eb apo fuqis\u00eb institucionale.<\/p>\n

Ka nj\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb vazhdueshme, ende pa p\u00ebrgjigje, se si l\u00ebvizja feministe amerikane do t\u00eb rimbledh\u00eb veten tani, dhe n\u00ebse do t\u00eb shtyj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim ideologjik m\u00eb t\u00eb harmonizuar mendimtar\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i ka margjinalizuar. \u201cReformat feministe liberale\u201d t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20, t\u00eb cilat u kthyen n\u00eb feminizmin e korporatave t\u00eb shekullit 21. Kjo e goditi q\u00ebllimin e saj logjik n\u00eb feminizmin e brenduar dhe t\u00eb parullave t\u00eb 10 viteve t\u00eb fundit. Pati feminiz\u00ebm \u201cme anim\u201d, i cili vler\u00ebsonte se hyrja e grave n\u00eb suit\u00ebn-C k\u00ebrkonte vet\u00ebm llojin e duhur t\u00eb vullnetit p\u00ebr pushtet dhe dor\u00ebzimin e pap\u00ebrkulsh\u00ebm ndaj k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr krijim t\u00eb familjes. Pastaj ishte faza e \u2018cool\u2019-it: bluzat \u201cE ARDHMJA \u00cbSHT\u00cb FEM\u00cbR\u201d, kapelat e bejsbollit \u201cSidoqoft\u00eb, Ajo Ngulmoi\u201d. Ishte nj\u00eb dyqan tregtar i Wing (\u201chap\u00ebsira e grave\u201d me \u00e7mime t\u00eb larta, t\u00eb brendshme roz\u00eb p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe, si\u00e7 pretenduan punonj\u00ebsit, kultur\u00eb e brendshme abuzive dhe raciste) q\u00eb shiste gjer\u00ebsisht t\u00eb popullarizuarat \u201cHead Witch In Charge\u201d dhe “Girls Doing\u201d. Sidoqoft\u00eb, ata d\u00ebshironin zingjir\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 rezulton, \u201cvajzat\u201d, ose m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht grat\u00eb, nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb b\u00ebnin \u00e7far\u00eb d\u00ebshironin k\u00ebt\u00eb vit. Megjith\u00ebse – si\u00e7 theksuan njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb lidhje me zinxhir\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb – p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsimi te \u201cgrat\u00eb\u201d si kategori e p\u00ebrgjithshme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prospekt me t\u00eb meta. (\u201c\u00c7far\u00eb kuptoni kur thoni gra?\u201d e pyeta Federici-n n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga sh\u00ebtitjet tona. \u201cP\u00ebr mua ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb kryesisht n\u00eb terma t\u00eb kategoris\u00eb politike”, tha ajo, duke p\u00ebrkufizuar \u201cgrat\u00eb\u201d si t\u00eb gjitha ato q\u00eb vuajn\u00eb n\u00ebn kushtet materiale q\u00eb u jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar historikisht, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb trangjinor\u00ebt dhe ata jobinar\u00eb, inter-seksual\u00ebt, agjinor\u00ebt dhe \u2018queer\u2019). Dhe vitet si 2020 nuk bien barabar mbi t\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Premtimet e feminizmit liberal nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb kurr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta, pasi popullsia e madhe e grave q\u00eb u lan\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht jasht\u00eb k\u00ebtij vizioni \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur. Barazia gjinore n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore (e n\u00ebnkuptuar nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi i barabart\u00eb apo edhe paga e barabart\u00eb) nuk u materializua kurr\u00eb, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer pas me breza nga problemi i pazgjidhur i pun\u00ebve sht\u00ebpiake. K\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje po marrin hov n\u00eb sallat e pushtetit – jo ngaq\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb reja, por sepse prekin edhe grat\u00eb e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme dhe t\u00eb lart\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht grat\u00eb e bardha. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, nj\u00eb interes i gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr socializmin nuk ka ardhur thua se kapitalizmi sapo ka filluar t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt, por sepse ekonomia angazhuese dhe nj\u00eb rrjet i zhdukur i siguris\u00eb sociale kan\u00eb zgjeruar rrethin e atyre q\u00eb d\u00ebmtohen.<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00ebsimi q\u00eb kemi marr\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces \u00ebsht\u00eb se ne nuk mund ta ndryshojm\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme pa i ndryshuar institucionet e saj t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme dhe sistemin politik dhe ekonomik me t\u00eb cilin ato strukturohen\u201d shkruan Federici n\u00eb librin e saj\u00a0\u201cRimagjepsja e bot\u00ebs: Feminizmi dhe Politika e t\u00eb P\u00ebrbashk\u00ebtave\u201d.\u00a0<\/em>Ka modele p\u00ebr t\u2019i rezistuar \u201cnj\u00eb sistemi shoq\u00ebror t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar n\u00eb zhvler\u00ebsimin e jet\u00ebs son\u00eb\u201d, argumenton ajo. Ka m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr ta rikthyer at\u00eb vler\u00eb, duke e rivendosur aty ku ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Federici ende jeton n\u00eb Park Slope, si\u00e7 ka jetuar me intervale q\u00eb nga viti 1970. Ajo u takua me George Caffentzis n\u00eb vitin 1973, kur ata u b\u00ebn\u00eb shok\u00eb dhome. Brenda vitit ata u b\u00ebn\u00eb bashk\u00eb. Caffentzis b\u00ebri shumic\u00ebn e gatimeve gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb partneritetit t\u00eb tyre deri s\u00eb fundmi kur s\u00ebmundja e Parkinsonit e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Federici mori p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr gatimet, t\u00eb cilat i p\u00eblqente m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa n\u00eb t\u00eb 20-at e saj. Caffentzis-it i p\u00eblqen t\u00eb gatuaj\u00eb, m\u00eb tha ajo, dhe k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia e tij p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb e ndihmoi at\u00eb ta shihte detyr\u00ebn si m\u00eb pak t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb bukur. Megjithat\u00eb, ajo u referohet k\u00ebtyre detyrave sht\u00ebpiake si \u201criprodhim\u201d n\u00eb bashk\u00ebbisedim – si at\u00ebher\u00eb kur thot\u00eb: \u201cUn\u00eb b\u00ebj m\u00eb shum\u00eb riprodhim sesa n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. M\u00eb par\u00eb, kishim nj\u00eb ndarje m\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n

Banesa e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbushur me qindra libra – n\u00eb rafte, por gjithashtu t\u00eb grumbulluara n\u00ebn divan dhe krevat, t\u00eb grumbulluara n\u00eb qoshe t\u00eb dhomave, madje edhe t\u00eb fshehura n\u00eb dollap\u00ebt e kuzhin\u00ebs mes en\u00ebve. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 78 vje\u00e7are, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma aktive: ajo po redakton nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr rreth d\u00ebnimit me vdekje (p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ajo ka b\u00ebr\u00eb fushat\u00eb p\u00ebr vite me radh\u00eb) dhe po p\u00ebrgatit\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr botim: \u201cPatriarkia e Pagave: Sh\u00ebnime p\u00ebr Marksin, Gjinin\u00eb dhe Feminizmin\u201d i cili do t\u00eb publikohet n\u00eb muajin maj. Temat e tij jan\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat pyetje q\u00eb ajo ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb nga vitet 70-a: pse kritikat marksiste t\u00eb kapitalizmit i neglizhuan kaq plot\u00ebsisht llojet e pun\u00ebs q\u00eb nuk ndodhin n\u00eb ato q\u00eb ne zakonisht i mendojm\u00eb si vende pune? Cilat jan\u00eb rreziqet e k\u00ebtij l\u00ebshimi?<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga sh\u00ebtitjet tona, Federici m\u00eb tregoi se p\u00ebr tre vjet ajo nuk kishte shkruar fare. N\u00ebna e saj e moshuar kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr kujdes gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb dit\u00ebs dhe Federici fluturoi drejt Parm\u00ebs p\u00ebr t’u bashkuar me motr\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje. \u201cAjo nuk mund t\u00eb l\u00ebvizte. Un\u00eb, motra ime, gjith\u00eb dit\u00ebn, dhe nuk mjaftonte. Ishim t\u00eb st\u00ebrlodhura n\u00eb or\u00ebn 9, kur ajo m\u00eb n\u00eb fund flinte. \u201d<\/p>\n

Federici zbuloi se gjat\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb saj 14-ditor n\u00eb spital, n\u00ebna e saj kishte marr\u00eb plag\u00eb t\u00eb thella n\u00eb shtrat. \u201cKy ishte nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb cilin nuk mund ta harroj kurr\u00eb, t\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebrim. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb tani?”<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dit\u00ebt q\u00eb pasuan, p\u00ebrderisa Federici dhe motra e saj e vishnin dhe ia pastronin plag\u00ebt n\u00ebn\u00ebs, duke e vendosur n\u00eb divan dhe duke e ngritur nga divani ashtu q\u00eb t\u00eb mos rrinte e shtrir\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb shtrat, e ushqenin, e vishnin, e pastronin, mendja e Federici-t kthehej shpesh te kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. \u201cImagjinoni sikur t\u00eb kishim nj\u00eb lloj strukture n\u00eb komunitet q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb na ndihmonte! Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb kam pasur gjithnj\u00eb n\u00eb mendje: un\u00eb jam k\u00ebtu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend – duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb edhe mij\u00ebra gra t\u00eb tjera si un\u00eb q\u00eb po kalojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin lloj agonie.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ajo u kthye nga un\u00eb dhe me nj\u00eb ngritje z\u00ebri m\u00eb tha: \u201cKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb jet\u00ebs. \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e vlefshme? Cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb, eh? Un\u00eb mendoj derisa nuk e trajtojm\u00eb at\u00eb? Derisa nuk e trajtojm\u00eb at\u00eb… \u201dPasi i vdiq n\u00ebna, ajo erdhi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe filloi t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebtat.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb 10 vitet e fundit, Federici ka kthyer fokusin e saj drejt nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysur \u201cmbylljen\u201d – procesin ku bota u nda dhe u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb profit. Pothuajse gjith\u00e7ka, argumenton Federici, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb \u201ce mbyllur\u201d brenda kapitalizmit: jo vet\u00ebm prona dhe toka por edhe trupat tan\u00eb, koha jon\u00eb, m\u00ebnyrat tona t\u00eb arsimimit, sh\u00ebndeti yn\u00eb, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet tona, v\u00ebmendja jon\u00eb, mendjet tona. Gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, si\u00e7 theksoi Francisco Cant\u00fa n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb muajit janar n\u00eb New Yorker q\u00eb po citonte Federici-n, aft\u00ebsia jon\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur me njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb duam \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuar dhe e monetarizuar nga kompanit\u00eb e teknologjis\u00eb. Ila\u00e7i p\u00ebr mbylljen, propozon Federici, \u00ebsht\u00eb duke e kthyer gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb bot\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebtat\u201d n\u00ebnkuptojn\u00eb resurset (tokat, njohurit\u00eb, materialin kulturor dhe intelektual) q\u00eb mbahen zakonisht jasht\u00eb \u00e7do lloj tregu. T\u00eb p\u00ebrbashkuarit \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo ide n\u00eb veprim, nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb e v\u00ebnies gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs suaj larg dor\u00ebs s\u00eb komodifikimit apo ekstraktimit. \u00a0Joshja e t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashkuarit \u00ebsht\u00eb se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur kudo p\u00ebr aq koh\u00eb sa ka nj\u00eb komunitet t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm: Nj\u00eb parcel\u00eb e zbraz\u00ebt mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb e vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr jetes\u00eb, shqet\u00ebsimet e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb nj\u00eb lagjeje mund t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohen me nj\u00eb klinik\u00eb lokale, t\u00eb drejtuar nga lagjia; puna e kujdesit mund t\u00eb ndahet mes familjeve. \u201cJu nuk keni nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr leje\u201d p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrbashkuar, thot\u00eb David Bollier, studiues i kahersh\u00ebm i p\u00ebrbashkimeve. \u201cJu nuk keni nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb keni p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues n\u00eb Uashington si lobues dhe avokat\u00eb. Ju nuk keni pse t\u00eb jeni ekspert – ju jeni ekspert t\u00eb shpron\u00ebsimit tuaj. Dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, ju mund t\u00eb sajoni disa prej gj\u00ebrave tuaja q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme sipas situates.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u00ebnyrat se si mund t\u00eb duket kjo jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb ndryshme sa komunitetet q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb adresojn\u00eb nevojat e paplot\u00ebsuara. Koh\u00ebt e fundit, nj\u00eb grup koduesish nd\u00ebrtuan nj\u00eb mjet falas n\u00eb internet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar familjet t\u00eb formonin dhe planifikonin kooperativat e kujdesit p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt. Rrjetet e ndihm\u00ebs reciproke jan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritje q\u00eb ka lul\u00ebzuar gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb: Duke p\u00ebrdorur di\u00e7ka kaq t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb si nj\u00eb Google Doc, fqinj\u00ebt mund t\u00eb shkruajn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb u duhet dhe at\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb japin, duke formuar (ose zbuluar) nj\u00eb rrjet marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniesh simbioze. (Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez udh\u00ebhoqi nj\u00eb konference me abolicionistin e burgut Mariame Kaba mbi bazat). K\u00ebto shk\u00ebmbime shpesh duken t\u00eb zakonshme: N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsoni nj\u00eb mjesht\u00ebr, nj\u00eb fqinj mund t\u00eb vij\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb tuaj p\u00ebr t’ju ndihmuar t\u00eb instaloni ventilatorin; n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim, ju mund ta ndihmoni at\u00eb, ose dik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, me taksat ose t\u00eb kujdeseni p\u00ebr kafsh\u00ebt ose kopshtin. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 dhurimit p\u00ebr organizata jofitimprur\u00ebse t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, ju gjithashtu mund t’u p\u00ebrgjigjeni thirrjeve n\u00eb rrjetin tuaj lokal t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar nj\u00eb fqinj q\u00eb ta paguaj\u00eb qiran\u00eb. P\u00ebrderisa k\u00ebrkohet nga qeveria ose organizatat e tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb alokuar resurset e nevojshme, komuniteti juaj mund t\u00eb bashkohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur resurset q\u00eb ka aktualisht.<\/p>\n

Modelet e Federici-t p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashkuarit e suksessh\u00ebm jan\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb internacionaliste dhe ajo v\u00ebren se komunitetet indigjene shpesh jan\u00eb shpik\u00ebse dhe mbajt\u00ebse t\u00eb praktikave t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashkimit: Ajo citon \u201cmbrojt\u00ebsit e ujit\u201d n\u00eb Amazon, L\u00ebvizjen e Popujve t\u00eb patok\u00eb n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut, kopshtet urbane n\u00eb Gana, grat\u00eb kiliane q\u00eb grumbulluan ushqimin dhe pun\u00ebn e tyre mes programeve shtr\u00ebnguese t\u00eb\u00a0 qeveris\u00eb. \u201cNuk jan\u00eb komunitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb industrializuara, por ato m\u00eb kohezive q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t’i rezistojn\u00eb dhe, n\u00eb disa raste, t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysin rrjedh\u00ebn e privatizimit,\u201d shkruan ajo n\u00eb\u00a0Patriarkati i Pagave<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga shembujt m\u00eb udh\u00ebzues t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashkimit jan\u00eb protestat e fisit Sioux n\u00eb Standing Rock gjat\u00eb vitit 2016 dhe 2017. Gjat\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb projekti gazjell\u00ebsi, fisi dhe aleat\u00ebt e tij nd\u00ebrtuan nj\u00eb rrjet kampi q\u00eb mbajti mij\u00ebra protestues t\u00eb strehuar dhe t\u00eb ushqyer e t\u00eb sigurt, edhe me arritjen e dimrit; ata krijuan nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, duke kuptuar q\u00eb n\u00ebse familje t\u00eb t\u00ebra do t\u00eb merrnin pjes\u00eb, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt do t\u00eb kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr kujdes dhe arsim. Pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak se ata i b\u00ebn\u00eb kampet komunitet t\u00eb jetuesh\u00ebm e afatgjat\u00eb, ata qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin dhe t\u00eb rrisin p\u00ebrpjekjet n\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje me mb\u00ebshtetje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe vrull t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm, edhe pse vet\u00eb kampi u shua nga forcat e ligjit n\u00eb shkurt t\u00eb vitit 2017.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrbashkimi, shkruan Federici, prodhon \u201cnj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme dhe t\u00eb rrall\u00eb si ajo e t\u00eb qenurit pjes\u00eb e di\u00e7kaje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se jeta jon\u00eb individuale, e vendbanimit n\u00eb \u2018k\u00ebt\u00eb tok\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit\u2019 jo si t\u00eb huaj apo kalimtar\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra se si kapitalizmi d\u00ebshiron q\u00eb t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur me hap\u00ebsirat q\u00eb z\u00ebm\u00eb, por si sht\u00ebpi\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cShum\u00eb shpesh e majta nuk e sheh fuqin\u00eb e komuniteteve,” i tha ajo filmb\u00ebr\u00ebsit dhe shkrimtarit Astra Taylor n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2019. Politika e saj, e cila pasqyron metodat e\u00a0Pagave p\u00ebr Pun\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb<\/em>, thekson mund\u00ebsit\u00eb revolucionare p\u00ebr t’u th\u00ebn\u00eb njer\u00ebzve se mund t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshim prej aty ku jan\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht n\u00ebse jan\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, n\u00eb supermarket, n\u00eb kish\u00eb, n\u00eb strehimore, n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e prodhimit, n\u00eb kujdesin ditor. \u201cJeta e p\u00ebrditshme \u00ebsht\u00eb terreni kryesor i ndryshimit shoq\u00ebror\u201d, shkruan ajo.<\/p>\n

Kur imagjinon mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb bote me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, Federici shkruan p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si veprimi kolektiv e transformues mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet me magjin\u00eb e krijuar nga natyra, e cila rigjenerohet vazhdimisht. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, ajo vazhdon t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb Prospect Park si nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb, mund\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe bukuris\u00eb. Kur e pyeta, n\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebt t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar, \u00e7ka e b\u00ebnte at\u00eb t\u00eb ndiente magjin\u00eb e bot\u00ebs, ajo thirri: \u201cOh! Oh! Kjo.\u201d Ajo tundi duart rreth e rrotull n\u00eb aj\u00ebr, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb gjeste drejt drunjve, zogjve, papast\u00ebrtive n\u00eb makin\u00ebn mbjell\u00ebse q\u00eb aktualisht po ekzaminohej nga disa foshnje.<\/p>\n

Syt\u00eb i dridheshin n\u00ebn mask\u00eb. \u201cKreativiteti i natyr\u00ebs dhe i njer\u00ebzve. Jam shum\u00eb e ngaz\u00ebllyer p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit.\u201d Kur un\u00eb shp\u00ebrtheva duke qeshur me mosbesim, ajo protestoi. \u201cKa v\u00ebrtet shum\u00eb bukuri, bujari, guxim, o zot. Ende ka g\u00ebzim, e shoh – ka akoma shum\u00eb bukuri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb. Dhe shpresoj q\u00eb t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebroj\u00eb te ata q\u00eb duan vet\u00ebm ta kontrollojn\u00eb dhe cop\u00ebtojn\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Artikulli origjinal n\u00eb\u00a0New York Times<\/a>, m\u00eb\u00a022 shkurt 2021.<\/p>\n

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Ky artikull\u00a0mb\u00ebshtetet nga “Sbunker” p\u00ebrmes projektit t\u00eb financuar nga Ambasada Amerikane. Mendimet e shprehura k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit\u00a0dhe jo medoemos pasqyrojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Libri m\u00eb me ndikim i Federici-t doli gati 30 vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, me botimin e \u201cKalibani dhe Shtriga\u201d [Caliban and the Witch] m\u00eb 2004. Shum\u00eb feministe antikapitaliste si Bell Hooks, Angela Davis, \u00cbilmette Bro\u00ebn dhe Kolektivi Combahee River kan\u00eb argumentuar q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1970 se beteja feministe duhet t\u00eb perfshij\u00eb doemos gjinin\u00eb dhe rac\u00ebn sepse […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":126,"featured_media":12392,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1366,1221,1322],"ppma_author":[151],"class_list":["post-4719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kritike","tag-ekonomia","tag-grate","tag-kritike"],"authors":[{"term_id":151,"user_id":126,"is_guest":0,"slug":"jordankisner","display_name":"Jordan Kisner","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-17-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/download-17-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Kisner","first_name":"Jordan","description":"Jordan Kisner shkruan ese dhe shkrime p\u00ebr n+1, The Atlantic, The New York Times Magazine, The Guardian, The Believer dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Libri i saj i par\u00eb, \"Thin Places\", \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga \"librat m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb NPR-s\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2020\"."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/126"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4719"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4719\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12393,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4719\/revisions\/12393"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4719"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}