{"id":4725,"date":"2021-05-15T12:38:39","date_gmt":"2021-05-15T10:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4725"},"modified":"2025-01-17T12:41:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T10:41:33","slug":"nje-udhezues-praktik-per-boten-qe-po-ndryshon-pjesa-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/kritike\/nje-udhezues-praktik-per-boten-qe-po-ndryshon-pjesa-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues praktik p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn q\u00eb po ndryshon (pjesa I)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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E gjitha filloi n\u00eb nj\u00eb pasdite vere. Derisa kishte dal\u00eb t\u00eb peshkonte n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e mikut t\u00eb tij, i cili kishte marr\u00eb me vete edhe nipin e tij q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb vitin e fundit t\u00eb studimeve n\u00eb shkenca kompjuterike,\u00a0Ri\u00e7ard Has<\/a>\u00a0[Richard Haass] kishte filluar t\u00eb diskutonte me k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit rreth temave q\u00eb lidheshin me ekonomin\u00eb, politik\u00ebn, historin\u00eb dhe gjeografin\u00eb. Has kishte mbetur i stepur nga mungesa e njohurive t\u00eb nipit t\u00eb mikut t\u00eb tij n\u00eb k\u00ebto fusha, edhe pse ai ishte student me rezultate t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera n\u00eb Universitetin Stanford-it. Kjo gj\u00eb e kishte trazuar at\u00eb, n\u00eb kuptimin intelektual t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Duke marr\u00eb shkas nga ky komunikim krejt i rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm, Has ishte nxitur q\u00eb t\u00eb bisedonte edhe me dhjet\u00ebra t\u00eb rinj tjer\u00eb amerikan\u00eb. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, k\u00ebto venerime e kishin sjell\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundime af\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta: shumica e t\u00eb rinjve sot, edhe pse kishin fatin t\u00eb studionin n\u00eb universitete elitare, karakterizohen nga nj\u00eb deficit i friksh\u00ebm i njohurive sa i p\u00ebrket \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve apo zhvillimeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. I shtyr\u00eb nga ky \u201ceksperiment\u201d, Has ishte thelluar n\u00eb mendime duke k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb gjente nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi alternative q\u00eb do t\u2019i mund\u00ebsonte q\u00eb dijet dhe njohurit\u00eb e tij n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet dhe politikat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, t\u00eb akumuluara nga vite eksperienc\u00eb dhe ekspertiz\u00eb, t\u00eb viheshin n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb rinjve dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb e interes t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn. Si rezultat, Has n\u00eb vitin 2017 kishte filluar t\u00eb shkruante kapitujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb librit \u201cBota: Nj\u00eb Hyrje e Shkurt\u00ebr\u201d (The World: A Brief Introduction<\/a>), t\u00eb cilin e botoi n\u00eb vitin 2020.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00e7ard Has, nj\u00eb diplomat veteran dhe z\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs e me ndikim n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme amerikane, q\u00eb nga viti 2003 \u00ebsht\u00eb President i K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare (Council of Foreign Relations), institucion ky q\u00eb \u2013 nd\u00ebr aktivitetet e shumta \u2013 boton edhe revist\u00ebn e mir\u00ebnjohur dhe me influenc\u00eb t\u00eb respektueshme n\u00eb mendimin dhe fush\u00ebn e politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb ShBA,\u00a0Foreign Affairs<\/em>. Nga viti 1989-1993 ai kishte sh\u00ebrbyer si K\u00ebshilltar i Presidentit Xhorxh H. W. Bush, si an\u00ebtar i K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Siguris\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare (National Security Council) dhe m\u00eb pas si Drejtor i Stafit n\u00eb Planifikimin e Politikave t\u00eb Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit n\u00ebn Presidentin Xhorxh Bush i Riu. Has, gjithashtu ka botuar libra t\u00eb shumt\u00eb mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtjet\u00a0 nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe librin e njohur, \u201cNj\u00eb Bot\u00eb n\u00eb Rr\u00ebmuj\u00eb: Politika e Jashtme Amerikane dhe Kriza e Rendit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr\u201d (A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order<\/a>), n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ai ngriti alarmin p\u00ebr shembjen e sistemit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga ShBA-t\u00eb, rend i cili sipas tij ishte krijuar pas Luft\u00ebs e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, dhe sfidat e krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb funksional dhe q\u00eb do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb s\u00eb libri i tij i fundit i dedikohet nj\u00eb audience t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe diverse \u2013 si n\u00eb nivel shkollimi, profesioni, moshe por edhe sa i p\u00ebrket nivelit t\u00eb njohurive lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare \u2013 autori \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkujdesur t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kuptueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. N\u00eb 400 faqe t\u00eb k\u00ebtij libri, q\u00ebllimi i autorit \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb p\u00ebr lexuesit elementet esenciale q\u00eb, sipas tij, \u201ct\u00eb gjith\u00eb duhet t\u2019i din\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn po jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jemi n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrballemi suksessh\u00ebm me sfidat q\u00eb na shfaq\u00ebn\u201d. Apo, si\u00e7 shprehet autori, synimi p\u00ebrfundimtar \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb lexuesi t\u00eb \u201carsimohet globalisht\u201d. T\u00eb qenit i informuar p\u00ebr problemet me t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrballen shtetet dhe njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb nivel global \u00ebsht\u00eb jetike sepse, thekson Has, aktualisht \u201cjetojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ku \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh jasht\u00eb shtetit ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe sepse kufijt\u00eb shtet\u00ebror nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb padep\u00ebrtuesh\u00ebm\u201d. Pra, i ashtuquajturi \u201crregulli Vegas<\/a>\u201d \u2013 ku \u00e7far\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb Las Vegas, mbetet n\u00eb Las Vegas, \u201cnuk gjen zbatim n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e sotme globale\u201d. Pandemit\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti me Covid-19, krizat ekonomike globale, ideologjit\u00eb ekstremiste etj., nuk mund t\u00eb izolohen brenda nj\u00eb shteti apo territori t\u00eb caktuar. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme dhe investimeve humane e financiare t\u00eb shteteve, k\u00ebto elemente arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb kufijt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, me shpejt\u00ebsi dhe intensitet ta papar\u00eb m\u00eb her\u00ebt n\u00eb historin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n

Me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb libri t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i qart\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i kapsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb lexuesit, Has ka shmangur n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi analizimin e ngjarjeve dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve p\u00ebrmes qasjeve teorike t\u00eb Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb cilat, n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve, p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb tekste akademike kur trajtohen k\u00ebto tema. Sipas tij, p\u00ebrdorimi i k\u00ebtyre teorive n\u00eb librat e k\u00ebsaj natyre jo rrall\u00eb e b\u00ebn tekstin \u201cshum\u00eb abstrakt dhe t\u00eb larg\u00ebt nga ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn prej nesh\u201d. Duke dashur t\u2019i ofroj\u00eb lexuesve di\u00e7ka m\u00eb ndryshe, autori provon t\u00eb sjell nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues praktik q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej nga njer\u00ebzit e zakonsh\u00ebm pa ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje paraprake e t\u00eb sofistikuar teorike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb sfidat, forcat l\u00ebviz\u00ebse dhe dinamikat globale t\u00eb cilat, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb apo tjet\u00ebr, ndikojn\u00eb edhe jet\u00ebt e tyre.<\/p>\n

Libri ndahet n\u00eb kat\u00ebr seksione tematike. Secila prej k\u00ebtyre pjes\u00ebve p\u00ebrbehet nga kapituj t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ku analizohen tema duke filluar nga aspektet e historis\u00eb politike e diplomatike, tek ndarjet regjionale t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, sfidat dhe problemet e dala si pasoj\u00eb e globalizmit, e deri tek luft\u00ebrat nd\u00ebrmjet e brenda shteteve dhe kriza e rendit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar liberal. Autori p\u00ebrqendrohet kryesisht tek \u201cidet\u00eb, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet dhe institucionet\u201d q\u00eb jan\u00eb fondamentale n\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit si duhet t\u00eb elementeve dhe zhvillimeve bashk\u00ebkohore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. I konceptuar si nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues praktik, fakti q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lib\u00ebr 400 faqesh mund t\u00eb duket jo edhe aq i shkurt\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht i p\u00ebrdorsh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, avantazhi i k\u00ebtij libri \u00ebsht\u00eb se secili kapitull i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, n\u00eb disa raste edhe pjes\u00eb partikulare t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit kapitull, jan\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sa q\u00eb mund t\u00eb lexohen si t\u00eb pavarur. Pra, secili mund t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb ta lexoj\u00eb librin nga fillimi deri n\u00eb fund \u2013 gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e preferuar dhe do t\u2019i b\u00ebnte qefin secilit autor \u2013 por, fare leht\u00eb leximi mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet edhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn e kund\u00ebrt \u2013 duke filluar nga fundi, apo vet\u00ebm duke u ndalur n\u00eb nj\u00eb kapitull t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ngjallte interes p\u00ebr lexuesin.<\/p>\n

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Historia si \u201cm\u00ebsuese\u201d e s\u00eb shkuar\u00ebs dhe \u201cudh\u00ebzuese\u201d e s\u00eb ardhmes<\/em><\/p>\n

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Libri fillon duke shtjelluar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb ka njohja e historis\u00eb politike e vendeve dhe popujve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb baz\u00eb solide kontekstuale e shtjellimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve aktuale. Edhe pse shum\u00eb studiues t\u00eb politikave krahasuese e mbrojn\u00eb iden\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur q\u00eb dy ngjarje t\u00eb ngjasojn\u00eb n\u00eb mes vete n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha detajet, njohja e historis\u00eb, sipas Has, na ofron \u201cm\u00ebsime\u201d t\u00eb vlefshme, apo na b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb identifikojm\u00eb \u201cmodele\u201d t\u00eb caktuara p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cilave jemi n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb zhvillimet dhe dinamikat globale n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion t\u00eb librit autori p\u00ebrqendrohet tek pjesa e historis\u00eb q\u00eb konsiderohet q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn \u201cepok\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare moderne\u201d, e cila fillon n\u00eb shekullin e XVII-t\u00eb. Kjo ndarje mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet edhe si krejt\u00ebsisht arbitrare nga ana e autorit, megjithat\u00eb brenda k\u00ebtij vendimi ka nj\u00eb logjik\u00eb shpjegimi. \u201cLufta Tridhjet\u00eb Vje\u00e7are<\/a>\u201d, e cila kishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e Evrop\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 pasojave politike kishte pasur edhe ndikime religjioze gjithashtu, kishte marr\u00eb fund me \u201cPaqen e Vestfalis\u00eb<\/a>\u201d (1648). Kjo marr\u00ebveshje q\u00eb kishte synim p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar luft\u00ebn, konsiderohet si gurthemel i lindjes s\u00eb \u201csistemit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar modern i cili mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb parimin ku shtetet sovrane pranojn\u00eb sovranitetin e nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs dhe respektojn\u00eb kufijt\u00eb q\u00eb i ndajn\u00eb ato\u201d. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi, relevanca e k\u00ebsaj pik\u00ebnisje historike b\u00ebhet edhe me e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme kur merret parasysh fakti se parimet e mish\u00ebruara n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb Traktat vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb themelet e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn edhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite, ku edhe shtete si Kina konsiderohen si fanatike t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre principeve \u201cvestfaliane\u201d, duke transmetuar k\u00ebshtu pik\u00ebpamjen tradicionale t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb sovranitetit.<\/p>\n

Historia e trajtuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion t\u00eb librit ndahet n\u00eb kat\u00ebr periudha kryesore. Periudha e cila mbulon edhe pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb kohore me rreth 300 vjet, fillon nga shekulli i XVII-t\u00eb deri tek shp\u00ebrthimi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 analizimit t\u00eb ngritjes s\u00eb sistemit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar modern, ky seksion shtrihet n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe mbulon edhe \u201cperiudh\u00ebn koloniale, shk\u00ebrmoqjen e disa perandorive, ngritjen e ShBA-s\u00eb si superfuqi dhe lindjen e teknologjive t\u00eb reja q\u00eb revolucionarizuan sektor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm si: transportin, prodhimin por edhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e b\u00ebrjes s\u00eb luft\u00ebrave\u201d. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen tri dekada, duke nisur nga fillimi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore (1914) dhe deri tek p\u00ebrfundimi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore (1945). Temat e trajtuara brenda k\u00ebsaj trajektoreje historike tridhjet\u00eb vje\u00e7are, plot dinamiz\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb st\u00ebrmbushur me \u201chistoriciz\u00ebm\u201d dhe zhvillime dramatike me pasoja kataklizmike, jan\u00eb dy luft\u00ebra bot\u00ebrore q\u00eb dominuan pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XX-t\u00eb, krijimi dhe d\u00ebshtimi i Lidhjes s\u00eb Kombeve, Depresionin e Madh, ngritja e nacionalizmit dhe fashizmit dhe shum\u00eb gabime tjera politike e diplomatike q\u00eb kontribuuan n\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimin e dy luft\u00ebrave bot\u00ebrore shkat\u00ebrrimtare brenda nj\u00eb diference t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb vitesh. Seksioni i tret\u00eb i dedikohet Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb dhe rivalitetit ideologjik n\u00eb mes t\u00eb ShBA-s\u00eb dhe BRSS-s\u00eb, duke u p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb ofrimin e p\u00ebrgjigjeve kruciale se p\u00ebrse filloi Lufta e Ftoht\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00eb e mbajti at\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cftoht\u00eb\u201d dhe p\u00ebrse p\u00ebrfundoi ashtu si p\u00ebrfundoi? Nd\u00ebrsa, pjesa e fundit e k\u00ebtij seksioni analizon periudh\u00ebn e pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, duke reflektuar mbi shpresat e prodhuara p\u00ebr \u201cfundin e historis\u00eb\u201d dhe projektimin e nj\u00eb triumfi p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb liberale, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar me sfidat e problemet me t\u00eb cilat u p\u00ebrballen shtetet n\u00eb sistemin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar bashk\u00eb me r\u00ebnien e Murit t\u00eb Berlinit, e deri tek kriza e \u201crendit liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u201d, \u201cvenitja\u201d e ndikimit t\u00eb ShBA-s\u00eb dhe ngritja e \u201ct\u00eb tjer\u00ebve\u201d.<\/p>\n

Duhet n\u00ebnvizuar se edhe pse i shkruar me nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb e kuptueshme dhe i destinuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb audienc\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb lexues fillestar dhe pa ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje specifike n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare nuk do t\u00eb ishte krejt\u00ebsisht i leht\u00eb absorbimi i t\u00eb gjitha fakteve dhe informacioneve t\u00eb ofruara n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seksion t\u00eb librit. Kjo ndodh p\u00ebr shkak se autori brenda pak faqesh trajton periudha t\u00eb gjata historike kuptimi i t\u00eb cilave k\u00ebrkon lexime paraprake n\u00eb fush\u00eb. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve ai navigon me shpejt\u00ebsi n\u00ebp\u00ebr trajektoren historike duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptueshme nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb zhvillimeve, t\u00eb cilat nj\u00eb fillestar do ta kishte t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u2019i nd\u00ebrlidhte pastaj me ngjarjet q\u00eb autori trajton. Nuk do mend se kjo nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte penges\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb njoh\u00ebs t\u00eb fush\u00ebs, por meq\u00eb libri \u00ebsht\u00eb dizajnuar si nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues praktik p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb problematike.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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E gjitha filloi n\u00eb nj\u00eb pasdite vere. Derisa kishte dal\u00eb t\u00eb peshkonte n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e mikut t\u00eb tij, i cili kishte marr\u00eb me vete edhe nipin e tij q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb vitin e fundit t\u00eb studimeve n\u00eb shkenca kompjuterike,\u00a0Ri\u00e7ard Has\u00a0[Richard Haass] kishte filluar t\u00eb diskutonte me k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit rreth temave q\u00eb lidheshin me ekonomin\u00eb, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":402,"featured_media":12261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1322,1169],"ppma_author":[688],"class_list":["post-4725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kritike","tag-kritike","tag-libri"],"authors":[{"term_id":688,"user_id":402,"is_guest":0,"slug":"alfred-marleku","display_name":"Alfred Marleku","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_0067-min-scaled-1-e1725456797811.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_0067-min-scaled-1-e1725456797811.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Marleku","first_name":"Alfred","description":"Alfred Marleku ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet bachelor, master dhe ato t\u00eb doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb shkenca politike. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebrues n\u00eb Kolegjin \u201cUBT\u201d, Fakultetin e Shkencave Politike.\r\n\r\nP\u00ebr shum\u00eb vjet ka punuar si menaxher i projekteve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb financuara nga Komisioni Evropian, USAID-i, Ambasada Amerikane etj., t\u00eb cilat fokusohen, kryesisht, n\u00eb reformat e arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim dhe zhvillim (R&D); kthimin e trurit; zhvillimin e plan-programeve n\u00eb harmoni me nevojat e tregut etj. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ka qen\u00eb i angazhuar edhe n\u00eb sektorin publik si k\u00ebshilltar politik n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e bashk\u00ebpunimit juridik nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/402"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4725"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12263,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4725\/revisions\/12263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4725"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}