{"id":4755,"date":"2021-03-18T13:22:54","date_gmt":"2021-03-18T11:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4755"},"modified":"2024-11-06T13:24:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T11:24:48","slug":"beteja-per-sovranitet-teknologjik-ne-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/beteja-per-sovranitet-teknologjik-ne-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Beteja p\u00ebr sovranitet teknologjik n\u00eb Europ\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Prej tash e tutje, \u00e7do vend ose grup vendesh duhet t\u00eb pyesin veten se a prodhon teknologjin\u00eb q\u00eb i duhet ose a ka qasje t\u00eb garantuar, t\u00eb pakufizuar dhe afatgjat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb. Nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet me jo \u00ebsht\u00eb i c\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm ndaj shtr\u00ebngimit teknologjik q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak i ashp\u00ebr se sa shtr\u00ebngimi ushtarak i viteve t\u00eb kaluara<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur shtetet p\u00ebrdornin rregullisht forc\u00ebn ushtarake p\u00ebr t\u00eb detyruar tjer\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb pajtohen ose t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtrohen, sovraniteti ishte par\u00ebsisht koncept gjeografik dhe ushtarak. Por s\u00eb fundmi, ky term ka p\u00ebrfituar nj\u00eb dimension shtes\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, pandemia COVID-19 nxori n\u00eb shesh var\u00ebsin\u00eb e Per\u00ebndimit nga Kina p\u00ebr furnizim me maska dhe pajisje mbrojt\u00ebse. Ish presidenti amerikan Donald Trump armatosi teknologjin\u00eb amerikane dhe sistemet e pagesave n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb avancuar interesat e SHBA-s\u00eb. Sovraniteti teknologjik \u2013 ose mungesa e tij \u2013 shpejt po b\u00ebhet \u00e7\u00ebshtje ky\u00e7e strategjike, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Paramendoni, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebnadmirali Eugene H.Black III, komandant i Flot\u00ebs s\u00eb Gjasht\u00eb t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb k\u00ebrkoi papritmas di\u00e7ka t\u00eb pap\u00eblqyeshme nga kryeministri britanik Boris Johnson, duke v\u00ebrejtur q\u00eb flota e tij ishte stacionuar n\u00eb Kanalin Anglez. Qeveria dhe shumica e njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar k\u00ebt\u00eb do ta konsideronin si manifestim shum\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u201cmarr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies speciale\u201d dypal\u00ebshe, dhe do t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtonin fuqish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Prap\u00ebseprap\u00eb, protest\u00eb publike nuk pat vitin e kaluar kur sekretari amerikan i shtetit Mike Pompeo\u00a0k\u00ebrkoi me ngulm<\/a>\u00a0q\u00eb Johnson t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtonte firm\u00ebn kineze t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb Huawei nga rrejti 5G i Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar (MB), duke l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptohet se n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn Shtetet e Bashkuara nuk do t\u00eb ndanin informacione t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs me Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar. Pompeo gjithashtu p\u00ebrmendi faktin se SHBA-ja\u00a0kontrollon<\/a>\u00a0infrastruktur\u00ebn e pagesave t\u00eb Qytetit t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs, dhe se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb \u00e7ipat elektronik\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb MB kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr softuer\u00eb amerikan\u00eb t\u00eb dizajnit elektronik.<\/p>\n

Heshtja publike ndaj taktik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pompeo-s erdhi p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr analiz\u00ebs t\u00ebr\u00ebsore t\u00eb GCHQ, agjencins\u00eb britanike t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe siguris\u00eb, e cila erdhi n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim se produktet e Huaweit ishin t\u00eb sigurta p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt jokritike t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs 5G t\u00eb vendit. Shtr\u00ebngimi i Pompeo-s ishte po aq i pamaskuar sa n\u00eb shembullin hipotetik t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart, por fuqia teknologjike \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak e dukshme p\u00ebr publikun sa p\u00ebr aeroplanmbajt\u00ebsen amerikane n\u00eb gryk\u00ebderdhjen e Tejms.<\/p>\n

MB e ka anashkaluar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb var\u00ebsin\u00eb teknologjike nga vendet tjera, sepse besonte se zinxhir\u00ebt e furnizimit qen\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt dhe konsideronte Amerik\u00ebn si aleat t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm. Tash, t\u00eb dyja supozimet jan\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje.<\/p>\n

Prej tash e tutje, \u00e7do vend a grup vendesh duhet t\u00eb shtrojn\u00eb tre pyetje vetes. S\u00eb pari, a prodhojm\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb q\u00eb na duhen? N\u00ebse jo, a kemi qasje n\u00eb to prej nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb caktuar burimesh? N\u00ebse p\u00ebrgjigjja \u00ebsht\u00eb ende jo, a kemi qasje t\u00eb garantuar, t\u00eb pakufizuar dhe afatgjat\u00eb (m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb vjet) n\u00eb to prej furnizuesve q\u00eb kan\u00eb monopol ose oligopol nga nj\u00eb vend i vet\u00ebm, zakonisht SHBA-ja ose Kina?<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb vend i cili i p\u00ebrgjigjet me jo t\u00eb gjitha pyetjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb i c\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm ndaj shtr\u00ebngimit teknologjik, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak i ashp\u00ebr se sa shtr\u00ebngimi ushtarak i viteve t\u00eb kaluara.<\/p>\n

A i ka Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar t\u00eb gjitha teknologjit\u00eb kritike q\u00eb i duhen q\u00eb ekonomia dhe qeveria e saj t\u00eb funskionojn\u00eb si duhet? N\u00ebse e marrim shembull vet\u00ebm 5G-n\u00eb, sistemet e pagesave, dhe gjys\u00ebmp\u00ebr\u00e7uesit, at\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb jo e qart\u00eb<\/p>\n

As nuk ka gjas\u00eb q\u00eb MB-ja si e vetme, t\u00eb mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb garantuar, t\u00eb pakufizuar dhe afatgjate n\u00eb k\u00ebto teknologji, duke pasur parasysh se rezultati i negociatave t\u00eb tregut nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebrcaktohet nga pesha relative e pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve. MB-ja p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rreth 1% t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs s\u00eb bot\u00ebs dhe 2% t\u00eb BPV-s\u00eb globale (n\u00eb terma t\u00eb barazis\u00eb s\u00eb fuqis\u00eb bler\u00ebse), dhe pothuajse nuk ka teknologji dominante n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pra, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr Brexit-it, i vetmi opsion i arsyesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr MB-n\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur sovranitet teknologjik, \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunoj\u00eb me superfuqin\u00eb e tret\u00eb ekonomike n\u00eb bot\u00eb, Bashkimin Europian. P\u00ebrderisa kimera e sovranitetit komb\u00ebtar ka hipnotizuar anglez\u00ebt n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, BE-ja ka kuptuar k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet serioze ndaj sovranitetit n\u00eb shekullin e nj\u00ebzetenj\u00ebt\u00eb hiperteknologjik dhe ka zhvilluar politika p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur veten.<\/p>\n

Posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht, Europa kupton se rrezikon t\u00eb b\u00ebhet d\u00ebm kolateral n\u00eb luft\u00ebn aktuale tregtare mes SHBA-s\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs. Dredhia agresive e Trump-it p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dominimin amerikan t\u00eb gjys\u00ebmp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve q\u00eb t\u00eb gjymtoj\u00eb Huawei-n, sh\u00ebrbeu si \u201cmoment alarmues i Sputnikut\u201d p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb kineze, duke e shtyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb nis\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje masive t\u00eb financuara nga shteti, p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsuar vendin n\u00eb prodhimin e gjys\u00ebmp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve.<\/p>\n

Kina mund dhe po ia kalon SHBA-s\u00eb n\u00eb shpenzimet p\u00ebr zhvillimin e gjys\u00ebmp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve, dhe po p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb num\u00ebr shum\u00eb t\u00eb madh inxhinier\u00ebsh t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuar, duke mos l\u00ebn\u00eb asnj\u00eb dyshim q\u00eb vendi do t\u2019i jap\u00eb fund shum\u00eb shpejt varsis\u00eb nga Amerika n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor. N\u00ebse Kina b\u00ebhet dominuese e industris\u00eb globale t\u00eb gjys\u00ebmp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ka shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb t\u00eb ngjaj\u00eb, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia mund t\u00eb kthehet p\u00ebrmbys \u2013 betej\u00eb e fituar, luft\u00eb e humbur.<\/p>\n

Alternativa e arsyeshme ndaj shkurtpam\u00ebsis\u00eb strategjike t\u00eb stilit t\u00eb Trump-it \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmohet Kina n\u00eb zhvillimin e industris\u00eb s\u00eb gjys\u00ebmp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve bazuar n\u00eb parimin e reciprocitetit. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb pron\u00ebs intelektuale dhe p\u00ebrkrahjes teknike, Kin\u00ebs mund t\u2019i jepet leja p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar fabrika t\u00eb gjys\u00ebmp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve n\u00eb Europ\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbyer tregjeve europiane, dhe t\u00eb ndaj\u00eb pron\u00ebn intelektuale t\u00eb zhvilluar s\u00eb bashku. Kjo strategji ka funksionuar mir\u00eb m\u00eb her\u00ebt me industrin\u00eb japoneze t\u00eb automobil\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Sovraniteti teknologjik \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e spikatur sot n\u00eb MB, ku qeveria duhet t\u00eb vendos\u00eb s\u00eb shpejti se a do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb gjigantin teknologjik amerikan Nvidia q\u00eb t\u00eb pron\u00ebsoj\u00eb Arm-in, dizajnerin e \u00e7ipave me baz\u00eb n\u00eb Kejmbrixh. Blerja e firm\u00ebs nga Nvidia \u2013 mikroprocesor\u00ebt e t\u00eb cil\u00ebs gjenden n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e makinave dhe pajisjet e infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb informative, ashtu si edhe n\u00eb 95% t\u00eb telefonave mobil\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb \u2013 do t\u00eb krijonte edhe nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr monopol teknologjik t\u00eb nj\u00eb gjiganti amerikan, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin e telefonave mobil\u00eb. Kjo gjithashtu do t\u00eb zgjeronte pa dyshim fuqin\u00eb amerikane t\u00eb shtr\u00ebngimit karshi MB-s\u00eb, dhe do t\u00eb privonte Britanin\u00eb nga nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e vlefshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar terren n\u00eb betej\u00ebn p\u00ebr sovranitet teknologjik.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrtej pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Arm-it, MB-ja dhe BE-ja do t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku Fondin p\u00ebr Sovranitet Teknologjik prej \u20ac100 miliard\u00ebsh q\u00eb t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb ball\u00eb\u00a0$100 miliard\u00ebve<\/a>\u00a0q\u00eb shpenzon SHBA-ja n\u00eb sovranitetin e saj teknologjik dhe shumave edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb po mobilizon Kina. Europa duhet t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb alternativa ndaj monopoleve kineze t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb dhe monopoleve amerikane digjitale, t\u00eb pagesave dhe t\u00eb pron\u00ebs intelektuale.<\/p>\n

E vetmja zgjidhje e qendrueshme dhe e paanshme p\u00ebr problemin t\u00eb sovranitetit teknologjik global \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb aplikohet parimi i reciprocitetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar sovranitete t\u00eb pavarura p\u00ebr SHBA-n\u00eb, Kin\u00ebn dhe Europ\u00ebn. Arritja e k\u00ebsaj madje mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb te nj\u00eb rend bot\u00ebror n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin n\u00ebnadmirali Black dhe Flota e Gjasht\u00eb do t\u00eb kalonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi.<\/p>\n

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Artikulli origjinal n\u00eb\u00a0Project Syndicate<\/a>, m\u00eb 12 mars 2021.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

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Ky artikull\u00a0mb\u00ebshtetet nga “Sbunker” p\u00ebrmes projektit t\u00eb financuar nga Ambasada Amerikane. Mendimet e shprehura k\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb autorit\u00a0dhe jo medoemos pasqyrojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Departamentit t\u00eb Shtetit.<\/p>\n

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Prej tash e tutje, \u00e7do vend ose grup vendesh duhet t\u00eb pyesin veten se a prodhon teknologjin\u00eb q\u00eb i duhet ose a ka qasje t\u00eb garantuar, t\u00eb pakufizuar dhe afatgjat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb. Nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet me jo \u00ebsht\u00eb i c\u00ebnuesh\u00ebm ndaj shtr\u00ebngimit teknologjik q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak i ashp\u00ebr se sa shtr\u00ebngimi ushtarak […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9734,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1692,1691],"ppma_author":[290],"class_list":["post-4755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-evrope","tag-sovranitet-teknologjik"],"authors":[{"term_id":290,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"hermann-hauser","display_name":"Hermann Hauser","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hauser.jpeg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/hauser.jpeg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"","first_name":"","description":"Hermann bashk\u00eb-themeloi Amadeus Capital Partners n\u00eb 1997 me Anne Glover. N\u00eb historin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe t\u00eb suksesshme si sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs, Hermann ka themeluar ose bashk\u00eb-themeluar kompani n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb sektor\u00ebve t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4755"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9735,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4755\/revisions\/9735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4755"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}