{"id":4812,"date":"2021-01-15T12:37:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-15T10:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4812"},"modified":"2024-11-06T12:41:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T10:41:17","slug":"ne-vend-te-popullizmit-te-majte-nje-kritike-e-majte-per-popullizmin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/kritike\/ne-vend-te-popullizmit-te-majte-nje-kritike-e-majte-per-popullizmin\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00eb vend t\u00eb popullizmit t\u00eb majt\u00eb – nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb e majt\u00eb p\u00ebr popullizmin"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Popullizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb prej nocioneve m\u00eb t\u00eb studiuara viteve t\u00eb fundit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb cil\u00ebsimi m\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb debatet e studiot tona televizive. Po t\u00eb shkoi mendja ta ngresh pak z\u00ebrin, t\u00eb quajn\u00eb popullist sepse popullisti \u00ebsht\u00eb i pasjellsh\u00ebm; po e shpalle ndonj\u00eb q\u00ebllim p\u00ebrtej llogarive t\u00eb kornizuara, je popullist jasht\u00eb realitetit, sepse popullisti qenka utopist; po shpjegove pak disi jasht\u00eb metod\u00ebs dhe ndryshe prej ideologjis\u00eb dominuese, n\u00ebn\u00e7mohesh si popullist.<\/p>\n

Popullizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb denominuesi kujdestar i secilit diskurs q\u00eb del jasht\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs s\u00eb interesave t\u00eb klasave shfryt\u00ebzuese e strukturave tjera sunduese. Secili q\u00eb nuk e do mir\u00ebmbajtjen e gjendjes ekzistuese emrin e ka gati. Popullist \u00ebsht\u00eb secili q\u00eb nuk e rip\u00ebrtyp ideologjin\u00eb dominuese.<\/p>\n

Populizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen diskursiv q\u00eb po krijon hegjemoni, p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb pastaj edhe opsion politik. Por, jan\u00eb kushtet shoq\u00ebrore dhe politike ku duhet par\u00eb terrenin p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Dy fjal\u00eb: struktur\u00eb dhe sistem. Nj\u00eb zhvendosje nga ideologjia mbizot\u00ebruese drejt popullizmave ka ndodhur gjer\u00ebsisht pas efekteve q\u00eb ka prodhuar n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri kriza financiare e vitit 2008. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb momenti i ristrukturimit shoq\u00ebror neoliberal. Pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia q\u00eb vjen e zbrazur si revolt\u00eb ka disa shkaqe. S\u00eb pari \u00ebsht\u00eb reagim ndaj v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive ekonomike, pastaj munges\u00eb adresimi i k\u00ebtyre problemeve brenda partive t\u00eb sistemit. Sistemi ekzistues partiak \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar i ndryshkur sepse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje apo adresuar fenomenet si varf\u00ebria e pabarazia. Th\u00ebn\u00eb shkurt e qart\u00eb, partit\u00eb e bashkuara n\u00eb qend\u00ebr jan\u00eb mbetja e nj\u00eb strukturimi politik q\u00eb nuk ka m\u00eb substrat shoq\u00ebror sepse shteti social dhe shtresa e mesme e gjer\u00eb dhe e q\u00ebndrueshme nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb. Partit\u00eb e sistemit, duke q\u00ebndruar t\u00eb mbyllura dhe pa mund\u00ebsi reagimi karshi k\u00ebtyre zhvillimeve, me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb jan\u00eb portretizuar si mbrojt\u00ebse\u00a0t\u00eb status-quos\u00eb.\u00a0<\/em>E ruajtja e gjendjes ekzistuese \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb p\u00ebr shtresat e larta q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb bab\u00ebzi. Kujto k\u00ebtu sloganin 99% vs 1%.<\/p>\n

Kund\u00ebr kontradikt\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashkuar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Popullisti \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamatur, i paarsyesh\u00ebm, i pakultur\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7mimi liberal i tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb kordoneve sanitare. Dekad\u00ebn e fundit reagimi kund\u00ebr popullizmit ishte kryesisht kritik\u00eb dhe pozicion liberal. Ky pozicion nuk mund t\u00eb reduktohet n\u00eb rrjedhoj\u00eb logjike t\u00eb ardhur prej interesave ekonomike q\u00eb partit\u00eb e sistemit kan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta me kapitalin e madh. Kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb edhe me bindje e shkoll\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb teoris\u00eb politike. Kjo shkoll\u00eb, kjo kritik\u00eb e ka n\u00eb thumb kontradikt\u00ebn si t\u00eb till\u00eb. Jo vet\u00ebm kaq, problem p\u00ebrb\u00ebn edhe rikthimi i emocionit e afektit n\u00eb politik\u00eb. E pash\u00eb nj\u00ebrin q\u00eb nuk denjoi t\u00eb merret me politik\u00eb tash p\u00ebr tash. Parlamenti nuk e paska m\u00eb nivelin e dikursh\u00ebm. Pasionet e marra ia paskan z\u00ebn\u00eb vendin kultur\u00ebs politike. Disi k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrshkruhet disponimi vajtues, p\u00ebr\u00e7mues e mendjemadh. Nuk ishte m\u00ebsuar k\u00ebsodore.<\/p>\n

Kjo rrym\u00eb e sheh politik\u00ebn si \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb diskutimit racional, ku diskutimi dhe tavolina jan\u00eb garanca p\u00ebr zgjidhje t\u00eb secilit problem. Prandaj, brenda partive q\u00eb riprodhojn\u00eb prej ideologjis\u00eb dominuese, fjalori \u00ebsht\u00eb plot konsensus, diskurs korrekt, past\u00ebrti e kultur\u00eb politike.<\/p>\n

Kritika ndaj popullizmit nuk duhet t\u00eb na z\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb grack\u00ebn e q\u00ebndrimit indiferent karshi rr\u00ebnimit q\u00eb neoliberalizmi po i b\u00ebn shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr popullizmin na duhet. E ndryshme n\u00eb premis\u00eb dhe konkluzion. Kjo kritik\u00eb nuk e ka n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb saj sulmin ndaj kontradikt\u00ebs, apo krijimin e kampeve n\u00eb politik\u00eb. Madje, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me ata q\u00eb flasin p\u00ebr popullizmin e majt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kufijt\u00eb e popullizmit t\u00eb majt\u00eb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kritika jon\u00eb p\u00ebr popullizmin e majt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballja me limitet e tij si projekt. Popullizmi i majt\u00eb mbetet i kufizuar brenda nj\u00ebsis\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore duke shp\u00ebrfaqur pabarazin\u00eb, teksa k\u00ebrkon sovranitet popullor si p\u00ebrgjigje ndaj elitave t\u00eb korruptuara. Por, k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr sovranitet \u00ebsht\u00eb rikonfirmim i shtetit si nj\u00ebsia bazike politike e shoq\u00ebrore; si hap\u00ebsira e vetme politike e gjeografike p\u00ebr veprim. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, shteti i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme, qoft\u00eb ky edhe me p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb jep fare pak instrumente intervenimi p\u00ebr transformime shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb b\u00ebhet at\u00ebher\u00eb? N\u00eb krye t\u00eb her\u00ebs duhet theksuar: popullizmi i majt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt hegjemonik, dhe jo nj\u00eb projekt politik. Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe jan\u00eb teoricien\u00ebt e gjith\u00ebpranuar t\u00eb tij. K\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb teorizimin e diskursit drejt sugjerimeve p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtim t\u00eb hegjemonis\u00eb. Askush si k\u00ebta nuk ka folur p\u00ebr zinxhirin e ekuivalencave mes sh\u00ebnjuesve dhe p\u00ebrbashkimin e tyre drejt nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnjuesi. Nj\u00eb teori diskursi q\u00eb form\u00ebson, nd\u00ebrton e bashkon, q\u00eb adreson e nd\u00ebrlidh p\u00ebr ta mund\u00ebsuar nd\u00ebrveprimin. P\u00ebr ta flakur ankthin e t\u00eb jetuarit n\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet neoliberal, realitet ku shoq\u00ebria s\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se mas\u00eb amorfe individ\u00ebsh. Kjo pun\u00eb teorike zhbiron mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje shoq\u00ebrore ku klasat, shtresat a grupet e ndryshme nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb pa u shkrir\u00eb te nj\u00ebra-tjetra, dhe sidomos pa pasur nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00ebri grup t\u00eb sakrifikohet n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes s\u00eb madhe q\u00eb na e paska nj\u00eb realizim t\u00eb shkall\u00ebzuar.<\/p>\n

Popullizmi i majt\u00eb, si teori dhe si praktik\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb, e ka nj\u00eb munges\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebhet limit i patejkaluesh\u00ebm. Kjo munges\u00eb quhet kritik\u00eb e ekonomis\u00eb politike. Rritja e pabarazis\u00eb, rritja e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, emigracioni, puna prekariat, problemet emergjente si ajo e ngrohjes globale apo e emigrant\u00ebve t\u00eb klim\u00ebs, jan\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi ekonomiko-shoq\u00ebror q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb global dhe i nd\u00ebrlidhur. Nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si\u00e7 e prek secilin vend n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme: diku emigrant\u00eb ekonomik\u00eb, diku\u00a0 emigrant\u00eb t\u00eb klim\u00ebs, diku vende t\u00eb boshatisura, diku emigrant\u00eb politik, diku shfryt\u00ebzim skllav\u00ebrues. Secil\u00ebn hallk\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb e prekim, e kemi prekur t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb. Nuk mund t\u00eb flasim madje as p\u00ebr kthim tek shteti social i pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Nj\u00eb tatim progresiv, dhe at\u00eb i limituar. Kaq na mund\u00ebson shteti sot. Ndryshe, kapitalet transferohen shum\u00eb leht\u00eb, dhe po aq leht\u00eb gjejn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e tjera. Thithja e investitor\u00ebve dhe kushtet e mira p\u00ebr ta vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb formulat e vetme t\u00eb \u201czhvillimit\u201d.<\/p>\n

Popullizmi i majt\u00eb vjen prej nj\u00eb shkolle teorike q\u00eb ka n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtimit tema t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme si diskursi, hegjemonia e politika \u2013 \u00a0sfera e polisit. Por, i nj\u00ebjti, mbetet me munges\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb kritik\u00ebs s\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb politike. Ekonomia politike nuk duhet par\u00eb si marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia shkak-pasoj\u00eb me politik\u00ebn e hegjemonin\u00eb, por ama mungesa e saj na l\u00eb pa horizont. Kjo munges\u00eb shpesh d\u00ebrgon edhe n\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb shkurtra dhe thjesht\u00ebzim t\u00eb shtuar t\u00eb problemeve. Pa synuar ta shnd\u00ebrrojm\u00eb politik\u00ebn n\u00eb kated\u00ebr t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb, thjesht\u00ebzimi i tepruar i problemeve mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e identifikimit, por nuk u jep njer\u00ebzve mjete \u00e7lirimi as mund\u00ebsi emancipimi. Ndaj, Zhizhek ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb kur shprehet kund\u00ebr popullizmit, duke k\u00ebrkuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb kritik\u00eb t\u00eb ideologjis\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb ndarjeve t\u00eb thjeshta q\u00eb karikaturojn\u00eb situat\u00ebn si ajo midis t\u00eb mir\u00ebs e t\u00eb keqes. M\u00eb shum\u00eb kritik\u00eb ideologjike n\u00eb vend t\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb shkurtra dhe t\u00eb thjeshta, dhe jo mbylljes n\u00eb nocione si sovraniteti e shteti. Megjithat\u00eb, ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sugjerim p\u00ebr t\u00eb mosvepruar aty ku jemi, brenda hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs gjeografike.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht, \u00e7far\u00eb na duhet sot \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rivler\u00ebsim i shtetit si nj\u00ebsia bazike e veprimit politik. Shteti sot \u00ebsht\u00eb i tep\u00ebrt dhe i pamjaftuesh\u00ebm nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht. \u00cbsht\u00eb i pamjaftuesh\u00ebm dhe i dob\u00ebt p\u00ebrball\u00eb kapitalit financiar, korporatave miliard\u00ebshe dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve politike perandorake. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto vizatojn\u00eb limitet e nd\u00ebrhyrjes shtet\u00ebrore. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, shteti \u00ebsht\u00eb i tep\u00ebrt dhe i huaj si mbivendosje e centralizuar, represive e burokratike mbi shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb. Duhet menduar p\u00ebrtej shtetit sepse na duhet nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri m\u00eb demokratike dhe e decentralizuar; p\u00ebrtej shtetit sepse na duhet nj\u00eb projekt i ri internacionalist q\u00eb arrin t\u2019i adresoj\u00eb problemet si pabarazia, ambienti, klima e emigracioni.<\/p>\n

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Popullizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb prej nocioneve m\u00eb t\u00eb studiuara viteve t\u00eb fundit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb cil\u00ebsimi m\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb debatet e studiot tona televizive. Po t\u00eb shkoi mendja ta ngresh pak z\u00ebrin, t\u00eb quajn\u00eb popullist sepse popullisti \u00ebsht\u00eb i pasjellsh\u00ebm; po e shpalle ndonj\u00eb q\u00ebllim p\u00ebrtej llogarive t\u00eb kornizuara, je popullist jasht\u00eb realitetit, sepse popullisti […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":9687,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1322,1307],"ppma_author":[88],"class_list":["post-4812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kritike","tag-kritike","tag-popullizmi"],"authors":[{"term_id":88,"user_id":78,"is_guest":0,"slug":"zgjim-hyseni","display_name":"Zgjim Hyseni","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/zgjim.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/zgjim.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Hyseni","first_name":"Zgjim","description":"Zgjim Hyseni \u00ebsht\u00eb ish-drejtues i Sekretariatit p\u00ebr Formim Ideo-politik i L\u00ebvizjes Vet\u00ebvendosje!, Hyseni \u00ebsht\u00eb an\u00ebtar i kryesis\u00eb i Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4812"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9688,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4812\/revisions\/9688"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4812"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}