{"id":4866,"date":"2020-12-18T13:50:40","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T11:50:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4866"},"modified":"2024-10-23T15:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T13:13:46","slug":"kthimi-ne-te-shkuaren-rendi-liberal-dhe-struktura-e-sistemit-nderkombetar-pjesa-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/kthimi-ne-te-shkuaren-rendi-liberal-dhe-struktura-e-sistemit-nderkombetar-pjesa-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Kthimi n\u00eb t\u00eb shkuar\u00ebn: rendi liberal dhe struktura e sistemit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar – Pjesa I"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Shum\u00eb lider\u00eb bot\u00ebror\u00eb \u2013 sidomos nga vendet per\u00ebndimore \u2013 studiues, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs organizatash nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare apo edhe ndjek\u00ebs t\u00eb v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, tash sa koh\u00eb, e vler\u00ebsonin t\u00eb nevojshme largimin e Presidentit Trump nga Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb me iden\u00eb se, sipas tyre, me fitoren e Joseph Biden gjendja n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet dhe sistemin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar do t\u00eb kthehet aty ku kishte qen\u00eb para vitit 2016. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi, ShBA-t\u00eb do vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kultivojn\u00eb aleancat e nj\u00ebjta; t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb intensive \u2013 politikisht dhe financiarisht \u2013 organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare; t\u00eb promovojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb avancojn\u00eb strukturat ligjore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe t\u00eb angazhohen nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarisht, n\u00eb trajt\u00ebn dhe modalitetin e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, ashtu si\u00e7 jemi m\u00ebsuar t\u2019i shohim q\u00eb nga fundi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, duke promovuar parimet dhe shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb vlerat e rendit liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Andaj, me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb shtrohet pyetja se, a do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb rendi liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb prezervohet dhe t\u00eb vazhdohet t\u00eb promovohet nga presidenti i sapozgjedhur amerikan, Joseph Biden, m\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn frym\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmbajtje sikur p\u00ebrpara fillimit t\u00eb mandatit t\u00eb Donald Trump?<\/p>\n

Kuptimi dhe shfaqja e rendit liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar<\/em><\/p>\n

Para se t\u00eb shpalosen argumentet e nevojshme me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb ofrohet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje e q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr pyetjen e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme, konsideroj se \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb ofrohet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim konsensual p\u00ebr vet\u00eb termin e \u201crendit liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u201d. Edhe pse viteve t\u00eb fundit kjo fraz\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb debate akademike dhe n\u00eb media, koncepti n\u00eb fjal\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb larg i t\u00eb qenit vet\u00ebshpjegues. N\u00eb fakt, ekzistojn\u00eb aq versione t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimeve p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb koncept, sa ka edhe artikuj t\u00eb botuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kur p\u00ebrmendet ky term, shumica e studiuesve e kan\u00eb n\u00eb mendje sistemin e krijuar pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore q\u00eb personifikohet me Sistemin e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara, Fondin Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore, Organizat\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore e Tregtis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjitha organet e agjencit\u00eb tjera q\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen m\u00eb k\u00ebto institucione. P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb i sakt\u00eb,\u00a0John Ikenberry<\/a>, profesor i Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Universitetin e Princeton-it dhe autori i librit: \u201cA World Safe for Democracy: Liberal Internationalism and Crises of Global Order<\/a>\u201d, rendin liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar e \u00a0p\u00ebrkufizon\u00a0<\/a>si nj\u00eb \u201crend nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb hapur i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb mish\u00ebruar n\u00eb\u00a0institucione<\/em>\u00a0si Kombet e Bashkuara dhe n\u00eb\u00a0norma<\/em>\u00a0si multilateralizmi\u201d. Ky autor konsideron se rendi aktual nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj fuzionimi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb\u00a0dy rendeve<\/a>\u00a0dhe projekteve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme historike: i pari, krijimi i shteteve moderne, projekt q\u00eb fillon me Paqen e Vestfalis\u00eb (1648), dhe i dyti, rendi liberal q\u00eb p\u00ebr dy shekujt e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb konceptuar dhe udh\u00ebhequr nga Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar dhe ShBA-t\u00eb dhe i cili, n\u00eb shekullin XX-t\u00eb, u ndihmua duksh\u00ebm nga \u201cngritja liberale\u201d, q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton rritjen e numrit t\u00eb shteteve q\u00eb p\u00ebrqafuan sistemin e demokracis\u00eb liberale. P\u00ebr Ikenberry, dhe shum\u00eb studiues tjer\u00eb per\u00ebndimor\u00eb,\u00a0Karta e Atlantikut<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 deklarat\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt e n\u00ebnshkruar me 1941 n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Presidentit t\u00eb ShBA-s\u00eb, Franklin D. Roosevelt dhe Kryeministrit britanik, Winston Churchill \u2013 p\u00ebrben dokumentin themelues t\u00eb rendit liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.\u00a0Q\u00ebllimi kryesor<\/a>\u00a0i k\u00ebtij dakordimi n\u00eb mes t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy lider\u00ebve politik\u00eb, i arritur p\u00ebrpara q\u00eb ShBA-ja t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, ishte jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb vendos\u00eb paqen, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb rend nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar q\u00eb do t\u2019ju mund\u00ebsonte shteteve t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt e tyre.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb autor\u00ebt bien dakord p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e fillimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij rendi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb priz\u00ebm,\u00a0John Mearsheimer<\/a>, Profesor n\u00eb Departamentin e Shkencave Politike t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Chicago-s, konstaton se gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb ShBA-t\u00eb dhe aleat\u00ebt e saj nd\u00ebrtuan nj\u00eb rend t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm, por ky rend nuk ishte as nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe as liberal. Ky ishte nj\u00eb \u201crend i kufizuar\u201d q\u00ebllimi primar dhe m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i t\u00eb cilit ishte t\u00eb konkurroj\u00eb, n\u00eb domenin e siguris\u00eb, me nj\u00eb rend tjet\u00ebr rival t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga Bashkimi Sovjetik. Mearsheimer argumenton se ky rend nuk ishte as liberal dhe as komunist, por udh\u00ebhiqej kryek\u00ebput nga parimet themelore t\u00eb realizmit. Shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe fundi i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, i mund\u00ebsoi shteteve fituese per\u00ebndimore \u2013 n\u00ebn udh\u00ebheqjen e ShBA-s\u00eb \u2013 fillimin e nj\u00eb\u00a0rendi t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb liberal<\/a> dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Sepse vet\u00ebm kur sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb unipolar, r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia ideologjike e polit dominues n\u00eb sistem merr relevanc\u00eb strategjike dhe t\u00eb pakontestueshme. Andaj, rendi liberal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb sistemet unipolare ku shteti udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb demokraci liberale.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shum\u00eb lider\u00eb bot\u00ebror\u00eb \u2013 sidomos nga vendet per\u00ebndimore \u2013 studiues, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs organizatash nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare apo edhe ndjek\u00ebs t\u00eb v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb politik\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, tash sa koh\u00eb, e vler\u00ebsonin t\u00eb nevojshme largimin e Presidentit Trump nga Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb me iden\u00eb se, sipas tyre, me fitoren e Joseph Biden gjendja n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet dhe sistemin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar do t\u00eb kthehet […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":402,"featured_media":8955,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[656],"ppma_author":[688],"class_list":["post-4866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-usa"],"authors":[{"term_id":688,"user_id":402,"is_guest":0,"slug":"alfred-marleku","display_name":"Alfred Marleku","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_0067-min-scaled-1-e1725456797811.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_0067-min-scaled-1-e1725456797811.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Marleku","first_name":"Alfred","description":"Alfred Marleku ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet bachelor, master dhe ato t\u00eb doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb shkenca politike. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebrues n\u00eb Kolegjin \u201cUBT\u201d, Fakultetin e Shkencave Politike.\r\n\r\nP\u00ebr shum\u00eb vjet ka punuar si menaxher i projekteve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb financuara nga Komisioni Evropian, USAID-i, Ambasada Amerikane etj., t\u00eb cilat fokusohen, kryesisht, n\u00eb reformat e arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim dhe zhvillim (R&D); kthimin e trurit; zhvillimin e plan-programeve n\u00eb harmoni me nevojat e tregut etj. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ka qen\u00eb i angazhuar edhe n\u00eb sektorin publik si k\u00ebshilltar politik n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e bashk\u00ebpunimit juridik nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/402"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4866"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9002,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4866\/revisions\/9002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4866"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}