{"id":4940,"date":"2016-10-10T09:53:37","date_gmt":"2016-10-10T07:53:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4940"},"modified":"2024-11-12T16:53:30","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T14:53:30","slug":"fatalizmi-apo-klientelizmi-dilema-e-sotshme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/fatalizmi-apo-klientelizmi-dilema-e-sotshme\/","title":{"rendered":"Fatalizmi apo klientelizmi, dilema e sotshme"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"news-up\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Zgjedhjet e para e t\u00eb lira demokratike n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e ish vendeve komuniste, kishin nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrje shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb votuesve. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs dhe me rritjen e zhg\u00ebnjimit nga qeverit\u00eb e para demokratike, kjo pjes\u00ebmarrje filloi t\u00eb binte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb drastike vazhdimisht. Kjo vlen edhe p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn, ku zgjedhjet e para kishin nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrje rekorde e cila ra ndjesh\u00ebm me kalimin e viteve, dhe kjo p\u00ebrqindje tani mezi arrin n\u00eb rreth 40% t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb vote. Sigurisht q\u00eb nga vendi n\u00eb vend dhe nd\u00ebr vite kishte dallime p\u00ebr nga konteksti politik e historik. Mir\u00ebpo, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto vende kishin tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, meq\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia dhe roli i sistemit demokratik e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit politik vihej n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"news-down\">\n<p>Studiuesit e shumt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm filluan ta nd\u00ebrlidhin k\u00ebt\u00eb dukuri jo vet\u00ebm me joefikasitetin e qeverive, me shkall\u00ebn e lart\u00eb t\u00eb korrupsionit apo me nivelin e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb zhvillimit ekonomik por edhe me munges\u00ebn e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb t\u00eb alternativave politike nga ana e subjekteve politike opozitare. Nj\u00eb dukuri e cila u quajt TINA, nga shkurtesa e fjalis\u00eb \u2018there is no alternative\u2019 apo n\u00eb shqip, \u2018nuk ka asnj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb\u2019. Lodhja nga klasat e korruptuara politike, por edhe nga paaft\u00ebsia opozitare, t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb platforma t\u00eb realizueshme politike e zgjidhje t\u00eb duhura t\u00eb nevojave t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve, ishin shkaqet q\u00eb vonuan demokratizimin n\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete e n\u00eb disa raste kontribuuan duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb ngritjen n\u00eb pushtet t\u00eb ekstremist\u00ebve e populist\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb disa vende madje ndikuan edhe n\u00eb instalimin e autoritarizmit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rastin e Ballkanit, e sidomos n\u00eb rastin e Kosov\u00ebs, kjo anomali e p\u00ebrcjell demokracin\u00eb dhe zhvillimet politike n\u00eb vend p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Si mund t\u00eb shpjegohet ndryshe paradoksi, kur n\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00eb jan\u00eb evidente pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia e vazhdueshme dhe aq e lart\u00eb me qeverit\u00eb e deritashme, dhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr \u00a0pamund\u00ebsia e subjekteve opozitar\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mobilizojn\u00eb elektoratin e zhg\u00ebnjyer dhe t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb zgjedhjet. Sidomos, kur kihet parasysh q\u00eb deri tani jan\u00eb mbajtur disa pal\u00eb zgjedhje dhe koalicionet qeveris\u00ebse kan\u00eb qen\u00eb gati n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb partiake. Sigurisht mund t\u00eb thuhet, q\u00eb klientelizmi dhe kapja e institucioneve publike nga ana e partive n\u00eb pushtet, e pamund\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gar\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb dhe korrekte zgjedhore, por ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb argument i mjaftuesh\u00ebm. Pasi q\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht klientelizmi e korrupsioni do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishin shkaqet kryesore p\u00ebr ndryshime politike. Meq\u00eb, k\u00ebto ndryshime politike nuk po ndodhin, at\u00ebher\u00eb arsyet jan\u00eb edhe t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>Sociologu gjerman Max Weber, duke diskutuar p\u00ebr udh\u00ebheqjen gjermane, thuajse para nj\u00eb shekulli e quante ket\u00eb si \u2018politik\u00eb shterp\u00eb\u2019. Ai pohonte se duke u ankuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn dhe duke ndjell\u00eb frik\u00eb, bart\u00ebsit politik\u00eb po i shmangeshin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb politike e shoq\u00ebrore dhe po krijonin etik\u00eb t\u00eb rrejshme, e cila bazohej n\u00eb demagogji e populiz\u00ebm. Me fjal\u00eb tjera, kritika ndaj politik\u00ebs pa alternativ\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb nuk \u00e7on n\u00eb zhvillim shoq\u00ebror e shtet funksional. P\u00ebrkundrazi ato mund t\u00eb sjellin vet\u00ebm politika sentimentale e t\u00eb p\u00eblqyeshme eventualisht nga masa por jo edhe domosdo t\u00eb arsyeshme e t\u00eb duhura. Zhvillimet e m\u00ebvonshme historike d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb se Weber-i me k\u00ebt\u00eb kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00ebshimet politike t\u00eb opozit\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viteve, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb shumta dhe t\u00eb ndryshme, por nj\u00ebra nga k\u00ebto \u00ebsht\u00eb se jan\u00eb marr\u00eb s\u00eb tep\u00ebrmi dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb merren kryesisht me qeverin\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak me vet\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt dhe nevojat e tyre. Duk\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pah kryesisht keqqeverisjen, por jo edhe duke ofruar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn dhe rrug\u00ebn e duhur t\u00eb nj\u00eb qeverisjeje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Opozita apo th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb, lider\u00ebt partiak\u00eb t\u00eb opozit\u00ebs, duken n\u00eb disa aspekte m\u00eb t\u00eb paareformuesh\u00ebm sesa vet\u00eb partit\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet q\u00eb po humbasin legjitimitetin politik dhe qeveris\u00ebs \u00e7do dit\u00eb e m\u00eb tep\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb debatet e ndryshme teorike e akademike, kritika b\u00ebh\u00ebt q\u00ebllim n\u00eb vete i vler\u00ebsimit objektiv dhe i p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit konstant. Kurse n\u00eb politik\u00eb, ku synohen t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohen interesat e mas\u00ebs dhe jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb shpalosen pik\u00ebpamjet personale, gjendja q\u00ebndron shum\u00eb m\u00eb ndryshe. T\u00eb kritikosh ashp\u00ebr dhe n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi qeverin\u00eb dhe politikat e tyre, dhe t\u00eb mos ofrosh zgjidhje e alternativa m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme e t\u00eb besueshme, nuk i vjen n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb askujt. Aq m\u00eb pak qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb r\u00ebndomt\u00eb, t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb peng n\u00eb betejat e zhurmshme dhe d\u00ebshp\u00ebruese p\u00ebr pushtet. Sepse, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb po u zgjatet jeta politike atyre politikan\u00ebve q\u00eb keqqeverisin, abuzojn\u00eb me pushtet, q\u00eb izoluan dhe varf\u00ebruan popullin dhe q\u00eb nuk meritojn\u00eb aspak vot\u00ebbesimin e qytetar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n<p>Politika nuk b\u00ebhet me komunikata por as me anketa. Vet\u00ebm duke ofruar alternativa t\u00eb politikave publike dhe duke i bindur konkretisht qytetar\u00ebt sesi do t\u00eb qeveriset, si do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet ekonomia e mir\u00ebqenia e tyre, mund edhe t\u00eb priten ndryshimet politike. Por, me nj\u00eb qasje fataliste, ku parashihen luft\u00ebrat, krizat dhe situata apokaliptike, nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet as gjendja e r\u00ebnd\u00eb socio-ekonomike e as nuk mund t\u00eb luftohet sistemi ekzistuese klientelist. Me ligj\u00ebrim t\u00eb till\u00eb politik, vet\u00ebm do t\u00eb frik\u00ebsohen qytetar\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb votime dhe do t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjehen tutje edhe ata qytetar\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ndryshime t\u00eb duhura. Nd\u00ebrkaq ndryshimet politike nuk varen vet\u00ebm nga numri i votave apo i deputet\u00ebve, por ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nga ndryshimi thelb\u00ebsor e i t\u00ebr\u00ebsish\u00ebm i mend\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe veprimtaris\u00eb politike. Dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet pik\u00ebs\u00ebpari t\u00eb ofrohen alternativa m\u00eb t\u00eb mira qeveris\u00ebse.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zgjedhjet e para e t\u00eb lira demokratike n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e ish vendeve komuniste, kishin nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrje shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb votuesve. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs dhe me rritjen e zhg\u00ebnjimit nga qeverit\u00eb e para demokratike, kjo pjes\u00ebmarrje filloi t\u00eb binte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb drastike vazhdimisht. Kjo vlen edhe p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn, ku zgjedhjet e para kishin nj\u00eb [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":9655,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[664],"ppma_author":[41],"class_list":["post-4940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-kosovo"],"authors":[{"term_id":41,"user_id":31,"is_guest":0,"slug":"bekim-baliqi","display_name":"Bekim Baliqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bekim-Baliqi-300x175-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Bekim-Baliqi-300x175-1.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Baliqi","first_name":"Bekim","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4940"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10089,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4940\/revisions\/10089"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4940"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}