{"id":4974,"date":"2016-01-23T13:06:06","date_gmt":"2016-01-23T11:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=4974"},"modified":"2024-11-07T13:08:09","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T11:08:09","slug":"i-vellai-le-te-vellane-hidhet-me-tjeter-ane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/i-vellai-le-te-vellane-hidhet-me-tjeter-ane\/","title":{"rendered":"I v\u00ebllai le t\u00eb v\u00ebllan\u00eb, hidhet m\u00eb tjet\u00ebr an\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Irani dhe Arabia Saudite (dhe Jemeni mes dy zjarreve)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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1. Hyrje<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI v\u00ebllai le t\u00eb v\u00ebllan\u00eb, hidhet\u00eb m\u00eb tjet\u00ebr an\u00eb\u201d. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb dy vargje t\u00eb shkoqitura prej k\u00ebng\u00ebs V t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb njohur t\u00eb Naim Frash\u00ebrit, poem\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u201cQerbelaja\u201d, ku poeti bektashi shqiptar p\u00ebrshkruan ndarjen q\u00eb pasoi nga lufta mes dy kalif\u00ebve mysliman\u00eb, Aliut dhe Muavijut. Tek kjo ndarje, dhe tek konflikti mes bijve t\u00eb tyre, Hasanit e Hysenit, bijve t\u00eb Aliut dhe Jezidit, t\u00eb birit t\u00eb Muavijut, z\u00eb fill edhe ndarja mes besimtar\u00ebve islam\u00eb, ndarja tek\u00a0umeti (komuniteti global)\u00a0mysliman\u00eb \u2013 n\u00eb sunit\u00eb dhe shiit\u00eb. Kjo ndarje, edhe sot p\u00ebrshkon historin\u00eb moderne t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme. N\u00eb shekullin XX e tutje, kjo ndarje sektare ka influencuar edhe ndarjet politike mes mysliman\u00ebve, q\u00eb ka marr\u00eb shprehje sidomos me lindjen e shteteve n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme gjat\u00eb shekujve XIX e XX.<\/p>\n

Nga gjysma e dyt\u00eb e shekullit XX e tutje, e posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb shekullin XXI, kjo ndarje sektare ka marr\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb konfliktit politik shtet\u00ebror, mes Iranit shiit dhe Arabis\u00eb Saudite sunite. Kjo \u201cluft\u00eb e ftoht\u00eb\u201d mes dy shteteve, viteve t\u00eb fundit, n\u00eb episode t\u00eb caktuara, ka marr\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa edhe t\u00eb konfliktit t\u00eb hapur, ndon\u00ebse asnj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb kund\u00ebr nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Pas Libanit, Palestin\u00ebs, Afganistanit, Irakut, Bahrejnit e Siris\u00eb, Jemeni \u00ebsht\u00eb arena e radh\u00ebs ku p\u00ebrlasen ndarjet sektare shia-suni dhe posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht forma politike etatiste e tyre, konkurrenca gjeopolitike nd\u00ebrmjet Iranit dhe Arabis\u00eb Saudite.<\/p>\n

Ky syzim analitik rend t\u00eb shpjegoj\u00eb k\u00ebto p\u00ebrplasje gjeopolitike mes dy vendeve, duke marr\u00eb shembullin e Luft\u00ebs Civile t\u00eb krejtvonshme t\u00eb Jemenit si miniatur\u00eb e teatrit t\u00eb madh gjeostrategjik ku zhvillohet p\u00ebrplasja iraniano-saudite.<\/p>\n

2. Ndarja dhe tensionet sektare<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prejardhja e ndasis\u00eb shia-suni daton q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 632, vitin e vdekjes s\u00eb profetit Muhamed. Ndarja n\u00eb thelb ndodhi n\u00eb lidhje me kalifin (m\u00ebk\u00ebmb\u00ebsin) i cili do ta pasonte profetin tanim\u00eb t\u00eb vdekur. Kur\u2019ani \u00ebsht\u00eb libri i shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy sektet, por mospajtime ka rreth interpretimit dhe selektimit t\u00eb haditheve, m\u00ebsimeve nga jeta e profetit. 90-96% e mysliman\u00ebve (disa burime japin shifr\u00ebn 85%) besohet t\u00eb jen\u00eb sunit\u00eb, gjersa 5-10% shiit\u00eb. Shumica e shteteve me shumic\u00eb myslimane n\u00eb bot\u00eb jan\u00eb sunit\u00eb, p\u00ebrjashto Iranin, Irakun, Bahrejnin dhe Azerbajxhanin, kurse Libani e Jemeni kan\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb mes dy sekteve.<\/p>\n

Shumica e besimtar\u00ebve shiit\u00eb i takojn\u00eb deg\u00ebs s\u00eb dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb-imamive, q\u00eb i referohen dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb imam\u00ebve \u2013 pasuesve t\u00eb Muhamedit dhe Mehdiut, si imami i dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ringjallet n\u00eb Tok\u00eb p\u00ebr ta vendosur t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht besimin islam, vet\u00ebm pak koh\u00eb para dit\u00ebs s\u00eb gjykimit (kiametit). Por, shiit\u00ebt kan\u00eb edhe ndarje t\u00eb tjera brenda vetes. Ata ndahen var\u00ebsisht prej numrit t\u00eb imam\u00ebve q\u00eb pranohen: dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb imamit\u00eb apo shiizmi dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00ebsh, shiizmi shtat\u00ebsh (Ismailit\u00eb) dhe shiizmi pes\u00ebsh (Zaidit\u00eb). Dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00ebshit jan\u00eb shumic\u00eb dhe jetojn\u00eb kryesisht n\u00eb Iran, Irak, Turqi, Liban, shtetet e Gjirit Persik, etj. Ismailit\u00eb kryesisht gjenden n\u00eb Indi, Pakistan e Afrik\u00eb Lindore, zaidit\u00eb n\u00eb Jemen, por ka edhe alevi n\u00eb Siri dhe druz\u00eb ne Egjipt (k\u00ebto dy t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb sekte heterodokse dhe jasht\u00eb trupit t\u00eb Islamit shiit). N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, sunizmi ka kat\u00ebr shkolla t\u00eb m\u00ebdha juridike (fiqh) t\u00eb ngritura q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin IX (hanefi, hanbali, maliki, shafi) q\u00eb dallojn\u00eb nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra n\u00eb qasjen metodologjike dhe n\u00eb disa rregulla specifike n\u00eb interpretimin e ligjit islam. Hanefit\u00eb shtrihen kryesisht n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, Turqi, Egjipt, Jordani dhe Azi t\u00eb Mesme e Jugore. Hanbalit\u00eb shtrihen kryesisht n\u00eb Arabin\u00eb Saudite e Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe. Malikit\u00eb n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Veriore e Qendrore dhe n\u00eb Kuvajt, kurse Shafit\u00eb n\u00eb Indonezi, Malajzi, Jemen dhe Afrik\u00ebn Lindore. Sunit\u00ebt ndjekin\u00a0rashidun\u00ebt\u00a0apo kat\u00ebr kalif\u00ebt e drejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejtudh\u00ebzuar q\u00eb udh\u00ebhoq\u00ebn pas profetit Muhamed: Ebu Bekrin, Omarin, Uthmanin dhe Aliun. Shiit\u00ebt njohin meritat e tre t\u00eb par\u00ebve, por k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulin se e drejta e trash\u00ebgimit i takon vet\u00ebm Ehli Bejtit, familjes s\u00eb profetit. K\u00ebshtu, shiat e p\u00ebrkrahin Imamatin, pasuesit familjar\u00eb, kurse sunit\u00ebt Kalifatin (hilafetin), pasuesit e zgjedhur.<\/p>\n

Shteti me popullsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe sunite n\u00eb bot\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Indonezia, kurse me popullsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe shiite \u00ebsht\u00eb Irani. Pakistani \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi i dyt\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb p\u00ebr popullsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe edhe sunite edhe shiite.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arja sektare k\u00ebshtu ndodhi rreth kontestit se kush do ta pasonte profetin si kalif i umetit, i komunitetit bot\u00ebror mysliman. Sunit\u00ebt besojn\u00eb se at\u00eb pozit\u00eb e meritonte Ebu Bekri, i ati i Ajshes, gruas s\u00eb Muhamedit dhe se kjo metod\u00eb \u2013\u00a0Shura\u00a0\u2013 e p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb prij\u00ebsve ishte e duhura dhe se kishte baz\u00eb kuranore, duke u bazuar n\u00eb disa ajete t\u00eb Kur\u2019anit dhe n\u00eb disa hadithe. Anaprapthi, shiat besojn\u00eb se Muhamedi e kishte paracaktuar si pasues t\u00eb tij djalin e axh\u00ebs dhe dh\u00ebndrrin e tij, Aliun, Ali Ibn Talibin, babain e nipave t\u00eb tij \u2013 Hasanit dhe Hysenit. P\u00ebrcaktimin p\u00ebr Aliun, thon\u00eb shiit\u00ebt, profeti e b\u00ebri n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me vullnetin e zotit. Aliu ishte i martuar me Fatimen, t\u00eb bij\u00ebn e profetit. Shiit\u00ebt, pretendimin e tyre mbi p\u00ebrcaktimin e Aliut si pasues t\u00eb profetit nga vet\u00eb ai e bazojn\u00eb n\u00eb hadithin e Gadir Humit, t\u00eb njohur si hadithi Thekalejn apo \u201chadithi i dy amaneteve t\u00eb \u00e7mueshme\u201d. Tek liqeni i Gadir Humit, n\u00eb vitin e dhjet\u00eb t\u00eb hixhrit, hadithi thot\u00eb se Muhamedi u la amanet umetit Kur\u2019anin si lib\u00ebr t\u00eb zotit dhe Aliun si pasues t\u00eb tij, si Ehli Bejt (familja e profetit). Fakti q\u00eb Aliu s\u2019u zgjodh kalif dhe emir, nga shiit\u00ebt cil\u00ebsohet si tradhti ndaj profetit, familjes s\u00eb tij dhe amanetit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb Thekalejnit. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb vet\u00eb Aliu, bashk\u00eb me familjar\u00ebt e Muhamedit, po e varrosnin xhenazen e profetit, Ebu Bekri, Omari dhe shumica e sahab\u00ebve (shok\u00ebve e shoq\u00ebruesve t\u00eb profetit) u mblodh\u00ebn dhe e zgjodh\u00ebn Ebu Bekrin si kalif. N\u00eb fakt, duhet cekur, se vet\u00eb Aliu, p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb unitetit, nuk e kund\u00ebrshtoi zgjedhjen e Ebu Bekrit si kalif dhe i sh\u00ebrbeu me besnik\u00ebri edhe atij edhe kalif\u00ebve pasues.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebsisoj, vet\u00eb fjala shia do t\u00eb thot\u00eb pasues \u2013\u00a0shi\u2019atu \u2018Ali, pasuesit e Aliut. Kurse, fjala suni do t\u00eb thot\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim t\u00eb lir\u00eb praktikues t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb profetit \u2013\u00a0ahl al-sunnah.<\/p>\n

Sunit\u00ebt dhe shiit\u00ebt ndahen n\u00eb shum\u00eb pika: mbi ardhjen e Mehdiut, mbi v\u00ebrtet\u00ebsin\u00eb e disa haditheve, mbi sheriatin e ixhtihadin, respektin e adhurimin ndaj imam\u00ebve t\u00eb vdekur, praktikave e ritualeve fetare (r\u00ebnies n\u00eb sexhde gjat\u00eb faljes, mutakut \u2013 martesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme, hixhabit, festimit t\u00eb Ashures, p\u00ebrt\u00ebritjen e dyt\u00ebshimin e emrave t\u00eb shok\u00ebve t\u00eb Aliut apo t\u00eb kalif\u00ebve, etj.), shtyllave bazike t\u00eb fes\u00eb (shiat, pos pes\u00eb shtyllave baz\u00eb, q\u00eb i kan\u00eb edhe sunit\u00ebt, kan\u00eb edhe\u00a0Usul al-Dinin\u00a0dhe\u00a0Furu al-Dinin), etj.<\/p>\n

Ngjarje ky\u00e7e nga e kaluara q\u00eb shenjojn\u00eb dallimin suni-shia, pos p\u00ebrplasjeve rreth halifit, jan\u00eb edhe beteja e Sifinit (kur n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr Muavijut, n\u00eb vitin 661 Aliu u vra nga havarixh\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e akuzuan p\u00ebr arm\u00ebpushimin e negociatat me Muavijun) dhe beteja e Qerbelas\u00eb, kur m\u00eb 680 u vra imam Hyseni, i biri i Aliut, n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr kalifit amajad, Jezitit I, birit t\u00eb Muavijut, kalifit q\u00eb erdhi pas vrasjes s\u00eb Aliut. Lufta civile e viteve 656-661 mes Aliut e Muavijut njihet si Lufta e par\u00eb Civile apo Fitnja e Par\u00eb, gjersa lufta e viteve 680-692 (q\u00eb nisi mes Jezitit dhe Hysenit) njihet si Fitna e dyt\u00eb. Nj\u00eb prej studiuesve m\u00eb serioz t\u00eb Islamit dhe Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, Xhon Esposito vler\u00ebson rebelimin e imam Hysenit si ngjarjen q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb ndarjen p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb komunitetit mysliman n\u00eb dy pjes\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb tij \u2013 n\u00eb sunit\u00eb dhe shiit\u00eb (John L. Esposito,\u00a0Islam – The Straight Path. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. p. 45).<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse sot Irani njihet si fortesa e shiizmit, n\u00eb fakt shiizmi s\u2019arriti n\u00eb Persi gjer n\u00eb shek. XV dhe vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb dinastis\u00eb safavide n\u00eb shek. XVI shiizmi u b\u00eb fe zyrtare e Persis\u00eb. Gjer n\u00eb shek. XVII, akoma nuk ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb shiit\u00eb shumica e iranian\u00ebve. Si\u00e7 potencon Sejid Husein Nasri, filozof iranian, tek libri i tij \u201cSunnizmi dhe Shi\u2019izmi\u201d , gjat\u00eb shekujve IX-X, bastioni i shiizmit ishte n\u00eb vende t\u00eb sotme sunite, n\u00eb Siri dhe Afrik\u00ebn Veriore, gjersa Horasani, qytet i sot\u00ebm iranian shiit, asokohe qe bastion sunit. Oliver Roj, nj\u00eb studiues i shquar i Islamit dhe sekularizmit, pretendon se realisht s\u2019ka pasur \u00e7arje mes sunit\u00ebve dhe shiit\u00ebve gjer n\u00eb shekullin XX, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht gjer n\u00eb Revolucionin Islamik t\u00eb vitit 1979 t\u00eb ajatollah\u00ebve shiit\u00eb t\u00eb Iranit. Kurse, nj\u00eb studiues tjet\u00ebr i shquar dhe autor i disa librave mbi Persin\u00eb dhe Islamin, Uerllemani, vler\u00ebson se ndarja shia-sunni \u00ebsht\u00eb projeksion politik modern, q\u00eb zuri fill me k\u00ebto kat\u00ebr ngjarje historike t\u00eb shekullit XX: 1. shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, 2. zbulimi i naft\u00ebs n\u00eb rajon n\u00eb vitet \u201920, 3. krijimi i shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit m\u00eb 1948 dhe 4. pu\u00e7i i p\u00ebrkrahur nga CIA<\/a> p\u00ebr rr\u00ebzimin e presidentit t\u00eb zgjedhur t\u00eb Iranit, Mosadekut, m\u00eb 1953 .<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr dallimeve politike dhe mospajtimeve n\u00eb besim, sunizmi dhe shiizmi nuk duhet par\u00eb si revolt\u00eb ndaj drejtbesimit t\u00eb rr\u00ebnjosur, prandaj s\u2019kan\u00eb krahasim me l\u00ebvizjet reformatore n\u00eb krisht\u00ebrim apo judaiz\u00ebm. Shiizmi dhe sunizmi duhen par\u00eb si vet\u00eb pjes\u00ebt integrale t\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtbesimi islam, si dy interpretime besimplota t\u00eb shpalljes islame. P\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kemi devijime nga parimet bazike \u2013 thot\u00eb Sejid Husein Nasri \u2013 nuk kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me \u00e7arje, por unitet mbi zbatime t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb shtyllave t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta t\u00eb besimit islam. Ai thot\u00eb se uniteti nuk shkat\u00ebrrohet nga zbatimet e ndryshme, por nga shkat\u00ebrrimi i parimeve.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, pas Revolucionit Islamik n\u00eb Iran e tutje, ndarja sektare \u00ebsht\u00eb politizuar dhe ka marr\u00eb pamjen e rivalitetit shtet\u00ebror Iran-Arabi Saudite.<\/p>\n

3. Historiku i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve politike Iran-Arabi Saudite<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Iran-Arabi Saudite kan\u00eb qen\u00eb historikisht t\u00eb nyj\u00ebtuara mbi mospajtime fetare, gjeopolitike e gjeoekonomike. Arabia Saudite \u00ebsht\u00eb monarki sunite e shkoll\u00ebs konservatore t\u00eb vehabive me lidhje historike me ShBA-t\u00eb dhe Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar, kurse Irani \u00ebsht\u00eb republik\u00eb islamike me shumic\u00eb shiite, e ngritur mbi revolucionin antiper\u00ebndimor t\u00eb 1979-shit.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrmjet dy vendeve u p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuan pas Revolucionit Islamik t\u00eb vitit 1979, kur imam\u00ebt iranian\u00eb akuzuan monarkin\u00eb saudite si agjente t\u00eb imperializmit amerikan. Arabia Saudite e akuzoi Iranin q\u00eb po tenton ta shp\u00ebrndaj\u00eb shiizmin dhe ta eksportoj\u00eb revolucionin islamik. Programi b\u00ebrthamor iranian vet\u00ebm sa e ka shtuar m\u00eb tep\u00ebr paranoj\u00ebn dhe kritik\u00ebn saudite ndaj Iranit. Po ashtu ngjarje t\u00eb vogla historike vet\u00ebm sa i kan\u00eb st\u00ebrtensionuar k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie: interferimi iranian n\u00eb Irakun e pas-Sadamit p\u00ebrmes popullat\u00ebs shiite n\u00eb Irak, tentim-vrasja e ambasadorit saudit n\u00eb Uashington dhe Lufta Civile n\u00eb Liban, Palestin\u00eb, Siri, e s\u00eb fundi edhe n\u00eb Jemen.<\/p>\n

Periudha kohore mes Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Gjirit m\u00eb 1991 dhe Luft\u00ebs Civile n\u00eb Siri m\u00eb 2011 \u00ebsht\u00eb karakterizuar nga nj\u00eb lloj ngrohje e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve bilaterale, madje m\u00eb 2007, presidenti iranian Mahmud Ahmadinexhad vizitoi Riadin, ku u prit nga vet\u00eb mbreti Abdullah, duke iu drejtuar nj\u00ebri-shoqit si \u201cdy popuj v\u00ebllez\u00ebr\u201d.<\/p>\n

Arabia Saudite dhe Irani vendos\u00ebn marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie diplomatike m\u00eb 1929 p\u00ebrmes n\u00ebnshkrimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje t\u00eb miq\u00ebsis\u00eb reciproke. Praprakisht, m\u00eb 1925, saudit\u00ebt pushtuan Hexhazin, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00ebn kontrollin e vehabive dy vendet e shenjta t\u00eb Mek\u00ebs dhe Medin\u00ebs. Asokohe, shah Reza Pahlavi (babai i shahut Mohamed Reza Pahlavi) sh\u00ebrbeu si negociator mes Ibn Saudit (themeluesit t\u00eb dinastis\u00eb saudite dhe Arabis\u00eb Saudite) dhe mbretit Ali, sherifit t\u00eb Hexhazit (Aliu ishte i fisit sunit hashemit q\u00eb jan\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs i familjes s\u00eb Muhamedit. Vet\u00eb ai ishte mbret i Hexhazit, t\u00eb cilin post e trash\u00ebgoi nga i ati, Hyseni. V\u00ebllai tij i dyt\u00eb Abdullahu u b\u00eb mbret i Jordanis\u00eb dhe pasardh\u00ebsit e tij edhe sot sundojn\u00eb Jordanin\u00eb, kurse v\u00ebllai i vog\u00ebl, Faisali u b\u00eb mbret i Irakut dhe pasardh\u00ebsit e tij sunduan Irakun gjer m\u00eb 1958, kur u rr\u00ebzua monarkia.) Pasiq\u00eb Ibn Saudi mposhti mbretin hashemit t\u00eb Hexhazit, Aliun, saudit\u00ebt vun\u00eb n\u00eb kontroll dy vendet e shenjta dhe k\u00ebsisoj, pas marrjes s\u00eb tyre, Ibn Saudi e ftoi p\u00ebr vizit\u00eb shahun Reza Pahlavi, p\u00ebr t\u2019ia d\u00ebshmuar sesi vendet e shenjta po mbroheshin prej vehabive.<\/p>\n

Edhepse dy kombet, iranian\u00ebt shiit\u00eb dhe arab\u00ebt sunit\u00eb, kan\u00eb qendra t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme fetare n\u00eb territorin e nj\u00ebri-tjetrit \u2013 ku sunit\u00ebt vizitojn\u00eb qendrat e tyre shpirt\u00ebrore n\u00eb Iran dhe shiit\u00ebt ato n\u00eb Arabi \u2013 pelegrinazhi i haxhit shpeshher\u00eb ka qen\u00eb moll\u00eb sherri mes dy vendeve. Raste t\u00eb ndryshme \u2013 posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht t\u00eb keqtrajtimit t\u00eb pelegrin\u00ebve iranian\u00eb nga autoritetet saudite \u2013 kan\u00eb tensionuar shum\u00eb shpesh marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrjmet dy shteteve, sa q\u00eb, shum\u00eb her\u00eb, para e pas revolucionit iranian, ajatollah\u00ebt shiit\u00eb b\u00ebnin thirrje q\u00eb t\u00eb mos vizitohej Arabia Saudite p\u00ebr haxhill\u00ebk.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, gjer n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb viteve \u201960, mes dy vendeve ngel\u00ebn t\u00eb ftohta marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb diferencave sektare, por sidomos p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb qasjes moderniste t\u00eb shahut dhe njohjes nga ana e tij t\u00eb shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Izraelit.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1966, mbreti i Arabis\u00eb Saudite, plaku Fajsal vizitoi Iranin duke shprehur gatishm\u00ebrin\u00eb p\u00ebr forcimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve fqinj\u00ebsore. Pastaj, edhe shahu i Iranit, Mohamed Reza Pahlavi vizitoi Arabin\u00eb Saudite, ku u zgjodh\u00ebn mospajtimet me Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe (E.B.A) dhe Arabin\u00eb Saudite rreth tre ishujve diskutabil n\u00eb Gjirin Persik dhe ngushtic\u00ebn e Hormuzit. M\u00eb 1968 u n\u00ebnshkrua marr\u00ebveshja e demarkacionit q\u00eb i kalonte Iranit tre ishujt e pretenduar t\u00eb Tunbit t\u00eb Madh e t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl dhe Abu Mus\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, periudha mes viteve 1969 dhe 1979 p\u00ebrb\u00ebn epok\u00ebn e art\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve bilaterale. Shah Pahlavi vazhdimisht p\u00ebrkrahu mbretin Fajsal n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet e tij rreth solidaritetit panislamik dhe themelimit t\u00eb Organizat\u00ebs s\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebs Islamike (OKI-s\u00eb). N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve \u201960 dhe fillim t\u00eb viteve \u201970, Britania e Madhe sh\u00ebnoi t\u00ebrheqjen p\u00ebrfundimtare nga Gjiri Persik, me \u00e7\u2019rast Irani dhe Arabia Saudite fituan statusin e vendeve lidere n\u00eb rajon. Madje, presidenti amerikan Nikson do ta quante politik\u00ebn amerikane n\u00eb Lindje t\u00eb Mesme, \u201cpolitik\u00eb t\u00eb dy shtyllave\u201d, duke aluduar n\u00eb Iranin dhe Arabin\u00eb Saudite.<\/p>\n

Shahu i Iranit, i njohur p\u00ebr qasjen e tij modernizuese dhe proper\u00ebndimore, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve \u201960 b\u00ebri p\u00ebrpjekje maksimale p\u00ebr ta k\u00ebshilluar edhe mbretin saudit q\u00eb ta shpinte vendin e tij drejt modernitetit dhe Per\u00ebndimit. Ish-ambasadori saudit n\u00eb ShBA, princi Bandar bin Sultan tregonte nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb till\u00eb, kur shah Mohamed Reza Pahlavi i shkruante mbretit Fajsal: \u201cT\u00eb lutem, v\u00ebllai im, modernizohu. Hape vendin t\u00ebnd. B\u00ebj shkollat t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta p\u00ebr djem dhe vajza. Lejoj minifundet p\u00ebr grat\u00eb. Lejoj diskot. B\u00ebhu modern. P\u00ebrndryshe, s\u2019mund t\u00eb t\u00eb garantoj se do ta kesh gjat\u00eb n\u00eb fron.\u201d N\u00eb letr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjegjies, mbreti Fajsal i shkro<\/a>i: \u201cLartmadh\u00ebria juaj, e \u00e7moj k\u00ebshill\u00ebn tuaj. M\u00eb lejoni t\u2019jua kujtoj q\u00eb ju nuk jeni shahu i Franc\u00ebs. Ti nuk jeton n\u00eb Eliz\u00e9. Ti jeton n\u00eb Iran. Popullsia juaj \u00ebsht\u00eb 90% myslimane. Ju lutem, mos e harroni k\u00ebt\u00eb!\u201d .<\/p>\n

Jo vet\u00ebm modernizimi i tep\u00ebrt i Iranit i pengonte asokohe Arabis\u00eb Saudite. M\u00eb 1971, Irani aneksoi nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm tre ishujt diskutabil t\u00eb Gjirit, duke acaruar k\u00ebshtu marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me E.B.A.-t\u00eb, aleaten e ngusht\u00eb saudite. Shtimi i armatimeve dhe shpenzimet ushtarake t\u00eb shahut nuk mbet\u00ebn pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re prej saudit\u00ebve si k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim ndaj paqes n\u00eb rajon, sidomos n\u00eb Irak e Bahrejn, vende k\u00ebto me shumic\u00eb shiite. Prapseprap, p\u00ebrs\u00ebris, asnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb histori, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e dyanshme Iran-Arabi Saudie nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta sesa n\u00eb vitet 1968-1979.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shkurt\u00a01979 ndodhi revolucioni teokratik n\u00eb Iran. Me rr\u00ebzimin e shahut dhe ardhjen e ajatollah Ruhollah Homejnit n\u00eb pushtet, Irani haptazi e sulmoi Arabin\u00eb Saudite, edhepse mbreti i ri saudit, Haliti, menj\u00ebher\u00eb i pati d\u00ebrguar telegram urimi prij\u00ebsit t\u00eb ri iranian, duke cekur \u201csolidaritetin islamik\u201d mes dy vendeve. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb, klerik\u00ebt shiit e quajt\u00ebn Arabin\u00eb Saudite si vend t\u00eb korruptuar, diktatorial dhe si marionet\u00eb e amerikan\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, teksa Niksoni tek Irani e Arabia Saudite shihte \u201cshtyllat dyshe\u201d t\u00eb stabilitetit rajonal, pas revolucionit t\u00eb 1979-s, Regani u mundua q\u00eb Iranin ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsonte me Irakun, kurse administrata e Klintonit, gjat\u00eb viteve \u201990, \u201cshtyll\u00ebn dyshe\u201d e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi me \u201ckontrollin e dyansh\u00ebm\u201d, duke iu referuar Irakut dhe Iranit.<\/p>\n

Lufta Iran-Irak (1980-1988) vet\u00ebm sa i r\u00ebndoi k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie politike, por edhe marr\u00ebdhniet nd\u00ebrsektare. Arabia Saudite dhe shtetet e Gjirit e p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebn regjimin bathist t\u00eb liderit sunit t\u00eb Irakut, Sadam Huseinit. Arabia Saudite i ndihmoi Sadamit me 25 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb amerikan\u00eb. Situata u r\u00ebndua kur m\u00eb 1987-1988, gjat\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebs \u201cluft\u00eb e tanker\u00ebve\u201d, Flota Detare dhe Ajrore iraniane sulmoi caqet detare saudite e kuvajtiane n\u00eb portet e Gjirit Persik. N\u00eb Mek\u00eb, gjat\u00eb haxhit t\u00eb vitit 1987, pelegrin\u00ebt iranian\u00eb u p\u00ebrlesh\u00ebn me forcat saudite t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, ku mbet\u00ebn t\u00eb vrar\u00eb rreth 400 persona. Si pasoj\u00eb, n\u00eb Tehran shp\u00ebrthyen demostrata popullore antisaudite dhe u sulmua Ambasada Saudite, me \u00e7\u2019rast vdi\u00e7 nj\u00eb diplomat saudit. Si reagim, m\u00eb 1988 Arabia Saudite nd\u00ebrpreu marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet diplomatike me Iranin dhe i ndaloi vizat e haxhill\u00ebkut p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt iranian\u00eb. Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet dhe regjimi i vizave u rregulluan m\u00eb 1991, gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Kuvajtit, kur edhe Arabia Saudite, sikurse Irani, d\u00ebnoi invadimin e Kuvajtit prej Irakut t\u00eb Sadamit. N\u00eb prill 1991, ministri i jasht\u00ebm iranian, Ali Akbar Velajeti vizitoi Iranin.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vijim, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dy vendeve mbet\u00ebn stabile, ndon\u00ebse m\u00eb 1993, p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrthimin me bomb\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00ebn ushtarake amerikane n\u00eb Dahran t\u00eb Arabis\u00eb Saudite u faj\u00ebsua Irani. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, m\u00eb 1997, princi i kuror\u00ebs dhe mbreti i pastajm\u00eb saudit, Abdullahu vizitoi Tehranin gjat\u00eb takimit t\u00eb OKI-s\u00eb, kurse m\u00eb 1998, presidenti iranian, Muhamet Katami e vizitoi Riadin. Mbreti saudit Fahd nxiti vendet e tjera t\u00eb Gjirit q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsonin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Iranin.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dy vendeve, goditjen m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb e kan\u00eb marr\u00eb\u00a0vis-\u00e0-vis\u00a0vendeve t\u00eb treta ku p\u00ebrthehen interesat e Iranit dhe t\u00eb Arabis\u00eb Saudite. K\u00ebsisoj, p\u00ebrkrahja q\u00eb Irani i ka b\u00ebr\u00eb Hamasit n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb, Hezbollahut n\u00eb Liban, shiit\u00ebve n\u00eb Bahrejn e presidentit alevit Bashar al-Asad n\u00eb Siri, ka prekur direkt interesat gjeostrategjike dhe hegjemonin\u00eb sektare t\u00eb saudit\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Krejt koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit, Arabia Saudite po pretendon se Irani q\u00ebndron prapa rebel\u00ebve \u201cAnsarAllah\u201d (n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim: \u201cP\u00ebrkrah\u00ebs t\u00eb Zotit\u201d) n\u00eb Jemen, t\u00eb njohur si Huthi, e q\u00eb jan\u00eb shiit\u00eb zaidi dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb ngritur kund\u00ebr presidentit t\u00eb zgjedhur sunit Abdul Rabuh Mansur Hadi. M\u00eb 25 mars, Arabia Saudite \u2013 n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me aleat\u00ebt e vegj\u00ebl\/petromonarkit\u00eb e \u201cK\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Gjirit p\u00ebr Bashk\u00ebpunim\u201d (Bahrejni, Kuvajti, Katari, E.B.A-ja) dhe me Sudanin, Marokon, Egjiptin e Jordain\u00eb, e p\u00ebrkrahur edhe nga ShBA, Pakistani e Somalia \u2013 nis\u00ebn sulmet ajrore ndaj rebel\u00ebve huthi, n\u00eb operacionin e koduar \u201cStuhia vendimtare\u201d.<\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes dy vendeve tensionohen edhe n\u00eb trajtimin e minoriteteve reciproke. P.sh., n\u00eb Tehranin e 1 milion\u00eb sunit\u00ebve (kryesisht t\u00eb etnis\u00eb kurde) ka kisha e sinagoga, por nuk ka as edhe nj\u00eb xhami t\u00eb vetme sunite. Presidenti reformator Hatami pati premtuar nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb t\u00eb tille, por m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb deklaronte se ky premtim i tij ishte prolonguar dhe pamund\u00ebsuar nga nd\u00ebrhyrja e liderit suprem, ajatollahut Ali Hamenej. Hi\u00e7 m\u00eb mir\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb situata as e shiit\u00ebve n\u00eb Arabi Saudite. P.sh., n\u00eb qytetet kryesore shiite n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb Arabis\u00eb Saudite, e q\u00eb p\u00ebr ironi shtrihen mu n\u00eb zonat m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura me naft\u00eb, shiit\u00ebve iu ndalohet nd\u00ebrtimi i xhamive t\u00eb tyre dhe lutjet e s\u00eb premtes detyrohen t\u2019i ndjekin n\u00eb xhamit\u00eb sunite. Madje m\u00eb 1988, nj\u00eb nga klerik\u00ebt kryesor sunit, Abdylaziz ibn-Bazi, l\u00ebshi nj\u00eb fatva ku shiizmin \u2013 ndon\u00ebse 1 n\u00eb 5 apo 6 saudit\u00eb jan\u00eb shiit \u2013 e cil\u00ebsonte si apostazi apo\u00a0irtidad. N\u00eb t\u00eb dy vendet, minoritetet fetare \u2013 shiit\u00ebt n\u00eb Arabi e sunit\u00ebt n\u00eb Iran \u2013 p\u00ebrballen vazhdimisht me reprezalje nga ana e autoriteteve shtet\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Njashtu, edhe n\u00eb deklaratat reciproke kontroverze asnj\u00ebra pal\u00eb nuk i l\u00ebshon radh\u00eb tjetr\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrdorur gjuh\u00eb denigruese ndaj nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb prillit, p.sh., Lideri Suprem i Iranit, Ali Hamenej e akuzoi <\/a>Arabin\u00eb Saudite se po kryen gjenocid n\u00eb Jemen. E, paraardh\u00ebsi i tij, imam Homejni dikur e quante vazhdmisht Arabin\u00eb Saudite si \u201cdekadente\u201d, madje edhe kishte deklaruar, pasi nd\u00ebrpreu marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet <\/a>diplomatike me Arabin\u00eb Saudite, se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb Irani mund t\u00eb filloj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb mira diplomatike me ShBA-t\u00eb apo Irakun, por asnj\u00ebher\u00eb me saudit\u00ebt. Kurse, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, madje edhe m\u00eb ashp\u00ebr, kemi shembullin e qershorit 2010, kur e p\u00ebrditshmja franceze \u201cLe Figaro\u201d<\/a> raportonte se mbreti Abdullah i kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb ministrit francez t\u00eb mbrojtjes: \u201cJan\u00eb dy shtete n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb s\u2019e meritojn\u00eb t\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb. Ato jan\u00eb Irani dhe Izraeli.\u201d. E, sipas kabllogrameve t\u00eb \u201cWikileaks\u201d<\/a>, mbreti saudit i kishte k\u00ebrkuar ShBA-s\u00eb q\u00eb \u201cta shkelin gj\u00ebrp\u00ebrin n\u00eb kok\u00eb\u201d, duke iu referuar influenc\u00ebs n\u00eb rritje antiamerikane t\u00eb Iranit n\u00eb rajon . K\u00ebto tri a kat\u00ebr jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm shembuj ilustrues t\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuheje virulente, malicioze e urrejt\u00ebse \u2013 q\u00eb ishte dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2013 tipike mes dy shteteve.<\/p>\n

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Irani dhe Arabia Saudite (dhe Jemeni mes dy zjarreve) 1. Hyrje \u201cI v\u00ebllai le t\u00eb v\u00ebllan\u00eb, hidhet\u00eb m\u00eb tjet\u00ebr an\u00eb\u201d. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb dy vargje t\u00eb shkoqitura prej k\u00ebng\u00ebs V t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb njohur t\u00eb Naim Frash\u00ebrit, poem\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u201cQerbelaja\u201d, ku poeti bektashi shqiptar p\u00ebrshkruan ndarjen q\u00eb pasoi nga lufta mes dy kalif\u00ebve mysliman\u00eb, Aliut […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":411,"featured_media":9820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1717,1716,1718],"ppma_author":[768],"class_list":["post-4974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-arabia-saudite","tag-irani","tag-jemeni"],"authors":[{"term_id":768,"user_id":411,"is_guest":0,"slug":"fitim-salihu","display_name":"Fitim Salihu","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Fitim-Salihu-e1701268592693.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Fitim-Salihu-e1701268592693.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Salihu","first_name":"Fitim","description":"Fitim Salihu \u00ebsht\u00eb politolog dhe merret kryesisht me studime kulturore e me studime t\u00eb Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, me theks t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr Lindjen e Mesme, ShBA-n\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00ebn Latine. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ka punuar si redaktor i kultur\u00ebs n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn \"Z\u00ebri\", shkruan si kolumnist p\u00ebr gazet\u00ebn kroate \"Bilten\" dhe punon si hulumtues shkencor p\u00ebr disa institute vendore e t\u00eb jashtme."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/411"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4974"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10618,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4974\/revisions\/10618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4974"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}