{"id":5068,"date":"2016-06-02T15:25:44","date_gmt":"2016-06-02T13:25:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5068"},"modified":"2024-12-24T15:35:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T13:35:01","slug":"liberalet-ne-barrikada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/liberalet-ne-barrikada\/","title":{"rendered":"Liberal\u00ebt n\u00eb barrikada"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nga Austria, Franca dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara e deri n\u00eb Poloni, Filipine dhe Peru, populist\u00ebt joliberal\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb ngritje e sip\u00ebr. Disa faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb globalizimin e pakontrolluar; t\u00eb tjer\u00eb faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb pabarazin\u00eb e t\u00eb ardhurave; t\u00eb tjer\u00eb akoma faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb elitat e pakapshme t\u00eb cilave thjesht nuk e kuptojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Shpjegime t\u00eb tilla \u2013 sado t\u00eb prekshme q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb \u2013 nuk ia q\u00ebllojn\u00eb poent\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb politik, jo vet\u00ebm ekonomik. Demokracia liberale \u00ebsht\u00eb arritja m\u00eb e madhe politike e njer\u00ebzimit. Megjithat\u00eb, demokrat\u00ebt liberal\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn ngurrojn\u00eb t\u00eb dalin hapur me argumente p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Prandaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb ata jan\u00eb duke e humbur betej\u00ebn p\u00ebr zemrat dhe mendjet e qytetar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb larg nga t\u00eb qenit i ri. N\u00eb fakt, ai q\u00ebndron n\u00eb vet\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e liberalizmit. Sy\u00e7el\u00eb ndaj censur\u00ebs apo shtypjes, mendimtar\u00ebt liberal\u00eb shum\u00eb shpesh kan\u00eb treguar neutralitet morale: ata nuk avokojn\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuar vlerash, apo nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn jet\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri liberale \u2013 pothuajse me p\u00ebrkufizim \u2013 u mund\u00ebson qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo jete q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb, p\u00ebr aq koh\u00eb sa pal\u00ebt e treta nuk p\u00ebsojn\u00eb asgj\u00eb t\u00eb keqe.<\/p>\n

Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se politika kudo \u00ebsht\u00eb aristoteliane: ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me virtytin. Amerikan\u00ebt kan\u00eb arsye q\u00eb i referohen presidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre si nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb tribune. Kur politikan\u00ebt avokojn\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb vlerash \u2013 ose virtytesh \u2013 votuesit d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngatht\u00eb, sikur kishte ndodhur kur John Kerry kishte pranuara nominimin e Partis\u00eb Demokrate, n\u00eb vitin 2004, me nj\u00eb\u00a0fjalim\u00a0ku fjala \u2018vler\u00eb\u2019 ose \u2018vlera\u2019 p\u00ebrs\u00ebritej 32 her\u00eb. Por ai gjithashtu mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb autoriteti madh\u00ebshtor, sikur kishte ndodhur kur Robert F. Kennedy Jr. kishteqortuar amerikan\u00ebt\u00a0se kishin hequr dor\u00eb nga \u201cp\u00ebrsosm\u00ebria personale dhe vlerat e komunitetit duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb thjesht pas akumulimit t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave materiale.\u201d PBB, kishte shtuar ai n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paharrueshme, \u201cmat gjith\u00e7ka (…), p\u00ebrve\u00e7 asaj q\u00eb e b\u00ebn jet\u00ebn t\u00eb vlefshme.\u201d<\/p>\n

Filozof\u00ebt, nga John Stuart Mill te John Rawls te Martha Nussbaum, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga vorbulla plot dilema e liberalizmit. Do t\u00eb ishte diskriminuese dhe joliberale t\u00eb promovosh, e aq m\u00eb pak t\u00eb imponosh, vlerat e nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, qoft\u00eb ai fetar apo tjet\u00ebr. Por, qeverit\u00eb dhe lider\u00ebt politik\u00eb mund dhe duhet t\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb vlerat e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta \u2013 at\u00eb q\u00eb Ra\u00ebls\u00a0e ka quajtur\u00a0\u201ckonsensus t\u00eb mbivendosur\u201d \u2013 q\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri liberale. Duke p\u00ebrkujtuar dit\u00eblindjen e Martin Luther King Jr, p\u00ebr shembull, ShBA n\u00ebnvizon dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb i rithekson p\u00ebrkushtimin e saj ndaj idealit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb barazis\u00eb racore.<\/p>\n

Ishte vet\u00eb Kingu ai q\u00eb ndoshta kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb shembullin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb pasionit me t\u00eb cilin idealet e tilla mund (dhe duhet) t\u00eb mbrohen. Ka shum\u00eb pak si ai. Populist\u00ebt si Donald Trump dhe udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsja e Frontit Nacional t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs, Marine Le Pen, kan\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar pasionin n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb nj\u00eb politike t\u00eb frik\u00ebs dhe urrejtjes. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, demokrat\u00ebt liberal\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb produkte t\u00eb iluminizmit, avokojn\u00eb idealet e tyre politike \u2013 t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb arsyen njer\u00ebzore mbi emocionet bazike \u2013 me nj\u00eb ton q\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb miri u p\u00ebrshtatet tubimeve t\u00eb vogla e t\u00eb buta.<\/p>\n

Ky p\u00ebrb\u00ebn problem serioz. \u201cT\u2019ua jap\u00ebsh hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e form\u00ebsimit t\u00eb emocioneve forcave anti-liberale\u201d,\u00a0shkruan Nussbaum, \u201cu jep atyre nj\u00eb avantazh t\u00eb madh n\u00eb zemrat e njer\u00ebzve dhe rrezikon t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb p\u00ebr vlerat liberale si di\u00e7ka t\u00eb vak\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb m\u00ebrzitshme.\u201d<\/p>\n

Arsyeja dhe emocioni, si\u00e7\u00a0na tregojn\u00eb\u00a0studiues t\u00eb sistemit nervor si Steven Pinker, jan\u00eb dy an\u00ebt e s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs medaljeje mendore. Po k\u00ebshtu, linguisti kognitiv George Lakoff, duke u bazuar n\u00eb studimet e psikologut Drew Westen,\u00a0ka arritur n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin\u00a0se \u201cemocioni \u00ebsht\u00eb si qendror ashtu edhe legjitim n\u00eb t\u00eb bindurit politik. P\u00ebrdorimi i tij nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb lloj apeli t\u00eb paligjsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr munges\u00eb arsyeje, si\u00e7 do t\u00eb pretendonte mendimi iluminist. Emocionet e duhura jan\u00eb racionale.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kingu e kishte kuptuar k\u00ebt\u00eb fare mir\u00eb kur kishte shpallur \u2018\u00ebndrr\u00ebn\u2019\u00a0e tij p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tij \u201cnuk do t\u00eb gjykoheshin sipas ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs, por sipas p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb karakterit t\u00eb tyre.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme, Presidenti amerikan Barack Obama \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs liberal demokratik i cili flet gjuh\u00ebn e vlerave dhe virtytit. Obama shpesh kritikohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb i ftoht\u00eb dhe i p\u00ebrmbajtur, por megjithat\u00eb nuk ka asnj\u00eb si ai n\u00eb promovimin e kapacitetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb paqe dhe respekt t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb si virtyti m\u00eb i admiruesh\u00ebm liberal\u00eb nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u201cSecili prej nesh ka besime t\u00eb thella\u201d, kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb ai n\u00eb\u00a0fjalimin e fitores\u00a0s\u00eb tij n\u00eb vitin 2012. \u201cDhe kur kalojm\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr koh\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira, kur marrim vendime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha si nj\u00eb vend, kjo domosdo nxit pasione, nxit polemika\u201d, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ai e ka quajtur \u201cshenj\u00eb t\u00eb liris\u00eb son\u00eb.\u201d E megjithat\u00eb, \u201cp\u00ebrkund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha dallimeve tona, shumica prej nesh i kemi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta shpresa t\u00eb caktuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e Amerik\u00ebs… Ne besojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb Amerik\u00eb bujare, n\u00eb nj\u00eb Amerik\u00eb q\u00eb kujdeset, n\u00eb nj\u00eb Amerik\u00eb tolerante t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr \u00ebndrrat e nj\u00eb bije emigranti q\u00eb studion n\u00eb shkollat tona dhe zotohet para flamurit ton\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kjo fjali e fundit tregon se Obama \u00ebsht\u00eb i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sfid\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn demokracit\u00eb liberale duhet ta tejkalojn\u00eb: t\u00eb form\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ne t\u00eb besueshme. Edhe k\u00ebtu, shembulli i populist\u00ebve tregon shum\u00eb. Populist\u00ebt e krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb si Trump p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e identitetit. Populist\u00ebt e krahut t\u00eb majt\u00eb si Bernie Sanders angazhohen n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e t\u00eb ardhurave. Qofshin ata eksportuesit kinez\u00eb, emigrant\u00ebt meksikan\u00eb, terrorist\u00ebt e supozuar islamik\u00eb, ose bankier\u00ebt lakmitar\u00eb t\u00eb \u00cball Streetit, \u201cekziston\u201d, si\u00e7 ka\u00a0theksuar koh\u00ebt e fundit\u00a0Dani Rodrik i Harvardit, \u201cnj\u00eb \u2018tjet\u00ebr\u2019 i qart\u00eb kundrejt t\u00eb cilit mund t\u00eb drejtohet zem\u00ebrimi\u201d<\/p>\n

Demokrat\u00ebt liberal\u00eb duhet ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb se nuk na shpie askund duke faj\u00ebsuar t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, dhe se marrja p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr e p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Natyrisht, reformat ekonomike dhe politike q\u00eb zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb pabarazin\u00eb e t\u00eb ardhurave dhe t\u00eb pushtetit jan\u00eb t\u00eb domosdoshme, si p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb vet atyre ashtu edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb thirrjen n\u00eb sakrific\u00ebn e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb besueshme. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq e domosdoshme bindja morale, i shprehur me pasion, se \u201ce bija e emigrantit q\u00eb studion n\u00eb shkollat ??tona\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00ebtare e p\u00ebrnj\u00ebmendt\u00eb, me t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb plota, e k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebte t\u00eb quajtur ne.<\/p>\n

Asnj\u00eb organizat\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore dhe politike n\u00eb historin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore nuk i \u00ebsht\u00eb afruar sa demokracia liberale realizimit t\u00eb idealit t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb barabarta p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Akoma nuk e kemi arritur. Por kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, dhe duke iu p\u00ebrmbajtur vlerave liberal-demokratike do t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb akoma m\u00eb af\u00ebr k\u00ebtij ideali. Asnj\u00eb xhihadist apo fanatik, asnj\u00eb Trump apo Le Pen, asnj\u00eb Chavez, Maduro, apo Putin, nuk duhet t\u00eb lejohet ta shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr t\u00eb mundshme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Austria, Franca dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara e deri n\u00eb Poloni, Filipine dhe Peru, populist\u00ebt joliberal\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb ngritje e sip\u00ebr. Disa faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb globalizimin e pakontrolluar; t\u00eb tjer\u00eb faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb pabarazin\u00eb e t\u00eb ardhurave; t\u00eb tjer\u00eb akoma faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb elitat e pakapshme t\u00eb cilave thjesht nuk e kuptojn\u00eb. Shpjegime t\u00eb tilla \u2013 sado t\u00eb prekshme q\u00eb t\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":564,"featured_media":11633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1308,1000,999],"ppma_author":[2192],"class_list":["post-5068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-demokraci","tag-politike-e-jashtme","tag-shba"],"authors":[{"term_id":2192,"user_id":564,"is_guest":0,"slug":"andres-velasco","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Velasco","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/andres_velasco.webp","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/andres_velasco.webp"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Velasco","first_name":"Andr\u00e9s","description":"Andr\u00e9s Velasco \u00ebsht\u00eb ish-minist\u00ebr financash i Kilit, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb Dekan i Shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb Politikave Publike n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e Ekonomis\u00eb dhe Shkencave Politike n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/564"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5068"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11634,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5068\/revisions\/11634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5068"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}