{"id":5083,"date":"2016-03-04T16:56:01","date_gmt":"2016-03-04T14:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5083"},"modified":"2024-12-09T16:59:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T14:59:05","slug":"sachs-kurthet-dhe-politika-industriale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/sachs-kurthet-dhe-politika-industriale\/","title":{"rendered":"Sachs, kurthet dhe politika industriale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"news-up\">N\u00eb diagnostikimin se pse vendet e varfra kan\u00eb stagnuar n\u00eb rritjen ekonomike dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb varfra, ekonomisti i Universitetit te Columbias Jeffrey Sachs mendon se arsyeja kryesore q\u00ebndron tek kurthi i varf\u00ebris\u00eb. Shkurtimisht, kurthi i varf\u00ebris\u00eb funksion k\u00ebsisoj: p\u00ebr t\u2019u zhvilluar ekonomikisht duhet investim. P\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar investimet, vendet duhet t\u00eb kursejn\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo vendet e varfra jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb varfra p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer mjaftuesh\u00ebm, pasi q\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat e tyre mezi mjaftojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb nevojat e tyre bazike. Meq\u00eb kursimet jan\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, at\u00ebher\u00eb edhe investimet jan\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb investimeve, ka munges\u00eb t\u00eb rritjes ekonomike. Kur nuk ka rritje ekonomike, nuk rriten as t\u00eb ardhurat. Nd\u00ebrsa kur nuk rriten t\u00eb ardhurat, nuk mund t\u00eb rriten as kursimet q\u00eb t\u00eb financojn\u00eb investimet. K\u00ebshtu, vendet e varfra jan\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebrthyera n\u00eb nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl vicioz t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb tejkaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb rreth vicioz, n\u00eb librin \u2018The End of Poverty\u2019 ai sugjeron q\u00eb vendet e pasura duhet t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb tyre dhe k\u00ebto t\u00eb ardhura t\u2019ia japin n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs vendeve t\u00eb varfra. Me pak ndihm\u00eb, sipas Sachs, t\u00eb ardhurat e vendeve t\u00eb varfra mund t\u00eb rriten aq shum\u00eb saq\u00eb ata t\u00eb jen\u00eb vet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb rrisin kursimet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebfinancojn\u00eb investimet e tyre. Momentin kur fillojn\u00eb investimet, fillon edhe rritja ekonomike dhe k\u00ebshtu vendet fillojn\u00eb ciklin e zhvillimit.<\/p>\n<div class=\"news-down\">\n<div class=\"news-left\">\n<p>Ideja e kurthit t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb diskutuar mjaft n\u00eb \u00e7arqet akademike. Jo shum\u00eb prej ekonomist\u00ebve pajtohen me k\u00ebt\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ende prezente n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs \u2013 n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, shum\u00eb prej tyre mendojn\u00eb q\u00eb kjo ide \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbivler\u00ebsuar. Tek e fundit edhe vendet europiane ishin t\u00eb varfra n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs, dhe sipas k\u00ebsaj teorie k\u00ebto vende do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb mb\u00ebrthyera n\u00eb kurthin e varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishin ende n\u00eb varf\u00ebri. Sigurisht, konteksti i mesjet\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm prej kontekstit modern dhe nj\u00eb argument i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohet i ngutsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/~\/media\/Projects\/BPEA\/Spring-2004\/2004a_bpea_sachs.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> n\u00eb nj\u00eb punim akademik<\/a>, Sachs dhe nj\u00eb grup tjet\u00ebr ekspert\u00ebsh nga UN Millenium Project shpjegojn\u00eb n\u00eb detaje edhe nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kurthit: kurthi i kufirit minimal t\u00eb stokut t\u00eb kapitalit. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb q\u00eb supozohet shum\u00eb shpesh n\u00eb ekonomi dhe pothuajse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr ligjet m\u00eb t\u00eb famshme t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pak\u00ebsimi i kthimeve margjinale (diminishing marginal returns). N\u00eb rastin e kapitalit, kur shton nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb kapitalit ajo nj\u00ebsi do t\u00eb ket\u00eb kthime m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla sesa nj\u00ebsia paraprake. K\u00ebsisoj, ashtu si\u00e7 kishte argumentuar edhe ekonomisti japonez Ken-Ichi Inada, sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr zeros q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb stoku i kapitalit, kthimi margjinal i kapitalit shkon drejt infinitit; nd\u00ebrsa sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr infinitit t\u00eb jet\u00eb stoku i kapitalit, kthimi margjinal i kapitalit shkon drejt zeros. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ky supozim q\u00eb Sachs dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e relaksojn\u00eb kur argumentojn\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr kurthin e kufirit minimal t\u00eb stokut t\u00eb kapitalit. Sipas tyre, duhet t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb stok minimum i kapitalit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ky supozim t\u00eb jet\u00eb korrekt. Me fjal\u00eb tjera, n\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend nuk ka energji elektrike, badihava investon n\u00eb blerje t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve kur ata kompjuter\u00eb nuk mundesh me i dhez\u00eb. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb vet Sachs dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt pohuan se: \u201cProdhimi n\u00eb fabrik\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb themelore t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike, rrug\u00ebve, dhe nj\u00eb port funksional, si dhe nj\u00eb fuqi pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb shkolluar. Kur k\u00ebto kushte themelore nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme, shtimet inkrementale t\u00eb kapitalit mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb pak efekt.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb argument \u2013 t\u00eb cilin nuk e kam hasur pothuajse asnj\u00ebher\u00eb pas k\u00ebtij punimi akademik, bile as te vet\u00eb Sachs \u2013 q\u00eb dua t\u00eb fokusohem dhe t\u00eb ri-interpretoj k\u00ebt\u00eb argument n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb vet\u00eb Sachs, duke u bazuar n\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e tij, me siguri qe do ta kund\u00ebrshtonte. N\u00ebse e pranojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb argument t\u00eb Sachs p\u00ebr kufirit minimal t\u00eb stokut t\u00eb kapitalit, at\u00ebher\u00eb e pranojm\u00eb q\u00eb tregu i lir\u00eb d\u00ebshton kur vjen puna tek zhvillimi ekonomik i vendeve t\u00eb varfra. Tregu i lir\u00eb d\u00ebshton gjithashtu n\u00eb rastin e kurthit t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb, por tek kurthi i varf\u00ebris\u00eb supozimi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka kapital t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm, gj\u00eb e cila mund t\u00eb zgjidhet p\u00ebrmes ndihm\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, p\u00ebrmes liberalizimit t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb kapitalit apo ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyre tjet\u00ebr heterodokse. Por n\u00eb rastin e kurthit t\u00eb stokut minimal t\u00eb kapitalit, zgjidhja k\u00ebrkon veprim kolektiv apo me fjal\u00eb tjera intervenim shtet\u00ebror.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb ilustruar se si d\u00ebshton tregu i lir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, le ta marrim shembull Kosov\u00ebn. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb investitor d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb investoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb p\u00ebr prodhimin e motor\u00ebve t\u00eb autoveturave. Kosova sigurisht nuk ka eksperienc\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, rrjedhimisht mungon fuqia pun\u00ebtore specifike p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor. Kemi disa inxhinier\u00eb dhe njer\u00ebz me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb n\u00eb fusha\u00a0t\u00eb ngjashme (kryesisht metal p\u00ebrpunuese) por p\u00ebr aktivizimin e tyre n\u00eb prodhim, duhet edhe shum\u00eb trajnim. Mbi t\u00eb gjitha, ka munges\u00eb t\u00eb eksperienc\u00ebs n\u00eb aspektin menaxherial. P\u00ebr hir t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb argumentit po supozojm\u00eb q\u00eb kemi energji stabile elektrike, treg t\u00eb mir\u00eb financiar, ambient t\u00eb sigurt i t\u00eb b\u00ebrit biznes, etj. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb, investitori (vendor apo i huaj) e ka mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb investoj\u00eb, por kthimet n\u00eb investim do t\u00eb jen\u00eb ose negative ose do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb pres\u00eb shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar t\u00eb ket\u00eb kthime. Kjo p\u00ebr shkak se p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar procesin e prodhimit, duhet fillimisht t\u00eb trajnohen personeli, gj\u00eb e cila merr koh\u00eb dhe resurse dhe duhet p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb e pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebr investitorin, m\u00eb e leverdishme do t\u00eb ishte t\u00eb investonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend ku ekziston vet\u00ebm fuqia e kualifikuar pun\u00ebtore, ku p\u00ebr fillimin e procesit t\u00eb prodhimit duhet ose aspak investim n\u00eb personel ose shum\u00eb pak n\u00eb krahasim me Kosov\u00ebn.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebtu hyn n\u00eb loj\u00eb intervenimi shtet\u00ebror. Shteti do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb investonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb fuqi pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb kualifikuar, pra do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb investonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb shkollim. Por shkollimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e t\u00ebra. Shteti do t\u00eb duhej q\u00eb p\u00ebrmes politikave t\u00eb veta industriale t\u00eb b\u00ebnte kthimin e investimit t\u00eb investitorit m\u00eb afatshkurt\u00ebr dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, me kushtin q\u00eb investitori t\u00eb investoj\u00eb n\u00eb fabrik\u00eb dhe t\u00eb hap\u00eb vende t\u00eb reja pune apo edhe t\u00eb bart\u00eb resurset nga fushat me produktivitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. E k\u00ebtu vijm\u00eb domosdo tek dilema se n\u00eb mes t\u00eb shum\u00eb sektor\u00ebve, cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb duhej q\u00eb shteti t\u2019i ndihmonte? P\u00ebrgjigjja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb. Por si rregull e p\u00ebrgjithshme, shteti do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb investonte n\u00eb sektor\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb relativisht shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz dhe k\u00ebto pun\u00ebsime t\u00eb jen\u00eb asi soji ku pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt fitojn\u00eb eksperienc\u00eb. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj rregulle t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, sektor\u00ebt q\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb bien nga konsiderata jan\u00eb sektori i agrikultur\u00ebs, minierave, dhe sektor\u00eb tjer\u00eb ku njer\u00ebzit punojn\u00eb n\u00eb linja prodhuese si t\u00eb ishin robot\u00eb. T\u00eb jemi t\u00eb qart\u00eb, pun\u00ebt robotike jan\u00eb prap\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira se mungesa e pun\u00ebs, apo puna n\u00eb agrikultur\u00eb ekzistenciale.<\/p>\n<p>Cila \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja q\u00eb q\u00ebndron prapa k\u00ebsaj rregulle t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme? Personalisht, ndaj mendimin e kampit t\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebve q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se zhvillimi ekonomik nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb proces q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes investimeve, por q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme t\u00eb ket\u00eb inovacion dhe q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb tronditje pozitive teknologjike. Por e v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb inovacionet nuk mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht randome dhe jasht\u00eb modelit ekonomik (exogjene), si\u00e7 jan\u00eb tek modeli i Solows. Nj\u00eb ekonomi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht e bazuar n\u00eb agrikultur\u00eb, nuk mund t\u00eb pret q\u00eb papritmas t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb industri t\u00eb mikro\u00e7ipave t\u00eb silikonit. Apo si\u00e7 e thot\u00eb shkurt e shqip populli i yn\u00eb \u201cdardha pik\u00eb n\u00ebn dardh\u00eb\u201d. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhur deri tek mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillojm\u00eb nj\u00eb industri shum\u00eb t\u00eb specializuar dhe t\u00eb zhvilluar, duhet q\u00eb t\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb industri t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb cilat pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb njer\u00ebz me aft\u00ebsi dhe eksperienc\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, q\u00eb momentin kur dikush d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb investoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb industri t\u00eb re t\u00eb ket\u00eb nga ku t\u2019i marr\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb investoj\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i aft\u00ebsoj\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb. Pra industrit\u00eb t\u00eb cilat akumulojn\u00eb eksperienc\u00eb njer\u00ebzore kan\u00eb eksternalitete pozitive, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb nuk i kontribuojn\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes vler\u00ebs s\u00eb shtuar por edhe p\u00ebrmes aft\u00ebsimit t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore p\u00ebr industri tjera t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb shtojn\u00eb edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb vler\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomi.<\/p>\n<p>E \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb k\u00ebto politika industriale? P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb nuk e kam nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje q\u00eb mund ta nxjerr nga xhepi i prapm\u00eb. K\u00ebtu hyn n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb konteksti lokal i nj\u00eb vendi dhe kreativiteti politikb\u00ebr\u00ebs. Vende t\u00eb ndryshme kan\u00eb aplikuar metoda t\u00eb ndryshme. Vendet e Azis\u00eb lindore p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur metoda p\u00ebr promovimin e eksporteve, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb rezultuar shum\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr vendet e Amerik\u00ebs Jugore kan\u00eb aplikuar tarifa t\u00eb larta n\u00eb importe, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb prodhuesit vendor\u00eb nga konkurrenca e jashtme \u2013 metod\u00eb kjo e cila nuk ka funksionuar shum\u00eb mir\u00eb, e n\u00eb vende t\u00eb vogla si Kosova do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb tmerr i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Disa vende t\u00eb tjera kan\u00eb zhvler\u00ebsuar monedh\u00ebn e tyre, gj\u00eb e cila i ka b\u00ebr\u00eb eksportet m\u00eb t\u00eb lira \u2013 gj\u00eb e cila nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb monedh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Por ajo \u00e7far\u00eb i tmerron shum\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebt, edhe me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, jan\u00eb d\u00ebshtimet e politikave industriale, ku k\u00ebto politika jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk ndihmojn\u00eb por e b\u00ebjn\u00eb situat\u00ebn edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk i b\u00ebn m\u00eb pak t\u00eb nevojshme politikat industriale. \u00c7far\u00eb duhet \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto politika t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb karakteristikat e nj\u00eb vendi \u2013 ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi q\u00eb b\u00ebhet kuvendi.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr fund, disa prej jush mund t\u00eb thoni se a \u00ebsht\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Kosova aq e varf\u00ebr sa t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mb\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb kurthin e kufirit minimal t\u00eb stokut t\u00eb kapitalit. N\u00ebse Kosova nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mb\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kurth, at\u00ebher\u00eb i gjith\u00eb ky diskutim \u00ebsht\u00eb jorelevant. Kosova definitivisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mb\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb kurthin e varf\u00ebris\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb jemi aq t\u00eb pasur sa t\u00eb kemi relativisht mjaftuesh\u00ebm kursime p\u00ebr investime, edhe pse k\u00ebto kursime sigurisht do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta. Por, besoj fuqish\u00ebm q\u00eb Kosova secil\u00ebn her\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb po futet n\u00eb kurthin e kufirit minimal t\u00eb stokut t\u00eb kapitalit, p\u00ebr faktin se prej pasluft\u00ebs struktura ekonomike e Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u deindustrializuar (n\u00eb kuptimin e regresit, e jo deindustrializimit n\u00eb kuptimin e transformimit t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb nga industria n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime) deri n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e pothuajse shuarjes s\u00eb industris\u00eb. \u00a0Ajo pak industri \u00ebsht\u00eb e dob\u00ebt dhe jokompetitive, nd\u00ebrsa rritja ekonomike e Kosov\u00ebs prej pasluft\u00ebs ka ardhur pothuajse plot\u00ebsisht nga sektori publik, ndihma nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, investimet n\u00eb sektorin e nd\u00ebrtimtaris\u00eb, dhe nga remitencat. Asnjeri nga k\u00ebto sektor\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm dhe aq m\u00eb pak nuk prodhojn\u00eb eksternalitete pozitive p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat u fol m\u00eb lart. E n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb kalon koha, aq m\u00eb e madhe po b\u00ebhet nevoja p\u00ebr politika m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha industriale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb diagnostikimin se pse vendet e varfra kan\u00eb stagnuar n\u00eb rritjen ekonomike dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb varfra, ekonomisti i Universitetit te Columbias Jeffrey Sachs mendon se arsyeja kryesore q\u00ebndron tek kurthi i varf\u00ebris\u00eb. Shkurtimisht, kurthi i varf\u00ebris\u00eb funksion k\u00ebsisoj: p\u00ebr t\u2019u zhvilluar ekonomikisht duhet investim. P\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar investimet, vendet duhet t\u00eb kursejn\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":259,"featured_media":10815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1006,998],"ppma_author":[1983],"class_list":["post-5083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomi","tag-politike"],"authors":[{"term_id":1983,"user_id":259,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dren-pozhegu","display_name":"Dren Pozhegu","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/drenp.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/drenp.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Pozhegu","first_name":"Dren","description":"Dren Pozhegu \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnkryetari i partis\u00eb DT Global."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/259"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5083"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10817,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5083\/revisions\/10817"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5083"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}