{"id":5324,"date":"2020-03-01T13:49:23","date_gmt":"2020-03-01T11:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5324"},"modified":"2024-10-17T13:52:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T11:52:12","slug":"ekonomiks-i-mire-per-dite-te-veshtira","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/ekonomiks-i-mire-per-dite-te-veshtira\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomiks i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr dit\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Shkencat natyrore kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb leht\u00ebsimin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb nderohen shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt q\u00eb zbuluan dije t\u00eb re, u themelua \u00e7mimi prestigjioz Nobel, i cili zakonisht ndahet n\u00eb baza vjetore. N\u00eb vitin 1968, familjes s\u00eb \u00e7mimeve nobel iu shtua edhe ai p\u00ebr kontributin n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore, ekonomi. N\u00eb fillim, reagimet kund\u00ebr nuk ishin t\u00eb pakta, pasi q\u00eb shum\u00eb mendje t\u00eb ndritura vun\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj shkence q\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb di t\u00eb jet\u00eb kontroverse. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00c7mimi Nobel p\u00ebr Ekonomi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2018real\u2019 pasi q\u00eb ndryshe nga shkencat e tjera, sponsorizohet nga Banka Qendrore e Suedis\u00eb. N\u00eb mesin e kampit q\u00eb argumentonte kund\u00ebr Nobelit p\u00ebr Ekonomi ishte edhe familja e Alfred Nobelit, n\u00eb nderim t\u00eb cilit iu vu emri k\u00ebtij \u00e7mimi. Argumentet kryesore hidhnin dyshime lidhur me kontributin e shkenc\u00ebs n\u00eb fjal\u00eb n\u00eb leht\u00ebsimin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb vitin 1997, \u00c7mimi Nobel p\u00ebr Ekonomi iu nda Myron S. Scholes dhe Robert C. Merton, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kishin propozuar nj\u00eb model p\u00ebr vler\u00ebsimin e derivateve financiare. Ky model, sipas profesorit t\u00eb Oxfordit Ha-Joon Chang, nuk u provua kurr\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e observuara. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb, k\u00ebta nobelist\u00eb u shp\u00ebrblyen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb model abstrakt, i cili nuk prodhoi ndonj\u00eb dije t\u00eb shtuar p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb rralla rastet kur fituesit e \u00c7mimit Nobel p\u00ebr Ekonomi kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb madh. T\u00eb till\u00eb jan\u00eb edhe profesor\u00ebt e nderuar, fitues t\u00eb Noblit p\u00ebr Ekonomi n\u00eb vitin 2019, Michael Kremer, Esther Duflo dhe Abhijit Banerjee. T\u00eb njohur edhe si eksperimentalist\u00eb, k\u00ebta shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr varf\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende n\u00eb zhvillim. P\u00ebrmes metodave t\u00eb avancuara ekonometrike, k\u00ebta tre ekonomist\u00eb kan\u00eb kontribuar n\u00eb ridizajnimin e politikave q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, jan\u00eb shembulli m\u00eb i mir\u00eb si ekonomist\u00ebt u ndihmojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb largohen nga \u2018kurthi i varf\u00ebris\u00eb.\u2019<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundi, Esther Duflo dhe Abhijit Banerjee \u2013 t\u00eb dy profesor\u00eb n\u00eb universitetin prestigjioz MIT dhe \u00e7ift n\u00eb jet\u00ebn private \u2013 kan\u00eb publikuar librin e ri t\u00eb titulluar \u201cEkonomiks i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr dit\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira.\u201d N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr, autor\u00ebt shtjellojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha temat e \u2018ngrohta\u2019 n\u00eb ekonomi, nga tregtia tek rritja ekonomike, nga pabarazia tek politikat sociale, dhe nga edukimi e emigrimi tek inovacionet.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb grua merr vesh nga doktori q\u00eb i ka mbetur vet\u00ebm gjysm\u00eb viti jet\u00eb. Doktori i sugjeron t\u00eb martohet me nj\u00eb ekonomist dhe t\u00eb zhvendoset n\u00eb Dakotan Jugore (shtet n\u00eb ShBA ku njer\u00ebzit nuk kan\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb emigrojn\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Gruaja: \u201cA do ta kuroj\u00eb kjo s\u00ebmundjen time?\u201d<\/p>\n

Doktori: \u201cJo, por gjysm\u00eb viti do t\u00eb duket nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb goxha e gjat\u00eb e jet\u00ebs.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nobelist\u00ebt e fillojn\u00eb librin me k\u00ebt\u00eb barsolet\u00eb, e cila fatkeq\u00ebsisht ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta. Anketat e ndryshme tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebt, s\u00eb bashku me politikan\u00ebt, mbesin profesionet q\u00eb g\u00ebzojn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb paku besim tek populli amerikan. Ngjash\u00ebm besoj t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Pse njer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb kaq pak besim tek ekonomist\u00ebt? Nobelist\u00ebt n\u00eb lib\u00ebr sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebt n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi merren shum\u00eb me diskutime abstrakte, saq\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb harrojn\u00eb kur p\u00ebrfundon shkenca dhe fillon ideologjia. Me fjal\u00eb tjera, ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb model ekonometrik q\u00eb t\u2019i v\u00ebrtetojn\u00eb bindjet e veta. Pavar\u00ebsisht sa matematik\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuar mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin ekonomist\u00ebt, \u00e7do her\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kemi rezerva pasi q\u00eb shkenca n\u00eb fjal\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ekzakte. Pra, \u00e7dokush mund t\u00eb gaboj\u00eb. Ajo \u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrezikshme \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb \u2018mos b\u00ebni gabime.\u2019 K\u00ebshtu, pretendimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn absolute nuk iu lejon q\u00eb t\u2019i shihni faktet, edhe pse mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb qarta.<\/p>\n

Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, lidhja shkak-pasoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb kohore mund t\u00eb mos ekzistoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, \u00ebsht\u00eb e pakuptimt\u00eb kok\u00ebfort\u00ebsia n\u00eb nj\u00eb konsistenc\u00eb politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebse afatgjate.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, partit\u00eb e t\u00eb djatht\u00ebs ekstreme jan\u00eb goxha t\u00eb z\u00ebshme, pasi ato din\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb \u2018miri\u2019 t\u2019i gjejn\u00eb fajtor\u00ebt p\u00ebr gjendjen e krijuar. Target i preferuar mbesin emigrant\u00ebt. Kur papun\u00ebsia rritet, fajet i kan\u00eb emigrant\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt po na marrin vendet e pun\u00ebs. Kur rritet krimi, fajet i kan\u00eb emigrant\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb paedukat\u00eb. Por, kur emigrant\u00ebt ndihmojn\u00eb vendin, le t\u00eb themi n\u00eb fitoren e Kup\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore n\u00eb futboll, ata nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb emigrant\u00eb. Ata jan\u00eb francez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Retorika e tepruar kund\u00ebr t\u00eb huajve ndikon n\u00eb opinionin publik, pasi q\u00eb krijohet p\u00ebrshtypja q\u00eb emigrant\u00ebt po e \u2018marrin\u2019 vendin. P\u00ebr shembull, t\u00eb huajt p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb 10 p\u00ebr qind e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb Italis\u00eb, por perceptimi publik tregon shumica e italian\u00ebve besojn\u00eb q\u00eb kjo shif\u00ebr shkon n\u00eb 26 p\u00ebr qind. T\u00eb anketuarit zakonisht nxjerrin n\u00eb pah p\u00ebrqindjen e madhe dhe n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb mysliman\u00ebve, q\u00eb shum\u00eb her\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr ta.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb vitit 1980, af\u00ebr 125 mij\u00eb kuban\u00eb emigruan n\u00eb Miami n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. N\u00eb vendin prit\u00ebs, z\u00ebrat kund\u00ebr tyre nuk ishin t\u00eb pakta. P\u00ebr t\u00eb matur efektin e tyre n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb amerikane, ekonomisti i famsh\u00ebm David Card, duke p\u00ebrdorur metod\u00ebn e njohur ekonometrike \u201cdiferenca n\u00eb diferenc\u00eb,\u201d konkludoi se pagat e banor\u00ebve vendas nuk u ndikuan nga ardhja e emigrant\u00ebve. Gjithashtu, gjetjet e tij shfaqin shum\u00eb benefite p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb amerikane. Kjo pasi q\u00eb shum\u00eb emigrant\u00eb kan\u00eb aft\u00ebsi, ambicie, talent dhe durim, karakteristika k\u00ebto q\u00eb i b\u00ebjn\u00eb ata t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm \u2013 rrjedhimisht edhe ekonomin\u00eb e nj\u00eb vendi. P\u00ebr shembull, Henry Ford \u00ebsh\u00eb djali i nj\u00eb emigranti irlandez, babai biologjik i Steve Jobs ishte nga Siria, Sergey Brin ka prejardhje nga Rusia, apo nj\u00eb nga njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, Jeff Bezos, ka prejardhje nga Kuba.<\/p>\n

Pra, shumica e njer\u00ebzve migrojn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb marrin hakun. Nj\u00eb barsolet\u00eb sovjetike thot\u00eb q\u00eb: \u201cAta shtireshin q\u00eb po na paguanin, dhe ne shtireshim sikur po punonim.\u201d Kjo situat\u00eb doli t\u00eb jet\u00eb e d\u00ebmshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb tej, profesor\u00ebt e nderuar sjellin nj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb mrekulluesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr tregtin\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Lufta tregtare n\u00eb mes ShBA-s\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs ishte nj\u00eb nga temat m\u00eb t\u00eb diskutuara vitet e fundit. P\u00ebrpara se presidenti Tramp t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruante hyrjen n\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb tarifave, nj\u00eb anket\u00eb e plot\u00ebsuar nga ekspert\u00ebt dhe profesor\u00ebt e ekonomis\u00eb, republikan\u00eb e demokrat\u00eb, u pyet\u00ebn n\u00ebse tarifat e reja do t\u00eb rrisin mir\u00ebqenien n\u00eb vend. Rreth 65 p\u00ebr qind e tyre \u201cnuk u pajtuan plot\u00ebsisht\u201d m\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb konstatim. T\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, \u201cnuk u pajtuan.\u201d Askush nga ta nuk ishte i mendimit q\u00eb lufta tregtare do t\u00eb sillte ndonj\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr vendin. Por, pse zbatimi i tarifave kishte p\u00ebrkrahje n\u00eb popull?<\/p>\n

Autor\u00ebt tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebt m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti jan\u00eb t\u00eb koncentruar t\u2019i diskutojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet nga tregtia, duke i injoruar k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, e cila n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e vog\u00ebl. Paul Samuelson, gjithashtu fitues i \u00c7mimit Nobel, n\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb tij sqaron q\u00eb tregtia e lir\u00eb rrit Bruto Produktin Komb\u00ebtar, dhe k\u00ebshtu \u00e7dokush mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitoj\u00eb n\u00ebse qeveria i tatimon fituesit nga tregtia e lir\u00eb dhe pastaj t\u00eb hyrat nga tatimet shp\u00ebrndahen tek humb\u00ebsit. Vet\u00ebm se, humb\u00ebsit mbesin n\u00eb m\u00ebshir\u00ebn e proceseve politike, pasi askush nuk i siguron q\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb hyra do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen. Modeli Stolper-Samuelson supozon q\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb pag\u00eb unike p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt me nivel t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00ebsive. Autor\u00ebt n\u00eb lib\u00ebr argumentojn\u00eb se k\u00ebto supozime jan\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb besueshme, sepse evidenca nuk e mb\u00ebshtet modelin. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, studimi i famsh\u00ebm i Petia Topalova n\u00eb lidhje me efektet e liberalizimit n\u00eb Indi, tregon q\u00eb zonat q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuara ndaj tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb lir\u00eb kan\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalsh\u00ebm t\u00eb zvog\u00eblimit t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe pun\u00ebs tek t\u00eb miturit krahasuar me zonat tjera \u2013 pik\u00ebrisht e kund\u00ebrta e asaj \u00e7far\u00eb sugjeron modeli Stolper-Samuelson. Gjetjet e Topalov\u00ebs argumentojn\u00eb kund\u00ebr teoris\u00eb se t\u00eb varfrit e vendeve t\u00eb varfra p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga tregtia. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, fillimisht u refuzua nga revistat shkencore pasi q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrputhej me bindjet e bordit editorial \u2013 duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndonj\u00eb gabim n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, hamend\u00ebsonin ata. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, qasja e Topalov\u00ebs u aplikua edhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende tjera dhe rezultatet ishin t\u00eb ngjashme. K\u00ebsisoj, pas shum\u00eb refuzimeve, punimi i Tapolov\u00ebs e fitoi \u00e7mimin e punimit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb nga revista n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin u publikua \u2013 nj\u00eb nga revistat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Rritja ekonomike \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenien e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi. Por, a \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo rritje pasqyrim real i mir\u00ebqenies? P\u00ebr shembull, kur nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor merr pushim p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb me familjen e tij, Bruto Produkti i Brendsh\u00ebm (BPB) zvog\u00eblohet, por k\u00ebshtu nuk mund t\u00eb themi edhe p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenien e pun\u00ebtorit. Rritja e BPB-s\u00eb i njeh vet\u00ebm ato mallra dhe sh\u00ebrbime q\u00eb kan\u00eb \u00e7mim n\u00eb treg. K\u00ebsisoj, autor\u00ebt ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebr modelet abstrakte t\u00eb rritjes ekonomike, duke num\u00ebruar dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin e realitetit.<\/p>\n

Alokimi jo i mir\u00eb i resurseve, sipas nobelist\u00ebve, del t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nga problemet kryesore q\u00eb ngadal\u00ebson rritjen ekonomike t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb zhvillim. Sistemi bankar ka nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi pivotale n\u00eb tejkalimin e k\u00ebsaj sfide, pasi q\u00eb financimi i bizneseve inovative siguron rritje t\u00eb aktivitetit ekonomik brenda vendit. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, n\u00ebse bankat financojn\u00eb aktivitete q\u00eb nuk pan\u00eb efekt t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rritjen e BPB \u2013 bie fjala, kredi p\u00ebr aktivitete spekulative n\u00ebp\u00ebr tregje financiare \u2013 at\u00ebher\u00eb vendi do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb ekonomike.<\/p>\n

Gjithsesi, pabarazia n\u00eb t\u00eb hyra mbetet nj\u00eb problem tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb p\u00ebrballen vendet. Me fjal\u00eb tjera, nga rritja ekonomike po p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb top 1 p\u00ebr qind e njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur, p\u00ebrderisa pjesa tjet\u00ebr e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrjeton ndonj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb evidentuar. Thomas Piketty argumenton q\u00eb tatimi i ul\u00ebt progresiv ka luajtur nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb madh n\u00eb thellimin e pabarazis\u00eb. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb, debati p\u00ebr rritjen e tatimit p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit e pasur ka arritur n\u00eb nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb politik\u00ebb\u00ebrjes, pasi q\u00eb shum\u00eb politikan\u00eb si Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez jan\u00eb duke mb\u00ebshtetur tatimin progresiv deri n\u00eb 70 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb t\u00eb hyrave. Gjithashtu, kandidatja potenciale p\u00ebr presidente, Elizabeth Warren, ka propozuar s\u00eb fundi tatim n\u00eb pasuri prej 2 p\u00ebr qind p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb asete m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb, dhe 3 p\u00ebr qind p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb asete m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb miliard dollar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund, autor\u00ebt argumentojn\u00eb q\u00eb ekonomiksi i mir\u00eb nuk mundet t\u00eb na shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb i vet\u00ebm, por pa t\u00eb, jemi t\u00eb prirur t\u2019i p\u00ebrs\u00ebritim gabimet e nj\u00ebjta. Idet\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme, dhe mund t\u00eb sjellin ndryshime pozitive. Gjithsesi, ekonomiksi \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u2019iu l\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb vet\u00ebm ekonomist\u00ebve, p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb nobelist\u00ebt e nderuar.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkencat natyrore kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb leht\u00ebsimin e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb nderohen shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt q\u00eb zbuluan dije t\u00eb re, u themelua \u00e7mimi prestigjioz Nobel, i cili zakonisht ndahet n\u00eb baza vjetore. N\u00eb vitin 1968, familjes s\u00eb \u00e7mimeve nobel iu shtua edhe ai p\u00ebr kontributin n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore, ekonomi. N\u00eb fillim, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":8549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1006,1000,1049],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-5324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomi","tag-politike-e-jashtme","tag-zhvillimi-ekonomik"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5324"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8550,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5324\/revisions\/8550"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5324"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}