{"id":5522,"date":"2020-08-06T10:42:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T08:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5522"},"modified":"2024-11-01T10:46:33","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T08:46:33","slug":"roli-i-shtetit-ne-perfshirjen-financiare-te-ojq-ve-pse-bankat-komerciale-po-i-largojne-ojq-te-nga-lista-e-klienteve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/roli-i-shtetit-ne-perfshirjen-financiare-te-ojq-ve-pse-bankat-komerciale-po-i-largojne-ojq-te-nga-lista-e-klienteve\/","title":{"rendered":"Roli i Shtetit n\u00eb P\u00ebrfshirjen Financiare t\u00eb OJQ-ve: Pse bankat komerciale po i largojn\u00eb OJQ-t\u00eb nga lista e klient\u00ebve?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gati gjysma e OJQ-ve aktive n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb operojn\u00eb me\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>zero t\u00eb hyra vjetore (45%)<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, derisa shpenzimet p\u00ebr mir\u00ebmbajtje t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb bankare p\u00ebr nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb shkojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb 200 EUR n\u00eb vit. Edhe pse shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e fondeve p\u00ebr OJQ vijn\u00eb nga donator\u00ebt e huaj, ku prijn\u00eb Bashkimi Europian me vendet anwtare dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs, dhe fondet publike, OJQ-t\u00eb kosniderohen si entitete me rrezik p\u00ebr financim t\u00eb terrorizmit.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb angazhimeve p\u00ebr luftim t\u00eb terrorizmit n\u00eb vitet 2014 dhe 2015 pat\u00ebn ndodhur disa zhvillime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe t\u00eb pa precedent p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket kufizimeve p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e OJQ-ve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt e t\u00eb organeve shtet\u00ebrore dhe bankave komerciale n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht, n\u00eb vitin 2014 me k\u00ebrkses\u00eb t\u00eb organeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb Departamenti p\u00ebr OJQ pati pezulluar pun\u00ebn e 14 organizatave t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, n\u00ebn arsyetimin se ekziston dyshim i bazuar q\u00eb veprimtaria e OJQ-v\u00eb t\u00eb pezulluara nuk p\u00ebrkon me rendin juridik dhe kushtetues t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Ky vendim i Qeveris\u00eb ishte tejet i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb arsyetim, dhe n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me korniz\u00ebn baz\u00eb ligjore q\u00eb rregullon funksionimin e OJQ-ve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Normalisht, veprimtaria e nj\u00eb OJQ-je mund t\u00eb shuhet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse e an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj vendosin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, apo me vendim t\u00eb plot-fuqish\u00ebm t\u00eb gjykat\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb organ qeveritar. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u2019i paraprir\u00eb k\u00ebtij vendimi, Qeveria u kujdes q\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb akti n\u00ebnligjor, t\u00eb hartuar larg syve t\u00eb publikut, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e pezullimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb OJQ-ve edhe nga organet qeveritare. Gjithsesi, kjo dispozit\u00eb ishte n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me ligjin baz\u00eb e cila m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe u largua.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shtator t\u00eb vitit 2015\u00a0TEB Banka bllokoi llogarit\u00eb bankare t\u00eb disa OJQ-ve<\/a>. Ngjash\u00ebm me vendimin e Qeveris\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2014, bllokimi i llogarive bankare u shoq\u00ebrua me nj\u00eb njoftim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cilit OJQ-t\u00eb u njoftuan p\u00ebr pezullim t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb llogarive bankare dhe j\u2019u k\u00ebrkua dor\u00ebzimi i nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb dokumenteve dhe informatave t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs. Shumica e dokumenteve ishin ose t\u00eb pamundshme p\u00ebr t\u2019u kompletuar ose absurde p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimin q\u00eb k\u00ebrkoheshin. Var\u00ebsisht nga rezultati i shqyrtimit t\u00eb dokumenteve t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuara, Banka do t\u00eb vendoste n\u00ebse do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u2019iu ofroj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime financiare OJQ-ve p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse apo do t\u2019ua mbyll\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht llogarit\u00eb bankare. Tash m\u00eb, edhe bankat kishin marr\u00eb rolin e prokurorit dhe gjykat\u00ebsit n\u00eb t\u00eb njejt\u00ebn koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto veprime, t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe ishin t\u00eb pa baz\u00eb dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara mbi paragjykime e stigmatizime t\u00eb ndryshme kontribuan n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb klime problematike p\u00ebr OJQ ku tanim\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb Bankave komerciale OJQ-t\u00eb ishin klient i pad\u00ebshiruar. Ato p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb nuk ishin klient atraktiv n\u00eb kuptimin komercial, tashm\u00eb paraqisnin rrezik t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr prishje t\u00eb raputacionit t\u00eb bank\u00ebs dhe rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve p\u00ebr menaxhim t\u00eb klient\u00ebve t\u00eb till\u00eb. T\u00eb ballafaquar me k\u00ebrkesa strikte p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcjellje dhe identifikim t\u00eb rasteve t\u00eb financimit t\u00eb terrorizmit, Bankat filluan t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb politika tejet p\u00ebrjashtuese dhe aspak t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr OJQ. Ato u konkretizuan kryesisht n\u00eb dy forma, mbyllje t\u00eb llogarive bankare t\u00eb OJQ-ve, dhe rritje t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave raportuese dhe kostove p\u00ebr menaxhim t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb bankare – politika k\u00ebto t\u00eb njohura si politika t\u00eb de-rrezikimit (bank de-risking).<\/p>\n

Politikat e de-rrezikimit dhe ndikimin i tyre n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e OJQ-ve<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar rrezikun q\u00eb u kanoset bankave nga puna me OJQ, qoft\u00eb n\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb reputacionit apo rritje t\u00eb kostos menaxhim t\u00eb klient\u00ebve me rrezik p\u00ebr financim t\u00eb terrorizmit, bankat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb i zbatojn\u00eb kryesisht dy politika q\u00eb si t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb kufizuese p\u00ebr OJQ dhe n\u00eb disa raste jo t\u00eb zbatueshme.<\/p>\n

Forma e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmes rritjes s\u00eb kosotos p\u00ebr mir\u00ebmbajtje t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb bankare. Aktualisht, nj\u00eb OJQ n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb paguan deri n\u00eb\u00a020 EUR<\/strong>\u00a0n\u00eb muaj p\u00ebr shpenzime administrative p\u00ebr mir\u00ebmbajtje t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb bankare dhe p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb ofruara nga banka, pa llogaritur kostot p\u00ebr ekzekutim t\u00eb pagesave. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb standardeve dhe praktikave t\u00eb mira t\u00eb transparenc\u00ebs dhe llogaridh\u00ebnies, shumica e OJQ-ve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb llogari bankare. Nj\u00eb OJQ q\u00eb gjat\u00eb vitit zbaton tre projekte t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve bankare paguan deri n\u00eb\u00a0600 EUR n\u00eb vit.<\/strong>\u00a0P\u00ebr nj\u00eb entitet juridik q\u00eb e ka t\u00eb ndaluar gjenerimin e fitimit, nj\u00eb kosto e till\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet e lart\u00eb n\u00eb raste t\u00eb caktuar ajo b\u00ebhet e pa p\u00ebrballueshme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr institucionet p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe bankat komerciale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha OJQ-t\u00eb konsiderohen si entitete\/klient me rrezik p\u00ebr financim t\u00eb terrorizmit \u2013 gjithsesi ky konstatim bazohet n\u00eb vler\u00ebsim paushall dhe jo empirik. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kategorizimit t\u00eb till\u00eb, OJQ-t\u00eb i n\u00ebnshtrohen procedurave strikte t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm q\u00eb bankat b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt e tyre. Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr to \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs, q\u00eb n\u00eb parim nuk do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishte fare problematik, por megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn q\u00eb ajo zbatohet nga bankat jo rrall\u00eb del t\u00eb jet\u00eb proces i komplikuar dhe me k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb pa zbatueshme n\u00eb praktik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb konkretisht, p\u00ebr verifikim t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs kontrolluese t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs k\u00ebrkohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e themeluesve t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs, praktik\u00eb kjo e zbatueshme dhe me kuptim p\u00ebr biznese ku themeluesit jan\u00eb pronar\u00ebt\/akcionar\u00ebt dhe vendimmarr\u00ebsit e kompanis\u00eb. P\u00ebr dallim prej bizneseve, te OJQ-t\u00eb, themeluesit si t\u00eb till\u00eb kan\u00eb vet\u00ebm rol ceremonial e historik dhe nuk z\u00ebn\u00eb vend askund n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn vendimmarr\u00ebse apo kontrolluese t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs. Jan\u00eb Kuvendi i An\u00ebtar\u00ebve p\u00ebr shoqata, dhe Bordi p\u00ebr Fondacione dhe Institute q\u00eb kan\u00eb rolin kryesor dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb sturktur\u00ebn organizative t\u00eb OJQ-s\u00eb. Nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb e till\u00eb, ku bankat insistojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e themelus\u00ebve t\u00eb organizat\u00ebs p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb nuk i sh\u00ebrben q\u00ebllimit kryesor t\u00eb bankave dhe autoriteteve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, shpeshher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb realizohet. Shembull, p\u00ebr arsye t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht normale dhe t\u00eb natyrshme, themelues t\u00eb OJQ-ve t\u00eb ndryshme mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb vdekur gjat\u00eb 20 viteve t\u00eb fundit, dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i informatave t\u00eb tyre personale n\u00eb baza vjetore \u00ebsht\u00eb absurditet dhe praktikisht i pamundur. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre k\u00ebrkesave, shum\u00eb OJQ jan\u00eb detyruar t\u2019i mbyllin llogarit\u00eb e tyre bankare dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ballafaqohen me probleme t\u00eb njejta<\/p>\n

Roli i shtetit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga viti 2019, Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes\u00a0Ligjit p\u00ebr OJQ<\/a>\u00a0ka obliguar t\u00eb gjitha OJQ-t\u00eb q\u00eb transaksionet e tyre financiare t\u2019i realizojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes institucioneve bankare t\u00eb licencuara nga BQK. Kjo k\u00ebrkes\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrben shtetit t\u00eb ket\u00eb informata n\u00eb burimet e financimit q\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ajo poashtu kontribuon n\u00eb rregullsi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe financiare t\u00eb OJQ-ve. Megjithat\u00eb, ky obligim p\u00ebr OJQ n\u00ebse nuk shoq\u00ebrohet me politika p\u00ebrcjell\u00ebse dhe mbik\u00ebqyrje t\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb shtetit ndaj institucioneve q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime bankare shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb penges\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe serioze p\u00ebr ushtrimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb OJQ-ve. M\u00eb konkrektisht, Qeveria e Kososv\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb zbatoj\u00eb rekomandimet e dala nga\u00a0Raporti i Vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb P\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs me Standardet Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Parandalimin e Pastrimit t\u00eb Parave dhe Luftimin e Financimit t\u00eb Terrorizmit<\/a>\u00a0duke p\u00ebrdorur qasje t\u00eb targetuar p\u00ebr identifikim t\u00eb rrezikut p\u00ebr financim t\u00eb terrorizmit nga OJQ-t\u00eb dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb kategorizim t\u00eb organizatave q\u00eb paraqesin nj\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb till\u00eb. Kjo do t\u2019i mund\u00ebsonte shtetit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb masa q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti n\u00eb sigurin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb vendit, duke i mund\u00ebsuar OJQ-ve t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb zhvillimin socio-ekonomik dhe avancimin e demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb vend. Poashtu, shteti duhet t\u00eb njoh rrezikun q\u00eb vjen si rrjedhoj\u00eb e politikave t\u00eb de-rrezikut q\u00eb bankat zbatojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb masa afirmative t\u00eb cilat i mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha OJQ-ve qasje t\u00eb drejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime bankare, duke u\u2019a ndaluar bankave komerciale politikat diskriminuese ndaj OJQ-ve dhe duke promovuar qasje e masa t\u00eb cilat do ta leht\u00ebsonin shfryt\u00ebzimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve bankare nga OJQ-t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

—–<\/p>\n

Ky shkrim \u00ebsht\u00eb i publikuar n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit: \u201cRi-form\u00ebsimi i Shoq\u00ebris\u00eb Civile n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb pandemis\u00eb COVID-19\u201d mbeshtetur nga\u00a0 Fondacioni i Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr Shoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Hapur implementuar nga Platforma CiviKos. Q\u00ebndrimet e autorit nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Platform\u00ebs CiviKos.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Gati gjysma e OJQ-ve aktive n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb operojn\u00eb me\u00a0zero t\u00eb hyra vjetore (45%), derisa shpenzimet p\u00ebr mir\u00ebmbajtje t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb bankare p\u00ebr nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb shkojn\u00eb deri n\u00eb 200 EUR n\u00eb vit. Edhe pse shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e fondeve p\u00ebr OJQ vijn\u00eb nga donator\u00ebt e huaj, ku prijn\u00eb Bashkimi Europian me vendet anwtare dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":260,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1595,1594],"ppma_author":[1593],"class_list":["post-5522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analize","tag-bankat-komerciale","tag-ojq"],"authors":[{"term_id":1593,"user_id":260,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dren-puka","display_name":"Dren Puka","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fc5e90377ec0677e6d48f15dd47f22063ddef3ae486a64fea78821bdaece0c6e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Puka","first_name":"Dren","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/260"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5522"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9367,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5522\/revisions\/9367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5522"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}