{"id":5883,"date":"2020-05-05T12:33:42","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T10:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5883"},"modified":"2024-10-18T12:36:55","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T10:36:55","slug":"demokracia-pandemia-dhe-ndikimi-ne-ekonomi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/demokracia-pandemia-dhe-ndikimi-ne-ekonomi\/","title":{"rendered":"Demokracia, pandemia dhe ndikimi n\u00eb ekonomi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Shoku ekonomik n\u00eb planin global si pasoj\u00eb e pandemis\u00eb COVID-19 konsiderohet me pasoja shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda\u00a0 madje edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda se ato te kriz\u00ebs financiare e vitit 2008. Ndikimet e saj jan\u00eb strukturore me pasoja p\u00ebr shum\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb humbura, p\u00ebr sistemin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, kontraktim t\u00eb ekonomive gjithandej globit. Por implikimet sigurisht do t\u00eb jen\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, ngase reformat strukturore brenda vendeve n\u00eb planin politik, ekonomik, t\u00eb mbrojtjes e siguris\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore shtrojn\u00eb edhe nevoj\u00ebn e adresimit n\u00eb planin global t\u00eb dilemave etike dhe aspekteve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb lidhur me inxhinieringun bioekologjik dhe pasojat e tij potenciale, potencialisht t\u00eb ngjashme me k\u00ebto q\u00eb po shohim.<\/p>\n

Kosova po ballafaqohet gjithashtu me pasoja. Adresimi dhe menaxhimi i kriz\u00ebs deri tani ishte relativisht i\u00a0 k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm, masat nuk u vonuan shum\u00eb, por rigoroziteti i nd\u00ebrprerjes se aktiviteteve ekonomike e sociale, distancimi social, sigurisht se do t\u2019i ket\u00eb pasojat\u00a0 n\u00eb r\u00ebnien e prodhimit dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb\u00a0 dhe si pasoj\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e k\u00ebtyre aktiviteteve e q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb humbje e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, zvog\u00eblim i buxhetit familjar, ndaj edhe rritje t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave emergjente asistenc\u00eb sociale dhe tutje kjo do ta r\u00ebndoj edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb buxhetin edhe ashtu ende modest t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Fondi Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar (FMN) parasheh se do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje negative n\u00eb -3% n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb globale. Pandemia COVID-19 po ndikon q\u00eb ekonomia n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb tkurrje, nj\u00eb rritje n\u00eb terma negativ ekonomik prej -5% sipas FMN-s\u00eb; Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs sipas parashikimeve beson se rritja negative do t\u00eb jet\u00eb -3%, nd\u00ebrsa Banka Qendrore e Kosov\u00ebs beson se kjo rritje do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet -2% dhe -4%.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb diskutim u ngrit\u00ebn shqet\u00ebsimet se d\u00ebmet n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e vendit jan\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Sektori privat po ballafaqohet me probleme t\u00eb ndryshme si nga ato financiare, pastaj p\u00ebr ruajtjen e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, p\u00ebr produktivitetin pun\u00ebs, prodhimin, humbjen e tregjeve dhe stabilitetin e zinxhirit t\u00eb furnizimit. M\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb pandemie e kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar kompanit\u00eb e vogla dhe ato mikrond\u00ebrmarrjet (1-5 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar). T\u00eb hyrat n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit kan\u00eb r\u00ebnie gjat\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb muajit prill. Parashikimet e qeveris\u00eb jan\u00eb se n\u00ebse kjo situat\u00eb zgjat\u00eb deri n\u00eb fundin e muajit maj 2020, t\u00eb hyrat do t\u00eb ken\u00eb r\u00ebnie rreth 200-220milion euro n\u00eb vitin 2020.<\/p>\n

Pakoja emergjente e nd\u00ebrmarrur n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb masave t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb iu dedikohet skemave sociale, pensioneve, \u00a0pastaj pagat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve n\u00eb vler\u00eb prej 170 euro neto n\u00eb sektorin privat dhe p\u00ebr pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb humbin vendin e pun\u00ebs, po ashtu t\u00eb siguroj likuiditetin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet e vogla dhe ato q\u00eb kan\u00eb vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsim-mikro. Pakoja emergjente n\u00eb vler\u00eb prej 290 milion euro do t\u00eb mbulohet nga kursimet e qeveris\u00eb, pa prekur obligimet ligjore, pagat n\u00eb sektorin publik dhe projeksionet tjera t\u00eb parapara. Kjo situat\u00eb\/kriz\u00eb ka efekt t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb: n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb do t\u00eb kemi rritje t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht do t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr konsum.<\/p>\n

Masat e nd\u00ebrmarra nga qeveria jan\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebpritura dhe vler\u00ebsohen nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb mirat n\u00eb rajon. Pritet q\u00eb pakoja e rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes t\u00eb korrigjoj disa masa t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarra n\u00eb pakon emergjente.\u00a0 Pakoja p\u00ebr rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbje ekonomike parasheh 300-350 milion euro. Ky fond do t\u00eb sigurohet nga kredit\u00eb apo ndihma tjera n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb arka e shtetit dhe bankat t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb likuiditetin minimal. Gjithashtu n\u00eb v\u00ebmendje k\u00ebto koh\u00eb ka \u00a0qen\u00eb edhe ndryshimi i ligjit p\u00ebr menaxhimin e financave publike dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsive, e cila duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me kuvendin, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hendek politik nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e leht\u00eb. Nj\u00ebri nga fol\u00ebsit p\u00ebrmend se industria m\u00eb e goditur \u00ebsht\u00eb industria i mikpritjes dhe sektori m\u00eb i goditur tani si ai: sektori i sh\u00ebrbimeve, sektori i turizmit, sektori i prodhimit, sektori i nd\u00ebrtimtaris\u00eb. Do t\u00eb goditemi me nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb pezulluar p\u00ebr disa muaj. Mbyllja e shteteve po ashtu do t\u00eb ndikoj n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs dhe zinxhiri i furnizimit do t\u00eb ket\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi \u00e7ka do t\u00eb ndikoj n\u00eb zvog\u00eblim t\u00eb importit. Nj\u00eb burim me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi konsiderohen remitencat. Diaspora konsiderohet si nj\u00eb potencial i madh e sidomos si burim investimit n\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb familjare, e cila brenda nj\u00eb viti investon rreth 1 miliard euro. Kjo mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb leht\u00eb por efekti negativ mund t\u00eb shihet n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kemi mbyllje t\u00eb kufijve p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shqet\u00ebsimet e k\u00ebtyre dit\u00ebve jan\u00eb edhe rreth p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb pag\u00ebs minimale prej 170 euro neto p\u00ebr t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit n\u00eb sektorin privat dhe atyre q\u00eb do t\u00eb humbin vendin e pun\u00ebs. Duhet pasur parasysh q\u00eb para Pandemis\u00eb COVID-19 paga n\u00eb sektorin privat ka qen\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt rreth 40% krahasuar me sektorin publik. Implementimi i pakos emergjente ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale sepse \u00e7do vones\u00eb do t\u00eb thellonte edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb kriz\u00ebn. Qeveria garanton se do t\u00eb ndermirren masa t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb garantojn\u00eb se ndarja e ndihmave p\u00ebr sektorin privat do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e drejt\u00eb dhe se t\u00eb respektohen ligjet e vendit dhe nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb diskriminim n\u00eb implementimin e masave.<\/p>\n

Iniciativa e BQK-s\u00eb \u00a0p\u00ebr masat n\u00eb sektorin bankar p\u00ebr shtyrjen e kredive p\u00ebr tre muaj po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahur. Pritet poashtu rritje e Fondit p\u00ebr Garanci Kreditore n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe kjo do t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe sektorin privat. Rritja e portofolios kreditore nga bankat, ulja e interesit, mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr shtyrje t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb pages\u00ebs s\u00eb kredis\u00eb (grais periudh\u00eb) jan\u00eb hapa mjaft t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr\u00a0 mb\u00ebshtetjen e sektorit privat.<\/p>\n

Duke pasur parasysh se sektori privat \u00ebsht\u00eb gjeneratori i zhvillimit ekonomik, shihet si domosdoshm\u00ebri konsensusi i akter\u00ebve kryesor p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpunim n\u00eb dizajnin e pakos s\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes. Pakoja e rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes duhet t\u00eb fokusohet n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zhvillohen shpejt\u00eb dhe rrisin aktivitetin e tyre. Me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb mjetet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb fond t\u00eb sigurohen se do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren me efektivitet dhe aty ku ipen fryte ekonomike p\u00ebr ringjallje ekonomike. Sektor\u00eb me potencial shihen sektori i prodhimit, sektori i bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, sektori i sh\u00ebrbimeve IT, pra sektor\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb rrisin eksportin.<\/p>\n

Bota pas pandemis\u00eb COVID-19 sigurisht nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj, parashohin gjithandej ekspert\u00ebt e ekonomis\u00eb. Kjo situat\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshoj edhe rendin ekonomik t\u00eb shteteve.<\/p>\n

Problemin n\u00eb vend m\u00eb shum\u00eb e thellon kriza politike dhe institucionale lidhur me luftimin e pandemis\u00eb Covid19. Kjo tutje shtron \u00e7\u00ebshtje serioze n\u00eb masa brengos\u00ebse p\u00ebr trendin e zhvillimeve demokratike, sociale e ekonomike n\u00eb vend.<\/p>\n

—–<\/p>\n

Sallonet e s\u00eb mart\u00ebs jan\u00eb nj\u00eb nism\u00eb javore e\u00a0Institutit Demokraci p\u00ebr Zhvillim (D4D).<\/a>\u00a0Salloni ka format gjysm\u00eb-formal\u00a0 sipas rregull\u00ebs Chatham House dhe pa prani t\u00eb mediave. Diskutimi mbledh rreth vetes ekspert\u00eb e analist\u00eb, politikan\u00eb e publicist\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb reflektuar dhe k\u00ebrkuar konsensus mbi temat e p\u00ebrzgjedhura.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb situat\u00ebs s\u00eb ballafaqimit me pandemin\u00eb COVID-19 n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn gjendemi, ky sallon \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar p\u00ebrmes platform\u00ebs online.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Shoku ekonomik n\u00eb planin global si pasoj\u00eb e pandemis\u00eb COVID-19 konsiderohet me pasoja shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda\u00a0 madje edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda se ato te kriz\u00ebs financiare e vitit 2008. Ndikimet e saj jan\u00eb strukturore me pasoja p\u00ebr shum\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb humbura, p\u00ebr sistemin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, kontraktim t\u00eb ekonomive gjithandej globit. Por implikimet sigurisht do t\u00eb jen\u00eb […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":514,"featured_media":8669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1047,1366,1186],"ppma_author":[1420],"class_list":["post-5883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-demokracia","tag-ekonomia","tag-pandemia"],"authors":[{"term_id":1420,"user_id":514,"is_guest":0,"slug":"saxhide-mustafa","display_name":"Saxhide Mustafa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bfe4e38950da712b671de522190964aeb461d437b82314b349db9f30fb936c86?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Mustafa","first_name":"Saxhide","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/514"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5883"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8670,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5883\/revisions\/8670"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5883"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}