{"id":5942,"date":"2022-04-06T11:34:18","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T09:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=5942"},"modified":"2024-10-17T11:36:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T09:36:07","slug":"sherbimet-psikologjike-si-mekanizem-per-uljen-e-dhunes-ne-shkollat-e-kosoves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/opinion\/sherbimet-psikologjike-si-mekanizem-per-uljen-e-dhunes-ne-shkollat-e-kosoves\/","title":{"rendered":"Sh\u00ebrbimet psikologjike si mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr uljen e dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb shkollat e Kosov\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Dhuna e t\u00eb gjitha formave, huliganizmi, ngacmimet mes nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve, sulmet ndaj m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve, p\u00ebrdorimi i arm\u00ebve e mjeteve t\u00eb tjera, si dhe d\u00ebmet q\u00eb shkaktohen n\u00eb mjediset edukativo-arsimore, vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb problem shqet\u00ebsues n\u00ebp\u00ebr shkollat e Kosov\u00ebs. Kjo situat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe prind\u00ebrit, por edhe p\u00ebr institucionet relevante, m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Siguria n\u00eb shkollat e Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb tem\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtuar edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. Kjo ka ndodhur sidomos n\u00eb rastet kur, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, jemi ballafaquar me dhun\u00eb apo incidente brenda dhe jasht\u00eb objekteve shkollore. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr k\u00ebsaj, asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar qart\u00eb faktor\u00ebt esencial\u00eb t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb dhunshme t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe as nuk jan\u00eb definuar si duhet mekanizmat e domosdosh\u00ebm t\u00eb siguris\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr ambientet shkollore.<\/p>\n

Nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare, vitet e fundit v\u00ebrehet nj\u00eb rritje e konsiderueshme t\u00eb rasteve t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs n\u00ebp\u00ebr shkolla. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, bazuar n\u00eb evidencat e Policis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, gjat\u00eb vitit 2020 jan\u00eb raportuar 221 raste t\u00eb incidenteve t\u00eb shkaktuara n\u00ebp\u00ebr shkolla dhe p\u00ebrreth tyre. Kurse, vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb pas ky num\u00ebr gati \u00ebsht\u00eb dyfishuar duke arritur n\u00eb\u00a0413 raste<\/a>. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb dy muajt e par\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti (2022) jan\u00eb raportuar 95 raste t\u00eb incidenteve\u00a0n\u00eb shkollat e Kosov\u00ebs<\/a>. N\u00eb mesin e k\u00ebtyre rasteve \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb\u00a0nx\u00ebn\u00ebs 14-vje\u00e7ar<\/a>, i cili fatkeq\u00ebsisht u vra muajin e kaluar n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb e plag\u00ebve t\u00eb shkaktuara nga therja me thik\u00eb nga nj\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr i mosh\u00ebs 15-vje\u00e7are. Sipas raportimeve, akoma nuk dihen motivet e k\u00ebsaj vrasjeje.<\/p>\n

Sikur kjo t\u00eb mos mjaftonte, vler\u00ebsohet se ekziston nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb nga ana e menaxhmentit t\u00eb shkollave q\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e rasteve t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs t\u00eb mos raportohen. Nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb till\u00eb dit\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb e konfirmoi edhe vet\u00eb ministrja e Arsimit, Shkenc\u00ebs, Teknologjis\u00eb dhe Inovacionit,\u00a0Arb\u00ebrie Nagavci<\/a>, e cila gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb raportimi n\u00eb Kuvendin e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00ebnvizoi se \u201craportimi i rasteve t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e duhur dhe se ekziston nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb q\u00eb raste t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb fshihen\u201d.<\/p>\n

Duhet kuptuar se fshehja dhe heshtja e nj\u00eb problemi nuk e zgjidh at\u00eb. P\u00ebrkundrazi, rastet e dhun\u00ebs t\u00eb paraportuara mbesin t\u00eb paadresuara dhe, si rezultat, t\u00eb pazgjidhura. Nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb krijon tension t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm te nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit. Kur ky presion akumulohet, problemet shtres\u00ebzohen deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb vlimi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthej\u00eb n\u00eb dhun\u00eb me pasoja fatale p\u00ebr nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n

Nuk do mend se nj\u00eb nivel i till\u00eb i dhun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft shqet\u00ebsues. N\u00ebse institucionet merren vet\u00ebm me evidentimin e k\u00ebtyre rasteve apo, edhe m\u00eb keq, me fshehjen e tyre, kjo lloj sjelljeje agresive vet\u00ebm sa do shpeshtohet dhe p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet. Andaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb jetike q\u00eb s\u00eb pari t\u00eb identifikohen shkaqet e k\u00ebsaj sjelljeje, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb\u00a0q\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt dhe institucionet e specializuara t\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyn\u00eb si duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb ambient m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, studimet e shumta n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e psikologjis\u00eb kan\u00eb evidentuar disa faktor\u00eb potencial\u00eb t\u00eb sjelljes agresive dhe dhun\u00ebs s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe adoleshent\u00ebve. K\u00ebta faktor\u00eb jan\u00eb disa llojesh dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve lidhen me karakteristikat individuale t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve, familjet e tyre, ndikimi nga shkolla si dhe\u00a0ndikimet e tjera shoq\u00ebrore.<\/a>\u00a0Faktor\u00ebt individual\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb nivelin e njohurive, q\u00ebndrimeve dhe perceptimeve q\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit kan\u00eb p\u00ebr dhun\u00ebn. Individ\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuar kundrejt formave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs, q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb viktima eventuale t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb familje, apo q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb substancave narkotike, kan\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb sjellje m\u00eb t\u00eb dhunshme, sidomos kundrejt bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Tutje, faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb rrjedhin nga familja p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb munges\u00ebn e dashuris\u00eb dhe kujdesit prind\u00ebror, p\u00ebrvojat me dhun\u00ebn n\u00eb ambientet familjare, nd\u00ebshkimin fizik dhe keqtrajtimin sistematik t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. Duke qen\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr rolin jetik q\u00eb kan\u00eb familja dhe ambienti i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm familjar, konsiderohet se efektet e k\u00ebtij institucioni t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm social jan\u00eb kruciale n\u00eb sjelljen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb rinjve n\u00eb ambiente t\u00eb tjera shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Faktor\u00ebt e fundit, por jo m\u00eb pak t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, jan\u00eb faktor\u00ebt shoq\u00ebror\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: pabarazin\u00eb socio-ekonomike, ndryshimet e shpejta ekonomike e sociale, ndikimet e mjeteve t\u00eb informimit publik, normat shoq\u00ebrore q\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahin sjellje t\u00eb dhunshme, qasja e leht\u00eb n\u00eb lloje t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb arm\u00ebve, etj. K\u00ebta faktor\u00eb kan\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb rritjen e dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb mesin e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb shkolla. K\u00ebshtu, problemet e shumta t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb adoleshent\u00ebve shpesh marrin p\u00ebrmasa shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb injorimit dhe munges\u00ebs se ndihm\u00ebs ose mbrojtjes joadekuate n\u00eb familje, n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb apo mjedis m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shkollat e sigurta promovojn\u00eb mbrojtjen e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve nga dhuna, ekspozimin ndaj arm\u00ebve dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve, vjedhjeve, bulizmit dhe formave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs, shitjen ose p\u00ebrdorimin e substancave narkotike n\u00eb mjediset e shkoll\u00ebs etj. Siguria e shkoll\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur edhe me p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e rezultateve m\u00ebsimore t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, siguria emocionale dhe fizike lidhen ngusht\u00ebsisht me\u00a0performanc\u00ebn akademike<\/a>. Nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit q\u00eb jan\u00eb viktima t\u00eb ngacmimit fizik apo emocional, ose q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb shitjen ose p\u00ebrdorimin e substancave t\u00eb paligjshme, kan\u00eb rezultate m\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta n\u00eb m\u00ebsime, braktisje m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrfshirjes n\u00eb aktivitete t\u00eb dhunshme dhe t\u00eb paligjshme. Studimet tregojn\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb lidhjeje shkak\u00ebsore mes t\u00eb arriturave t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve dhe mjedisit shkollor\u00a0n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin zhvillohet m\u00ebsimi<\/a>. Nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb motivuar t\u00eb ken\u00eb sukses dhe t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb potencialin e tyre t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb shkollat q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb klim\u00eb pozitive, ku nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit ndihen t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb, t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur dhe t\u00eb sigurt.<\/p>\n

Andaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb jetike q\u00eb secila shkoll\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime adekuate t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn, n\u00eb shkollat fillore dhe t\u00eb mesme, jan\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuar vet\u00ebm\u00a0146<\/a>\u00a0psikolog\u00eb. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, Kosova nuk po i kushton v\u00ebmendjen e duhur sh\u00ebndetit mendor t\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve. Shpesh, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb me shqet\u00ebsime jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit fizik, por edhe me preokupime q\u00eb lidhen me sh\u00ebndetin mendor. Andaj, duke i mb\u00ebshtetur nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt eventualisht po kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr sfida dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor, institucionet relevante mund ta ulin nivelin e dhun\u00ebs n\u00eb shkolla dhe t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb kushte t\u00eb sigurta dhe stimuluese p\u00ebr ta rritur performanc\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebsime, si dhe p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dhuna e t\u00eb gjitha formave, huliganizmi, ngacmimet mes nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve, sulmet ndaj m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve, p\u00ebrdorimi i arm\u00ebve e mjeteve t\u00eb tjera, si dhe d\u00ebmet q\u00eb shkaktohen n\u00eb mjediset edukativo-arsimore, vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb problem shqet\u00ebsues n\u00ebp\u00ebr shkollat e Kosov\u00ebs. Kjo situat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe prind\u00ebrit, por edhe p\u00ebr institucionet relevante, m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe p\u00ebr […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":334,"featured_media":8407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[972,1133,870],"ppma_author":[346],"class_list":["post-5942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-kosove","tag-shkolla","tag-siguria"],"authors":[{"term_id":346,"user_id":334,"is_guest":0,"slug":"violeta-zefi","display_name":"Violeta Zefi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Zefi","first_name":"Violeta","description":"Violeta Zefi ka ndjekur studimet themelore dhe ato master, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Psikologjis\u00eb, n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 2017 ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet e doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb Masaryk University, Republik\u00eb \u00c7eke. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebruese n\u00eb Kolegjin \u201cUBT\u201d, dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ndjek specializimin n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e \u201cPsikologjis\u00eb Klinike\u201d. Nga viti 2006 ka punuar p\u00ebr organizata t\u00eb ndryshme vendore dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebrpos ligj\u00ebrimit ajo punon edhe si Psikologe n\u00eb Asociacionin Kosovar t\u00eb Personave q\u00eb Jetojn\u00eb me HIV\/AIDS (n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Global Fund p\u00ebr HIV\/AIDS) dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e angazhuar si psikologe, konsulente dhe trajnere n\u00eb projekte t\u00eb ndryshme."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/334"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5942"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5942\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8501,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5942\/revisions\/8501"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5942"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}