{"id":6014,"date":"2020-03-23T16:11:56","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T14:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=6014"},"modified":"2024-10-14T16:13:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T14:13:17","slug":"ndarjet-e-partive-politike-ne-ballkan-5-ndarjet-e-partive-ne-serbi-mal-te-zi-kroaci-e-bosnje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/ndarjet-e-partive-politike-ne-ballkan-5-ndarjet-e-partive-ne-serbi-mal-te-zi-kroaci-e-bosnje\/","title":{"rendered":"Ndarjet e partive politike n\u00eb Ballkan (5): Ndarjet e partive n\u00eb Serbi, Mal t\u00eb Zi, Kroaci e Bosnje"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kjo trajtes\u00eb e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb pes\u00eb pjes\u00eb do ta shtjelloj\u00eb historikun e ndarjes s\u00eb partive politike n\u00eb rajonin e Ballkanit. Pjesa e par\u00eb dhe e dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb analizojn\u00eb historikun e ndarjeve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, me \u00e7\u2019rast pjesa e par\u00eb do t\u00eb merret vet\u00ebm me ndarjen e Vet\u00ebvendosjes, duke qen\u00eb rasti m\u00eb i fresk\u00ebt, gjersa pjesa e dyt\u00eb me ndarjen e partive t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Pjesa e tret\u00eb do t\u2019i shqyrtoj\u00eb ndarjet e partive politike n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, e kat\u00ebrta ndarjet e partive n\u00eb Maqedoni, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb pjesa e pest\u00eb dhe e fundit do ta p\u00ebrmbledh\u00eb ndarjen e partive n\u00eb Serbi, Mal t\u00eb Zi, Kroaci dhe Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb dhjetor 1989, nj\u00eb grup intelektual\u00ebsh serb\u00eb vendos\u00ebn ta krijonin Partin\u00eb Demokratike (DS), e cila kishte ekzistuar q\u00eb para Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Gara e par\u00eb p\u00ebr kreun e partis\u00eb u zhvillua mes Dragoljub Mi\u0107unovi\u0107-it and Kosta \u010cavo\u0161ki-t, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e fitoi ky i pari, por q\u00eb m\u00eb 1990 u largua p\u00ebr arsye se nuk e p\u00ebrkrahte kursin nacionalist t\u00eb partis\u00eb dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tij si kryetar erdhi filozofi i ri, Zoran \u0110in\u0111i\u0107. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, \u010cavo\u0161ki e braktisi partin\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me nj\u00eb grup intelektual\u00ebsh dhe e krijuan Partin\u00eb Liberale Serbe e cila avokonte p\u00ebr rikthimin e monarkis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dy vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, nj\u00eb ndarje akoma m\u00eb e madh do t\u00eb ndodhte. Vojislav Ko\u0161tunica, n\u00ebnkryetari i partis\u00eb, me nj\u00eb grup tjet\u00ebr themeluesish t\u00eb partis\u00eb, vendosi t\u00eb largohej p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kritikave ndaj udh\u00ebheqjes s\u00eb partis\u00eb, sidomos n\u00eb lidhje me bashkangjitjen n\u00eb koalicionin DEMOS t\u00eb partive nacionaliste. N\u00eb korrik 1992, Ko\u0161tunica e themeloi Partin\u00eb Demokratike t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb (DSS), duke marr\u00eb me vete edhe shum\u00eb prej themeluesve t\u00eb partis\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb partis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por, k\u00ebto dy parti do t\u00eb bashkoheshin n\u00eb vitin 2000 n\u00eb gar\u00ebn kund\u00ebr Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107-it dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00eb rr\u00ebzimin e tij nga pushteti. N\u00eb mandatin e par\u00eb, Ko\u0161tunica i DSS-s\u00eb ishte President i Jugosllavis\u00eb, kurse \u0110in\u0111i\u0107-i i DS-s\u00eb kryeminist\u00ebr. Pas vrasjes s\u00eb k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit, kryetar i DS-s\u00eb u zgjodh Boris Tadi\u0107, i cili m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej President i Serbis\u00eb, kurse Ko\u0161tunica kryeminist\u00ebr i Serbis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb parti tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb fillet e pluralizimit politik serb ka qen\u00eb edhe L\u00ebvizja e Ringjalljes Serbe (SPO), e udh\u00ebhequr nga shkrimtari nacionalist, Vuk Dra\u0161kovi\u0107 dhe studiuesi nacionalist i shkencave sociale, Vojislav \u0160e\u0161elj. SPO-ja q\u00eb kishte orientim neo\u00e7etnik dhe promonarkist u nda n\u00eb vitin 1991 dhe \u0160e\u0161elj-i e krijoi Partin\u00eb Radikale Serbe (SRS), e cila gjat\u00eb viteve \u201990 nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht ishte rivalja dhe bashk\u00ebpu\u00ebntorja kryesore e Partis\u00eb Socialiste Serbe (SPS) t\u00eb presidentit Milo\u0161evi\u0107. Por, as vet\u00eb SRS-ja nuk i shp\u00ebtoi ndarjeve t\u00eb brendshme.<\/p>\n

Pasi q\u00eb m\u00eb 2003 lideri i saj \u0160e\u0161elj u thirr nga Gjykata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr krimet e luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Jugosllavi, brenda SRS-s\u00eb filluan p\u00ebr\u00e7arjet e brendshme. Kryetari dhe n\u00ebnkryetari i ri i partis\u00eb, gjegj\u00ebsisht Tomislav Nikoli\u0107-i dhe Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107-i filluan t\u00eb shprehin mospajtime me liderin historik t\u00eb SRS-s\u00eb dhe n\u00eb vjesht\u00ebn e vitit 2008 ata e braktis\u00ebn partin\u00eb duke synuar krijimin e nj\u00eb force t\u00eb reformuar e cila do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb proper\u00ebndimore dhe jodogmatike se SRS-ja.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb tetor t\u00eb atij viti, Nikoli\u0107-i dhe Vu\u010di\u0107-i e krijuan Partin\u00eb P\u00ebrparimtare Serbe (SNS) e cila q\u00eb nga viti 2012 \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb qeveri dhe deri tani ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb dy president\u00eb t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb \u2013 Nikoli\u0107-in dhe Vu\u010di\u0107-in \u2013 dhe dy kryeministra \u2013 Vu\u010di\u0107-in dhe Brnabi\u0107-in. Gjersa SNS-ja pas ndarjes sh\u00ebnoi sukses, duke arritur n\u00eb zgjedhjet e vitit 2016 gjer n\u00eb 48 p\u00ebrqind, SRS-ja vet\u00ebm shkoi n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb lir\u00eb, madje n\u00eb zgjedhjet parlamentare t\u00eb vitit 2012, SRS-ja p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nuk e kaloi as pragun zgjedhor dhe mori vet\u00ebm 4.6%. Lirimi nga burgu i liderit t\u00eb saj historik, \u0160e\u0161elj-it, n\u00eb vitin 2014 e ngjalli pak partin\u00eb por asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk e ktheu n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb e saj t\u00eb kahmotshme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kroaci dhe Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb (BiH) partit\u00eb tradicionale e kan\u00eb ruajtur kompakt\u00ebsine e tyre p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb tri dekadave t\u00eb fundit dhe akoma mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb sken\u00ebn politike atje. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb largimi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, nuk ka pasur ndonj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb madhe q\u00eb do t\u2019i d\u00ebmtonte n\u00eb Kroaci Bashkimin Demokratik Kroat (HDZ) e Partin\u00eb Socialdemokrate (SDP) ose n\u00eb BiH Partin\u00eb e Veprimit Demokratik (SDA), Partin\u00eb Socialdemokrate (SDP), Unionin Demokratik Kroat t\u00eb BiH (HDZ), Aleanc\u00ebn e Socialdemokrat\u00ebve t\u00eb Pavarur (SNSD), Partin\u00eb Demokratike Serbe (SDS), etj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Malit t\u00eb Zi ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb i theksuar fenomeni i ndarjeve. N\u00eb fakt, gjer n\u00eb vitin 1996 Mali i Zi m\u00eb shum\u00eb ta kujtonte nj\u00eb sistem\u00a0de facto<\/em>\u00a0nj\u00ebpartiak se nj\u00eb sistem demokratik pluralist. N\u00eb qershor 1991, krer\u00ebt e Lidhjes s\u00eb Komunist\u00ebve t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi (SKC), Momir Bulatovi\u0107-i, Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107-i dhe Svetozar Marovi\u0107-i, duke e ndjekur shembullin e aleatit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Beograd, Milo\u0161evi\u0107-it, e transformuan at\u00eb parti n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Demokratike t\u00eb Socialist\u00ebve (DPS).<\/p>\n

DPS-ja e dominoi sken\u00ebn politike n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi, duke fituar bindsh\u00ebm n\u00eb zgjedhjet parlamentare. Por, pas vitit 1997, numri dy i partis\u00eb, kryeministri karizmatik malazez \u0110ukanovi\u0107 vendosi q\u00eb ishte koha t\u2019i ndante udh\u00ebt me Milo\u0161evi\u0107-in dhe nacionalizmin serb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb ai hasi n\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb nga Presidenti malazez Bulatovi\u0107.<\/p>\n

Por, p\u00ebr shkak q\u00eb nuk e pranoi vij\u00ebn e re partiake t\u00eb moderimit, ky i fundit u p\u00ebrjashtua nga partia q\u00eb e udh\u00ebheqte dhe e krijoi partin\u00eb e re, Partin\u00eb Socialiste Popullore (SNP), por me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn asnj\u00ebhere nuk arriti ta rivalizonte DPS-n\u00eb e \u0110ukanovi\u0107-it i cili akoma edhe sot, tridhjet\u00eb vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, vazhdon ta mbizot\u00ebroj\u00eb sken\u00ebn politike malazeze, i pashqet\u00ebsuar nga ndonj\u00eb opozit\u00eb serioze.<\/p>\n

DPS-ja edhe m\u00eb von\u00eb ka pasur disa ndarje t\u00eb vogla, por t\u00eb cilat nuk e kan\u00eb l\u00ebkundur nga pozita e partis\u00eb s\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb vend. Nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, ndarje fraksionesh ka pasur edhe nga SNP-ja e Bulatovi\u0107-it. N\u00eb vitin 2015 u krijua \u201cMali i Zi demokratik\u201d prej ish-an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb SNP-s\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet e vitit 2016 mor\u00ebn 8 ul\u00ebse, krahas 3 ul\u00ebseve t\u00eb SNP-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, fenomeni i ndarjes s\u00eb partive politike as nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar n\u00eb Ballkan dhe as nuk mund t\u2019i atribuohet vet\u00ebm Ballkanit, p\u00ebrndryshe do t\u00eb bimim n\u00eb grack\u00ebn e \u201cballkanizimit\u201d \u2013 term ky aq i dashur p\u00ebr lexuesin grotesk t\u00eb zhvillimeve politike n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rajon. Por, natyrisht, duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb regjion q\u00eb akoma s\u2019i ka mbushur tri dekada t\u00eb sistemit politik pluralist, Ballkani \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me problemin e ndarjeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme brenda partive politike q\u00eb ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb fragmentarizimin e sken\u00ebs politike, pa\u00e7ka q\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb prej vendeve t\u00eb rajonit sistemi elektoral i favorizon partit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kjo trajtes\u00eb e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb pes\u00eb pjes\u00eb do ta shtjelloj\u00eb historikun e ndarjes s\u00eb partive politike n\u00eb rajonin e Ballkanit. Pjesa e par\u00eb dhe e dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb analizojn\u00eb historikun e ndarjeve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, me \u00e7\u2019rast pjesa e par\u00eb do t\u00eb merret vet\u00ebm me ndarjen e Vet\u00ebvendosjes, duke qen\u00eb rasti m\u00eb i fresk\u00ebt, gjersa pjesa […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":411,"featured_media":7972,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[988,1289,1288,1287,971],"ppma_author":[768],"class_list":["post-6014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ballkani-perendimor","tag-bosnje-e-hercegovine","tag-kroaci","tag-mal-i-zi","tag-serbi"],"authors":[{"term_id":768,"user_id":411,"is_guest":0,"slug":"fitim-salihu","display_name":"Fitim Salihu","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Fitim-Salihu-e1701268592693.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Fitim-Salihu-e1701268592693.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Salihu","first_name":"Fitim","description":"Fitim Salihu \u00ebsht\u00eb politolog dhe merret kryesisht me studime kulturore e me studime t\u00eb Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, me theks t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr Lindjen e Mesme, ShBA-n\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00ebn Latine. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ka punuar si redaktor i kultur\u00ebs n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn \"Z\u00ebri\", shkruan si kolumnist p\u00ebr gazet\u00ebn kroate \"Bilten\" dhe punon si hulumtues shkencor p\u00ebr disa institute vendore e t\u00eb jashtme."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/411"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6014"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8300,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions\/8300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6014"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}