{"id":6039,"date":"2021-12-21T16:23:48","date_gmt":"2021-12-21T14:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=6039"},"modified":"2024-10-11T16:27:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T14:27:15","slug":"efektet-nderbrezore-te-traumes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/efektet-nderbrezore-te-traumes\/","title":{"rendered":"Efektet nd\u00ebrbrezore t\u00eb traum\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kan\u00eb kaluar 22 vjet q\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfundimi i luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. P\u00ebrderisa disa nga d\u00ebmet \u2013 kryesisht ato materiale \u2013 q\u00eb jan\u00eb shkaktuar n\u00eb popullsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb rikuperohen, t\u00eb tjerat, si ato psikologjike, jan\u00eb akoma prezente. Dhuna e t\u00eb gjitha formave e ushtruar ndaj civil\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb ka bartur me vet\u00eb shum\u00eb pasoja. Gra, vajza por edhe burra jan\u00eb dhunuar seksualisht gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 98-99. Dhunimi seksual u p\u00ebrdor si nj\u00eb \u201cmjet lufte\u201d me pasoja t\u00eb r\u00ebnda dhe me efekte multidimensionale q\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb trauma afatgjata. Vler\u00ebsohet se jan\u00eb 10.000 gra, vajza dhe burra q\u00eb jan\u00eb dhunuar seksualisht gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Por, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb n\u00ebnvizohet fakti se pasojat e traum\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar nuk jan\u00eb kufizuar vet\u00ebm te t\u00eb mbijetuarit nga ky akt makab\u00ebr, por jan\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara edhe te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe an\u00ebtaret e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes.<\/p>\n

Trauma nd\u00ebrbrezore<\/a>, e cila n\u00eb literatur\u00eb nganj\u00ebher\u00eb haset edhe me termin \u201ctraum\u00eb trans-gjenerative\u201d, p\u00ebrkufizohet si trauma q\u00eb transmetohet nga ata persona q\u00eb e p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nj\u00eb ngjarje t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, te brezat pasardh\u00ebs. Kjo lloj traume mund t\u00eb filloj\u00eb me nj\u00eb ngjarje traumatike q\u00eb prek nj\u00eb individ, ngjarje traumatike q\u00eb prekin an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb t\u00eb familjes, ose trauma kolektive q\u00eb prek grupet\/popullatat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, kulturore, racore, etnike ose t\u00eb tjera (trauma historike).<\/p>\n

Trauma nd\u00ebrbrezore mund t\u00eb shfaqet t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb familjeve, prind\u00ebrit ose gjysh\u00ebrit e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar ngjarje traumatike t\u00eb tilla si lufta, persekutimi, abuzimi seksual ose dhuna. Personat q\u00eb e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar traum\u00ebn fillestare, n\u00ebse nuk kan\u00eb pasur mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb rikuperohen prej saj, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe nip\u00ebrit e tyre gjithashtu mund t\u2019i ndiejn\u00eb efektet e traum\u00ebs \u2013 edhe pse ata nuk e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar at\u00eb nga dora e par\u00eb. T\u00eb mbijetuarit shpesh ua transmetojn\u00eb traum\u00ebn gjeneratave t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme kur nuk arrijn\u00eb ta diagnostikojn\u00eb at\u00eb ose nuk kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces sh\u00ebrimi \u2013 ose, natyrisht, n\u00ebse efekti i traum\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht tep\u00ebr i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u tejkaluar.<\/p>\n

Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave shkencore, ndon\u00ebse shum\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara dhe t\u00eb paplota, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar se prevalenca e simptomave t\u00eb stresit post-traumatik (PTSD) te grat\u00eb dhe vajzat shqiptare n\u00eb fund t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1999 ishte\u00a020%<\/a>, kurse m\u00eb 2005 arriti n\u00eb\u00a022.7%<\/a>. \u00c7rregullimi i stresit post-traumatik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje e sh\u00ebndetit mendor q\u00eb shkaktohet nga nj\u00eb ngjarje e tmerrshme \u2013 duke e p\u00ebrjetuar at\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb ose duke qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar i asaj ngjarjeje. Simptomat e PTSD n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi grupohen n\u00eb kat\u00ebr lloje: kujtime nd\u00ebrhyr\u00ebse, shmangie, ndryshime negative n\u00eb t\u00eb menduar dhe humor, si dhe ndryshime n\u00eb reagimet fizike dhe emocionale t\u00eb individit. Mir\u00ebpo, simptomat mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb me kalimin e koh\u00ebs ose mund t\u00eb dallojn\u00eb nga personi n\u00eb person. Por, personat me PTSD mund t\u2019i shmangin situatat ose njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb u kujtojn\u00eb atyre ngjarjen traumatike dhe mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb reagime t\u00eb forta negative edhe ndaj di\u00e7kaje aq t\u00eb zakonshme si\u00a0nj\u00eb zhurm\u00eb e madhe ose nj\u00eb prekje e rast\u00ebsishme<\/a>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nivel global jan\u00eb shum\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb dokumentuara pasojat e dhun\u00ebs dhe tortur\u00ebs seksuale te grat\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb t\u00eb evidentuara edhe efektet negative t\u00eb konflikteve t\u00eb armatosura n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor t\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb k\u00ebto tortura n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. Mir\u00ebpo, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se ka mjaftuesh\u00ebm studime t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb thelluara dhe t\u00eb realizuara me metoda rigoroze shkencore. Por, fatmir\u00ebsisht, k\u00ebt\u00eb vit nj\u00eb studim i till\u00eb me titull: \u201cEfektet nd\u00ebrbrezore t\u00eb PTSD-s\u00eb s\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs mbi reaktivitetin e kortizolit dhe rregullimin epigjenetik te pasardh\u00ebsit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nga \u201cQendra Kosovare p\u00ebr Rehabilitimin e t\u00eb Mbijetuarve t\u00eb Tortur\u00ebs\u201d, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim edhe autor\u00eb nga universitete dhe institucione kredibile nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimi i studimit ishte t\u00eb gjurmoj\u00eb lidhjen kazuale n\u00eb mes t\u00eb stresit post-traumatik prezent gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb te n\u00ebnat e mbijetuara nga dhuna seksuale gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs, si dhe ndryshimeve t\u00eb mundshme epigjenetike t\u00eb bartura te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e ekspozuar ndaj stresit post-traumatik gjat\u00eb zhvillimit prenatal. Ky hulumtim serioz shkencor i botuar n\u00eb revist\u00ebn\u00a0Epigenomics<\/em>\u00a0ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb 117 n\u00ebna t\u00eb mbijetuara t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs seksuale gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb dhe po ashtu 117 prej f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl. Nga t\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim,\u00a084 prej tyre kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb diagnostikuara me stres post-traumatik gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Studimi vjen n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim po ashtu se 30% e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve kan\u00eb shfaqur nivele anormale t\u00eb kortizolit n\u00eb gjak. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt e lindur nga n\u00ebnat me stres post-traumatik gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb kishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar nivele t\u00eb larta t\u00eb kortizolit (15.5% mbi mesataren), n\u00eb krahasim me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e lindur nga n\u00ebnat pa stres post-traumatik gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, stresi post-traumatik te n\u00ebnat u raportua t\u00eb jet\u00eb i lidhur edhe me metilizimin diferencial t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb, q\u00eb v\u00ebrteton se ndryshimet n\u00eb ADN-n\u00eb e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb bartura.<\/p>\n

Edhe gjetjet e studimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart, si dhe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb identifikuara n\u00eb studime nga vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, tregojn\u00eb se pasojat e dhun\u00ebs dhe tortur\u00ebs seksuale te grat\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb edhe te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, kryesisht p\u00ebrmes ADN-s\u00eb. Implikimet e k\u00ebtij transferimi t\u00eb traum\u00ebs jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, pasi ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb tek aft\u00ebsit\u00eb vet\u00ebrregulluese t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs, gj\u00eb q\u00eb prek sh\u00ebndetin mendor dhe ndikon direkt n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb gjenerate t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb. Po ashtu, d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e tjera shkencore sugjerojn\u00eb se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e lindur nga grat\u00eb me \u00e7rregullim t\u00eb stresit post-traumatik kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb ken\u00eb\u00a0probleme t\u00eb sjelljes dhe klinike<\/a>, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb\u00a0simptomat e PTSD<\/a>, si dhe probleme t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor dhe fizik.<\/p>\n

R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e ekzaminimit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb lindur nga grat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar dhun\u00eb apo tortur\u00eb seksuale gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e madhe. N\u00eb fakt, jemi vonuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Kosova i ka kaluar dy dekada nga p\u00ebrfundimi i luft\u00ebs dhe nuk kemi trajtim serioz t\u00eb asnj\u00eb forme \u2013 n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti nga ana e institucioneve publike \u2013 t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, n\u00ebnat e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar dhun\u00eb seksuale gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs. K\u00ebt\u00eb barr\u00eb e kan\u00eb pasur p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr organizatat joqeveritare n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebr vite me radh\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar me t\u00eb mbijetuarat e dhun\u00ebs seksuale gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs, duke u ofruar mb\u00ebshtetje dhe ndihm\u00eb profesionale.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb ofrohet mb\u00ebshtetje, kujdes dhe trajtim i vazhduesh\u00ebm profesional p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar dhun\u00eb seksuale, tortur\u00eb ose ngjarje t\u00eb tjera traumatike gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Po ashtu, duhet t\u00eb mund\u00ebsohen intervenime efektive q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb shk\u00ebputjen e zinxhirit t\u00eb traum\u00ebs nd\u00ebrbrezore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, gjetjet e dala nga studimi i p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, por edhe nga studime tjera q\u00eb jan\u00eb kryer n\u00eb vende q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar luft\u00eb, do t\u2019u sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb mjaft mir\u00eb institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore q\u00eb t\u00eb organizojn\u00eb intervenime profesionale p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e lindur nga n\u00ebnat viktima t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs seksuale. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb organizohen fushata sensibilizuese dhe vet\u00ebdijesuese n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb shoq\u00ebria t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb perceptim tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr viktimat e dhun\u00ebs seksuale dhe p\u00ebr familjet e tyre. Fushata t\u00eb tilla do t\u00eb ndikonin q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb ulet t\u00eb stigm\u00ebs dhe paragjykimeve n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi ndaj t\u00eb mbijetuarve t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs seksuale.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb esenciale q\u00eb brezi i ri q\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb ekspozuar nj\u00eb traume t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje adekuate gjat\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrja dhe trajtimi t\u00eb ken\u00eb efektin e duhur. Gjendja psikologjike e k\u00ebtyre f\u00ebmij\u00ebve mund te\u0308 p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet n\u00ebse ata nuk i n\u00ebnshtrohen nj\u00eb trajtimi adekuat. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb ne\u0308 funksionimin kognitiv dhe emocional mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb prezente n\u00ebse ato mbesin te\u0308 patrajtuara. Vet\u00ebm me trajtim adekuat t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj problematike do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr brezin e ri, i cili padrejt\u00ebsisht i \u00ebsht\u00eb ekspozuar nj\u00eb traume t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kan\u00eb kaluar 22 vjet q\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfundimi i luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. P\u00ebrderisa disa nga d\u00ebmet \u2013 kryesisht ato materiale \u2013 q\u00eb jan\u00eb shkaktuar n\u00eb popullsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb rikuperohen, t\u00eb tjerat, si ato psikologjike, jan\u00eb akoma prezente. Dhuna e t\u00eb gjitha formave e ushtruar ndaj civil\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb ka bartur me vet\u00eb shum\u00eb pasoja. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":334,"featured_media":8264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1237,1274,1275],"ppma_author":[346],"class_list":["post-6039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-shendeti-mendor","tag-trauma","tag-trauma-nderbrezore"],"authors":[{"term_id":346,"user_id":334,"is_guest":0,"slug":"violeta-zefi","display_name":"Violeta Zefi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ssjdoals-e1776417820433.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Zefi","first_name":"Violeta","description":"Violeta Zefi ka ndjekur studimet themelore dhe ato master, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Psikologjis\u00eb, n\u00eb Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 2017 ka p\u00ebrfunduar studimet e doktorat\u00ebs n\u00eb Masaryk University, Republik\u00eb \u00c7eke. Aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebruese n\u00eb Kolegjin \u201cUBT\u201d, dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ndjek specializimin n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e \u201cPsikologjis\u00eb Klinike\u201d. Nga viti 2006 ka punuar p\u00ebr organizata t\u00eb ndryshme vendore dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebrpos ligj\u00ebrimit ajo punon edhe si Psikologe n\u00eb Asociacionin Kosovar t\u00eb Personave q\u00eb Jetojn\u00eb me HIV\/AIDS (n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Global Fund p\u00ebr HIV\/AIDS) dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e angazhuar si psikologe, konsulente dhe trajnere n\u00eb projekte t\u00eb ndryshme."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/334"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6039"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8265,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6039\/revisions\/8265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6039"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}