{"id":6152,"date":"2020-01-29T14:14:08","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T12:14:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=6152"},"modified":"2024-10-16T14:45:48","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T12:45:48","slug":"mania-per-me-kritikue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/kritike\/mania-per-me-kritikue\/","title":{"rendered":"Mania p\u00ebr me kritikue"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kultura e t\u00eb folunit te populli shqiptar ishte njana prej tipareve ma t\u00eb va\u00e7ueme dhe mbetet d\u00ebshmi e vlerave t\u00eb mo\u00e7me e t\u00eb nalta prej shekujsh t\u00eb tan\u00eb. Ishte dukuni e rrall\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb bante p\u00ebr vete, bukuria dhe madh\u00ebshtia e t\u00eb folunit shqiptar, megjith\u00ebse ishte e folun e nji populli t\u00eb paarsimuem, t\u00eb mahnitte me cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e rralla, q\u00eb shpaloseshin me t\u00ebhollimin aq t\u00eb bukur e t\u00eb rrjedhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb llafit. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet forc\u00ebs s\u00eb fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb tyne ke m\u00ebsue n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shnosh\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa gjykimi i tyne ka rrjedh sikur t\u00eb kishin krye shkoll\u00ebn e artit t\u00eb gojtaris\u00eb. E parme ka ken\u00eb q\u00eb, ata q\u00eb folin p\u00ebr probleme me rand\u00ebsi shoqnore, t\u00eb ndjekin nji rend t\u00eb caktuem, tue i l\u00ebshue rendin me fol t\u00eb parit t\u00eb moshuemit, dhe atyre q\u00eb mirreshin si ma t\u00eb ditunit, sidomos, k\u00ebshillohej t\u00eb flitnin tue peshue mir\u00eb e mir\u00eb fjal\u00ebt, ashtu q\u00eb mos me lejue kurr\u00eb me shtrembue fjal\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Disa njer\u00ebz besojn\u00eb se kan\u00eb lindun me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019i gjykue t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kur i referohemi fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb, e sotmja nuk i puq t\u00eb kaluemen dhe t\u00eb tashmen. Ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb demokraci fjala e lir\u00eb asht e drejt\u00eb e pakontestueshme, porse, jo gjithnji fjala po asht p\u00ebr\u00e7uese e ideve e mendimeve produktive t\u00eb duhuna. K\u00ebshilla e Ciceronit se,\u00a0\u201cNjeriu<\/em>\u00a0duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb kujdes \u00e7ka flet, n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb vendi flet dhe n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre flet\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0nuk i hyn n\u00eb pun\u00eb kurrkujt. Tue pa tansin\u00eb e diskursit t\u00eb shoqnis\u00eb son\u00eb, fjala e lir\u00eb kuptimisht po shkrihet n\u00eb shp\u00ebrdorim, me te tana m\u00ebnyrat e hap\u00ebsinat e pushtetit t\u00eb saj. \u00c7lirimi krahas ndryshimeve t\u00eb q\u00eb solli, hov i dha edhe fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb, e cila \u2018at\u00ebbot\u00eb\u2019 jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb ishte e mohueme, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb saj, njer\u00ebzit d\u00ebnoheshin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat nga ma \u00e7njer\u00ebzoret. Me gjas\u00eb, kjo dhe asht arsyeja pse na jemi t\u2019uritun m\u2019u shpreh, me kumtue mendimet; g\u00ebzuem t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e fjal\u00ebs deri n\u00eb cakun ma t\u00eb tejm\u00eb t\u00eb saj, pa \u00e7a kryet p\u00ebr shkeljen q\u00eb u shkaktojm\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, p\u00ebr faktin se nuk dim\u00eb q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb kufij q\u00eb ndajn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn dhe shkeljen.<\/p>\n

Forca e rrjeteve sociale po u jep p\u00ebrdoruesve mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u2019i bajn\u00eb opinionet e tyne t\u00eb lexueme nga nji mas\u00eb e madhe, ka ndihmue poashtu n\u00eb kultivimin e nji \u201cfortese t\u00eb zem\u00ebrimit\u201d q\u00eb, sipas ekspert\u00ebve, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnon bisedat e dobishme. Lajmet e egra p\u00ebrmes mediave sociale mund t\u00eb formojn\u00eb emocione morale n\u2019at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ta bajn\u00eb ma t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ndryshimin e shoqnis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Disa studime psikologjike sugjerojn\u00eb se \u201cefekti i mosnd\u00ebshkimit online\u201d \u2013 kur njer\u00ebzit nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb me njani-tjetrin online n\u00eb nji m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb silleshin po t\u00eb flisnin ball\u00eb p\u00ebr ball\u00eb \u2013 i kontribuon zem\u00ebrimit n\u00eb median sociale.\u00a0\u201cKur ju nuk e shihni personin para jush, nuk mund t\u2019i gjykoni emocionet e tij\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

E pastajme asht dhe kur luhet me fatin e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndonji fatkeq\u00ebsie q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur viktima kthehet n\u00eb personazh mediatik, me jav\u00eb t\u00eb tana. Kur njihesh me p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjen pik\u00eb p\u00ebr pik\u00eb t\u00eb krimit, nga nji familje n\u00eb nji tjet\u00ebr, tue ba gjyqin se kush pati fajin e kush jo, pa iu hye teorive t\u00eb komunikimit mbi t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e informimit, them se k\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb ndalohet q\u00eb krimet monstruoze t\u00eb jepen me imt\u00ebsi dhe vrull n\u00eb media.<\/p>\n

Fjala e lir\u00eb asht n\u00eb kriz\u00eb dhe si e till\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk ka ken\u00eb ma e lir\u00eb dhe ma e parregullueme. Keqp\u00ebrdoret deri n\u2019at\u00eb mas\u00eb, sa q\u00eb tjetri me jetue me frik\u00eb e dyshim, ku e v\u00ebrteta dhe e pav\u00ebrteta p\u00ebrzihen mundimsh\u00ebm. Nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb rralla rastet kur ka edhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime me vdejkje, sidomos figurat politike, si\u00e7 asht rasti i fundit ku n\u00eb nji postim n\u00eb facebook an\u00ebtari i Nism\u00ebs Haxhi Hoti k\u00ebrc\u00ebnon me vdekje kandidatin p\u00ebr kryeminist\u00ebr Albin Kurtin. Raste t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta kudo n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb, ku poletikan\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb marrin k\u00ebrcnime me heqjen e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr jet\u00eb. Nji raport i publikuem n\u00eb tetor t\u00eb vitit 2018 nga Instituti WebRoots Democracy me seli n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, n\u00eb lidhje me abuzimin online t\u00eb debatit politik, konstaton se media sociale po bahet nji mjedis armiq\u00ebsor p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb shprehin mendime politike. Web Roots Democracy thot\u00eb se qeverit\u00eb, individ\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin median sociale duhet t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr abuzimit n\u2019internet.<\/p>\n

Fyerjet publike, fjalori i ul\u00ebt, shpifjet q\u00eb prekin dinjitetin e tjetrit me identitete t\u00eb rreme, tue shkaktue konflikte me ndikim psikologjik n\u00eb te tana format e dhun\u00ebs verbale, psikike deri te ajo fizike. T\u00eb qenunit anonim u jep rahatllakun e\u00a0 opinionbamj\u00ebs dhe komunikimi bahet ma interesant, intensiv e agresiv, tue kalue n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet p\u00ebr\u00e7amjes s\u00eb struktur\u00ebs sociale, shpeshher\u00eb me tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb deformimit t\u00eb realitetit. Shakaja online asht kthye n\u2019industri t\u00eb zhvillueme e t\u00eb fuqishme, fal\u2019 s\u00eb cil\u00ebs fyemjet dhe rrenat hidhen n\u00ebp\u00ebr televizione, radio, n\u2019internet dhe n\u00eb shtyp pa asnji problem. Jan\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht zhvillimet teknologjike ato q\u00eb kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsue e sofistikue realizimin e liris\u00eb s\u00eb shprehjes, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb, t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb e t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Past\u00ebrtin\u00eb e fjal\u00ebs e mat niveli i sedr\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shprehit\u00eb e sjelljes dhe edukat\u00ebs te populli jon\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb arrit nivelin e duhun kulturor sa me ken\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me sjelljen korrekte, q\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb liri me e p\u00ebrdor me matuni. Jo rrall\u00ebher\u00eb gjuha e urrejtjes dhe fyerjet jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb dominojn\u00eb n\u2019ushtrimin e fjal\u00ebs lir\u00eb. Kujtohen m\u2019u marr\u00eb me gjana t\u00eb holla, pa asnji barazpesh\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsie, logjikisht jokorrekte, pale ma gramatikisht, yshtin turli debate n\u00eb frym\u00eb llafollogjie \u00e7lodh\u00ebse, p\u00ebr \u00e7do gja dhe kurdoher\u00eb ka dy tabor\u00eb,\u00a0ku cenohen a mbrohen nga kufizimet ligjore.<\/strong>\u00a0Kjo liri e ushtrueme p\u00ebrmes mjeteve t\u00eb komunikimit asht kthye n\u00eb nji mjet abuzimi t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave dhe lirive t\u00eb njeriut.\u00a0\u201cMediat sociale u kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e fjal\u00ebs budallenjve\u201d.\u00a0<\/em>K\u00ebto jan\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e shkrimtarit e filozofit t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm italian, Umberto Eco, n\u00eb ceremonin\u00eb e dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb titullit \u201cHonoris Causa\u201d n\u00eb Universitetin e Torinos, p\u00ebr merita n\u00eb \u00e7ashtje t\u00eb komunikimit, kultur\u00ebs dhe medias. Asht ba e mod\u00ebs p\u00ebrqeshja, si pjes\u00eb e paranoj\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. Nuk asht thjesht \u00e7ashtje \u201cofendimi\u201d ka than\u00eb Judith Butler, nji teoriciene kulturore dhe profesoresh\u00eb n\u00eb \u201cBerkeley\u201d, \u00a0e nj\u00ebjta, lidhun me k\u00ebt\u00eb gjithashtu ka than\u00eb se;\u00a0\u201cN\u00ebse fjala e lir\u00eb ka p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi mbi \u00e7do parim tjet\u00ebr kushtetues dhe \u00e7do parim tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb komunitetit, at\u00ebher\u00eb ndoshta nuk duhet t\u00eb pretendojm\u00eb m\u00eb duke peshuar ose balancuar parimet ose vlerat konkurruese<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kufizimet legjitime t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baz\u00ebn juridike p\u00ebr lirin\u00eb e fjal\u00ebs e hasim pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, n\u2019aktet themelore t\u2019OKB-s\u00eb, respektivisht n\u00eb Deklarat\u00ebn Universale p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut, q\u00eb mbahet si dokument themeltar juridik-nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr standardet e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut. N\u00eb nenin 29 t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj Deklarate p\u00ebrcaktohet:\u00a0\u201cUshtrimi i t\u00eb drejtave dhe lirive t\u00eb \u00e7donj\u00ebrit \u00ebsht\u00eb subjekt i kufizimeve si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktuar me ligj, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurohet njohja dhe respektimi i nevojsh\u00ebm i t\u00eb drejtave dhe lirive t\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Neni 19(3) i KNDCP na rikujton se t\u00eb drejtat e rendituna mbajn\u00eb n\u00eb vete detyrime dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi speciale. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton se liria e t\u00eb shprehunit dhe e mediave asht nji e drejt\u00eb shum\u00eb e ndjeshme, e cila duhet t\u00eb menaxhohet me shum\u00eb kujdes. Disa p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb me arsyet p\u00ebr ndalesa p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e shprehjes, ku nuk ka asnj\u00eb ndales\u00eb legjitime p\u00ebr lirin\u00eb e t\u00eb menduemit. Sipas Nenit 19 (3), tri lloje t\u00eb ndalesave jan\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet legjislacionit dhe q\u00eb jan\u00eb konsiderue t\u00eb nevojshme:<\/p>\n

-P\u00ebr respektimin e t\u00eb drejtave dhe reptuacionit t\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve<\/strong><\/p>\n

-P\u00ebr mbrojtjen e siguris\u00eb nacionale apo rregullit publik (publicotrder)<\/strong><\/p>\n

-P\u00ebr mbrojtjen e sh\u00ebndetit publik apo moralit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zbatimi dhe v\u00ebzhgimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka shum\u00eb lloje t\u00eb mjeteve dhe procedurave p\u00ebr zbatimin e liris\u00eb s\u00eb shprehjes. N\u00eb rend t\u00eb par\u00eb asht obligim i shteteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb lirit\u00eb n\u00eb ligjet e tyre dhe t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb mjete kompensimi n\u00eb rast t\u00eb shkeljes me paramendim. Njashtu, ligjet dhe rregulloret e ndryshme t\u00eb mediave dhe t\u00eb komunikimit jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb rand\u00ebsishme. Ato mund t\u00eb bajn\u00eb instrumente komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimit\u00a0 \u00a0\u2013 si k\u00ebshillat mediale apo t\u00eb shtypit \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u2019i rregullue n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti mediat, t\u00eb cilat shum\u00eb shpesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb formueme nga ekspert\u00eb a nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb shoqnis\u00eb civile. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb rregullohet sektori i tana mediave p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb sigurue standarde kualitative, shteti mundet me l\u00ebshue<\/a>\u00a0licenca, t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb hartohen mbi baza jodiskriminuese, si dhe duhet kultivue\u00a0 diverzitetin kulturor dhe toleranc\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kultura e t\u00eb folunit te populli shqiptar ishte njana prej tipareve ma t\u00eb va\u00e7ueme dhe mbetet d\u00ebshmi e vlerave t\u00eb mo\u00e7me e t\u00eb nalta prej shekujsh t\u00eb tan\u00eb. Ishte dukuni e rrall\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb bante p\u00ebr vete, bukuria dhe madh\u00ebshtia e t\u00eb folunit shqiptar, megjith\u00ebse ishte e folun e nji populli t\u00eb paarsimuem, t\u00eb mahnitte […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":500,"featured_media":8381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[1322],"ppma_author":[1321],"class_list":["post-6152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kritike","tag-kritike"],"authors":[{"term_id":1321,"user_id":500,"is_guest":0,"slug":"arta-maxhuni","display_name":"Arta Maxhuni","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ba6110506929dbff74e6fb24e40612a4855c02b9e5ec6b970d64bc12716b5f22?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Maxhuni","first_name":"Arta","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/500"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6152"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8380,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6152\/revisions\/8380"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6152"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=6152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}