{"id":7246,"date":"2024-08-21T14:22:38","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T13:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7246"},"modified":"2024-08-21T14:22:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T13:22:45","slug":"investimet-si-faktor-i-zhvillimit-ekonomik-ne-kosove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/investimet-si-faktor-i-zhvillimit-ekonomik-ne-kosove\/","title":{"rendered":"Investimet si faktor i zhvillimit ekonomik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Konsumi dhe investimet e p\u00ebrgjithshme vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbeten shtyt\u00ebsit kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb rritjes ekonomike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb investimet t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb efektive n\u00eb zhvillimin e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, nevojitet orientimi i tyre drejt projekteve q\u00eb garantojn\u00eb kthim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb investimit.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin e kaluar, formimi i kapitalit bruto n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb arriti vler\u00ebn e mbi <\/span>3 miliard\u00eb euro<\/span><\/a>. Rreth 85% e k\u00ebtij kapitali \u00ebsht\u00eb investuar nga sektori privat, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson investimet publike. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, investimet e huaja direkte (IHD) arrit\u00ebn vler\u00ebn prej rreth 840 milion\u00eb euro.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb zhvillim m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ekonomik, lloji i investimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm sesa vlera e investimeve. Tutje, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb investimet e Qeveris\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn, duke prioritizuar n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb projekteve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politikat e Qeveris\u00eb ndaj investimeve kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb pakta<\/b><\/p>\n

Qeveria aktuale ka filluar mandatin duke u munduar t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb kapital nga jasht\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb ashtuquajturave \u201cbono t\u00eb diaspor\u00ebs\u201d, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb bliheshin p\u00ebrmes bankave lokale edhe nga banor\u00ebt rezident\u00eb. Gjithsesi, kjo metod\u00eb e t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb kapitalit nuk rezultoi shum\u00eb e suksesshme, pasi edhe nuk u p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit thirrja.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rishtazi, \u00ebsht\u00eb miratuar <\/span>Ligji p\u00ebr Investime t\u00eb Q\u00ebndrueshme<\/span><\/a>, i cili kaloi edhe testin e Gjykat\u00ebs Kushtetuese. Ky ligj synon t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrkrah\u00eb investimet dhe eksportet, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb prioritet kryesor sektor\u00ebve t\u00eb caktuar, si: industria prodhuese dhe p\u00ebrpunuese, bujq\u00ebsia dhe teknologjia e informacionit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse infrastruktura ligjore \u00ebsht\u00eb faktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr promovimin e investimeve, dinamika e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Qeveris\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuese m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Investimet publike duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb intensifikuara dhe t\u00eb komplementojn\u00eb investimet private, t\u00eb cilat synojn\u00eb rritjen e produktivitetit t\u00eb firmave dhe nivelin e eksporteve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Investimet publike kan\u00eb humbur primatin si kategoria kryesore e shpenzimeve qeveritare<\/b><\/p>\n

Grafiku m\u00eb posht\u00eb paraqet trendin e investimeve publike dhe private, si p\u00ebrqindje e Prodhimit t\u00eb Brendsh\u00ebm Bruto (GDP) n\u00eb dhjet\u00eb vitet e fundit n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. N\u00eb pes\u00eb vitet e fundit, investimet private kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb shtyt\u00ebs i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i rritjes ekonomike. Investimet publike, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, kan\u00eb regjistruar trendin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit \u2013 edhe n\u00ebse e shikojm\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00eb monetare.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse vendi ende ka munges\u00eb t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs q\u00eb do ta leht\u00ebsonte qarkullimin, investimet kapitale nuk kan\u00eb pesh\u00ebn kryesore n\u00eb buxhetin e shtetit. Pra, shumica e qyteteve, e sidomos Prishtina, kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e unazave t\u00eb jashtme. Rrug\u00ebt nacionale q\u00eb lidhin Prishtin\u00ebn me Pej\u00ebn, Mitrovic\u00ebn apo Gjilanin, ende nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar. Gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto vonesa kan\u00eb rezultuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb norm\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb shpenzimeve kapitale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Investimet kapitale ishin <\/span>kategoria kryesore<\/span><\/a> e shpenzimeve n\u00eb vitin 2013; pastaj, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve 2014-2019, shpenzimet qeveritare u dominuan nga kategoria e pagave dhe m\u00ebditjeve; dhe, q\u00eb nga viti 2020, subvencionet dhe transferet paraqesin kategorin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb shpenzimeve, duke arritur n\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb miliard euro.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme sesa vlera e investimeve publike \u00ebsht\u00eb lloji i atyre investimeve dhe ndikimi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshimin e modelit ekonomik. <\/span>Buxheti i vitit 2024<\/span><\/a> ka t\u00eb planifikuar nd\u00ebrtimin e dhjet\u00ebra shkollave t\u00eb reja n\u00ebp\u00ebr fshatra t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb vendit, pa num\u00ebruar shkollat n\u00eb zonat urbane p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nevoj\u00eb urgjente.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrtimi i shkollave t\u00eb reja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb investim i keq n\u00eb vetvete, por \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb merret parasysh numri i nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb ato fshatra dhe trendi i migrimit. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, shkollat fillore n\u00eb lagjet ku numri i banor\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksponenciale (p.sh., \u201cRruga C\u201d n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb) ende nuk kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Investimet private kan\u00eb pesh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb trendin e rritjes ekonomike<\/b><\/p>\n

U mblodh\u00ebn bashk\u00eb biznesmen\u00ebt dhe investitor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb vendit. Q\u00ebllimi i tyre ishte t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb investim madhor, ndoshta m\u00eb i madhi n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit. G\u00ebrshetimi i dijes, p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs dhe ambicies s\u00eb tyre, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb prodhonte ndonj\u00eb inovacion q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndikonte n\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, prodhoi vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb re tregtare. Nga investimet e tilla, efekti z\u00ebvend\u00ebsues dominon \u2013 pra, qarkullimi nga nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr tjet\u00ebr, bartet n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e re.<\/span><\/p>\n

Problemi me investimet joproduktive p\u00ebrmendet edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr <\/span>raporte t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore<\/span><\/a>. Ndryshimi i modelit ekonomik, sipas tyre, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebr baz\u00eb rritjen e produktivitetit t\u00eb firmave, fermave dhe zhvillimin e kapitalit human. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, do t\u00eb rriten investimet, eksportet dhe konkurrenca.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vlera e IHD-ve \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb korrelacion pozitiv me trendin e emigrimit<\/b><\/p>\n

Investimet e huaja direkte<\/span><\/a> (IHD) jan\u00eb dyfishuar n\u00eb tri vitet e fundit, kryesisht blerje n\u00eb patundshm\u00ebri nga diaspora.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve per\u00ebndimore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb kredi afatgjat\u00eb p\u00ebr blerje t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, nevojitet leja e p\u00ebrhershme e q\u00ebndrimit. Kjo e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur edhe me nivelin e caktuar t\u00eb njohjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb atij vendi, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebshtu e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb personave.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb pamund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb investuar n\u00eb vendet ku punojn\u00eb, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e diaspor\u00ebs vazhdon t\u00eb blej\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe banesa n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u2013 por edhe ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb leje q\u00ebndrimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme kan\u00eb preferenca t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta. Grafiku m\u00eb posht\u00eb tregon se blerja e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme dhe aktivitetet financiare \u2013 kryesisht afatizimi i depozitave n\u00eb banka \u2013 p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb shumic\u00ebn absolute t\u00eb IHD-ve.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Investimi n\u00eb sektorin e patundshm\u00ebrive \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shtyt\u00ebs i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i rritjes ekonomike, pasi ky sektor pun\u00ebson nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb forc\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore. Por, investimi i diaspor\u00ebs n\u00eb patundshm\u00ebri bart n\u00eb vete edhe nj\u00eb barr\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr banor\u00ebt rezident\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb: rrit ndjesh\u00ebm nivelin e \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb banesave, t\u00eb cilat b\u00ebhen t\u00eb pap\u00ebrballueshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Investimet e huaja nuk kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb transformimin e modelit ekonomik t\u00eb vendit, pasi jan\u00eb t\u00eb fokusuara kryesisht n\u00eb k\u00ebto dy aktivitete. Investimet e huaja t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb fokusuara kryek\u00ebput n\u00eb aktivitete eksportuese jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Transformimi i modelit ekonomik duke u bazuar n\u00eb rritjen e produktivitetit mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nga ardhja e dijes, eksperienc\u00ebs dhe lidhjeve q\u00eb nj\u00eb biznes i huaj i ka. Ky lloj investimi do t\u00eb kishte efekte m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e standardit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs n\u00eb vend.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si p\u00ebrfundim, \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore q\u00eb Qeveria fillimisht t\u2019i p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb projektet kapitale me nj\u00eb dinamik\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe; pastaj, t\u00eb planifikoj\u00eb investimet e ardhshme duke u bazuar n\u00eb nevojat e sektorit privat. Investitor\u00ebt privat\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shohin p\u00ebrtej tregut t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb investimet e tyre t\u00eb mos jen\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuese t\u00eb aktiviteteve ekonomike ekzistuese. Dhe, s\u00eb fundi, investimet e diaspor\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej blerjes s\u00eb banesave dhe patundshm\u00ebrive.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Konsumi dhe investimet e p\u00ebrgjithshme vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbeten shtyt\u00ebsit kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb rritjes ekonomike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb investimet t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb efektive n\u00eb zhvillimin e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, nevojitet orientimi i tyre drejt projekteve q\u00eb garantojn\u00eb kthim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb investimit. N\u00eb vitin e kaluar, formimi i kapitalit bruto n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb arriti vler\u00ebn e […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":7251,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1006,1079,972,624,1049],"ppma_author":[1012],"class_list":["post-7246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-ekonomi","tag-ihd","tag-kosove","tag-kryesore","tag-zhvillimi-ekonomik"],"authors":[{"term_id":1012,"user_id":441,"is_guest":0,"slug":"albian-krasniqi","display_name":"Albian Krasniqi","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/albiani.png"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Krasniqi","first_name":"Albian","description":"Albian Krasniqi \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Teknologjik t\u00eb Dublinit, duke u specializuar p\u00ebr tregun e pun\u00ebs. Paraprakisht ka mbaruar studimet master p\u00ebr ekonomi t\u00eb zhvillimit, n\u00eb Universitetin e Sussexit, n\u00eb Angli. Albiani ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb pune si ekonomist n\u00eb institucionet vendore dhe organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/441"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7246"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7250,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7246\/revisions\/7250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7246"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}