{"id":7634,"date":"2020-10-10T13:32:24","date_gmt":"2020-10-10T11:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7634"},"modified":"2024-09-12T13:33:41","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T11:33:41","slug":"politikanet-ne-kosove-mbajne-inat-qytetaret-e-pesojne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/politikanet-ne-kosove-mbajne-inat-qytetaret-e-pesojne\/","title":{"rendered":"Politikan\u00ebt n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb mbajn\u00eb inat, qytetar\u00ebt e p\u00ebsojn\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qytetar\u00ebt dhe ekonomia n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u2013 viktima t\u00eb luft\u00ebs nd\u00ebrmjet politikan\u00ebve.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjith\u00eb pota po vuaj momentalisht nga pasojat e pandemis\u00eb. Izolimi e b\u00ebn t\u00eb veten mbi sh\u00ebndetin mendor, nd\u00ebrsa mbyllja e jet\u00ebs publike e godet ekonomit\u00eb e \u00e7do vendi. Tregtia globale dhe investimet si dhe t\u00eb ardhurat e shtetit sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb r\u00ebnie, nd\u00ebrsa borxhit publik nuk i shihet fundi. Disa studiues e konsiderojn\u00eb pandemin\u00eb si\u00a0incidenti i tret\u00eb m\u00eb i madh i shekullit t\u00eb 21-t\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0me ndikim global, pas 11 Shtatorit dhe kriz\u00ebs financiare bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb vitit 2008.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb aspektin m\u00eb t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb ekonomik, nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb e gjat\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton m\u00eb shum\u00eb falimentime biznesesh, dhe d\u00ebme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb industri si qendrat tregtare, zinxhir\u00ebt e furnizimit me pakic\u00eb, dhe udh\u00ebtimet turistike.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb dilem\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha shtetet \u00ebsht\u00eb si pengohet virusi dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht t\u00eb nxitet rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbja ekonomike?<\/p>\n

Mbyllja e menj\u00ebhershme<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Rasti i par\u00eb me COVID-19 paraqitet n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb me 13 mars 2020, rastet vazhdimisht jan\u00eb shtuar deri m\u00eb tani.\u00a0Numri total i rasteve pozitive n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb 15,172 raste nga 57,239 persona t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb n\u00eb virusin dhe 615 raste t\u00eb vdekjes.\u00a0Numri i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm<\/a>\u00a0i t\u00eb sh\u00ebruarve deri m\u00eb tani \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithsej 12674, raste, kurse numri i rasteve aktive \u00ebsht\u00eb 8430. Masat parandaluese p\u00ebr p\u00ebrhapjen e virusit ne Kosove filluan t\u00eb marrin konfirmimin e rasteve te para.\u00a0Me 11 mars<\/a>\u00a0u vendos: t\u00eb mbyllen institucionet arsimore, t\u00eb suspendohet trafiku ajror dhe tok\u00ebsor nga vendet e huaja me rrezik, t\u00eb b\u00ebhet kontrolli i obliguar i udh\u00ebtareve nga vendet e prekura nga epidemia dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhet vetizolimi i obliguar p\u00ebr personat q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga shtetet e prekura me virus.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa me\u00a015 prill<\/a>\u00a0hyn\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi masa rigoroze t\u00eb kufizimit t\u00eb liris\u00eb s\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes, duke filluar me 90 minuta n\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb lejuara dhe gradualisht duke u shtuar sipas vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb situat\u00ebs s\u00eb pandemis\u00eb. Duke vler\u00ebsuar se pandemia po menaxhohej mir\u00eb,\u00a0m\u00eb 4 maj me nj\u00eb vendim t\u00eb Ministris\u00eb t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb<\/a>\u00a0filloi hapja graduale ekonomike. Fillimisht u lejuan t\u00eb punojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimtaria, tregtia me pakic\u00eb, gastronomia pastaj ne fazat tjera u lejua t\u00eb punojn\u00eb edhe qendrat tregtare, palestrat, transporti publik dhe hekurudhor etj.<\/p>\n

Me miratimin e masave kufizuese n\u00eb mars 2020, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb kishte r\u00ebnie t\u00eb aktivitetit ekonomik ku efektet jan\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, rritje t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve me kushte t\u00eb r\u00ebnduara t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs, ulje t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs agregate dhe prodhimit, r\u00ebnie t\u00eb t\u00eb hyrave dhe investimeve kapitale, dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Tek t\u00eb hyrat buxhetore, r\u00ebnie t\u00eb theksuar gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb kishin t\u00eb hyrat nga TVSH dhe taksat doganore.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa tek shpenzimet buxhetore, r\u00ebnie t\u00eb theksuar kishin shpenzimet kapitale, ku n\u00eb nivelin qendror r\u00ebnia ishte p\u00ebr 51.3% nd\u00ebrsa tek niveli lokal p\u00ebr 30%. Prodhimi Bruto Vendor i cili n\u00eb vitin 2019 n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, ka qen\u00eb mbi 7.1 miliard\u00eb euro, n\u00eb buxhetin e vitit 2020 ishte planifikuar t\u00eb ket\u00eb rritje dhe at\u00eb n\u00eb 7.4 miliard\u00eb euro. N\u00eb vitin 2020 PBV-ja pritet t\u00eb jet\u00eb rreth 6.8 miliard\u00eb euro.<\/p>\n

Bizneset e vogla n\u00eb goditje<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Bizneset e vogla jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti po e ndjejn\u00eb kriz\u00ebn ekonomike t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, disa prej t\u00eb cilave kriza u ka kushtuar me mbyllje. Nga 13 marsi deri n\u00eb 28 korrik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jan\u00eb\u00a0shuar 255 biznese<\/a>, prej tyre 235 jan\u00eb biznese individuale. Agjensioni Kosovar i Biznesit e vler\u00ebson se k\u00ebt\u00eb vit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rekord n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt. Prandaj n\u00ebse shkon ky trend deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit ne mund t\u00eb kemi t\u00eb mbyllura m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb mij\u00eb kompani dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr shqet\u00ebsuese. Shumica e bizneseve jan\u00eb duke operuar n\u00ebn pik\u00ebn e rentabilitetit. Me rifillimin e pagesave t\u00eb k\u00ebsteve, kamatave dhe tatimeve pas pezullimit tremujor (mars \u2013 qershor) \u00ebsht\u00eb r\u00ebnduar edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb likuiditeti edhe i kompanive m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb vend \u2013 e mos t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr bizneset e vogla.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket ndikimit t\u00eb COVID-19, n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.\u00a0Kosova n\u00eb vitin 2019<\/a>, shkalla e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb ishte 25.7 %, apo n\u00eb numra absolut 125,305 persona t\u00eb papun\u00ebsuar. Nd\u00ebrsa shkalla e pun\u00ebsimit ishte rreth 30.1 %, apo n\u00eb numra absolut, numri i t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve ishte 368.180 persona. N\u00ebse i analizojm\u00eb k\u00ebto shifra ne si shtet edhe ashtu nuk q\u00ebndrojm\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs sa i p\u00ebrket shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit dhe papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, si dhe kemi nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb pun\u00ebs jo q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Kovid-19 mund t\u2019i p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsoj\u00eb numrat ende m\u00eb shum\u00eb. P\u00ebrqindja m\u00eb e madhe e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb kontingjentit t\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jan\u00eb me kontrata t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme, nd\u00ebrsa numri i t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve pa kontrat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 20 %, gj\u00eb q\u00eb kjo kategori do t\u00eb preket m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti nga pandemia.<\/p>\n

Sektori privat i shkat\u00ebrruar nga pandemia<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Si rezultat i gjith\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb priten s\u00eb paku edhe 246.000 persona t\u00eb papun\u00eb nga sektori privat n\u00eb gjysm\u00eb vjetorin e dyt\u00eb. Rritja e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb e rriti edhe numrin e familjeve q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzim t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs sociale.<\/p>\n

\"PoliticariteBurimi: euractiv.com<\/p>\n

Numri i shfryt\u00ebzuesve t\u00eb\u00a0Skem\u00ebs s\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs sociale<\/a>\u00a0n\u00eb janar t\u00eb vitit 2020, ka qen\u00eb 24.229 familje, me 98.214 an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb familjes, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb muajin e fundit n\u00eb korrik kan\u00eb qen\u00eb 24,737 familje. Krahasuar me muajin shkurt, numri i familjeve, shfryt\u00ebzues t\u00eb skem\u00ebs sociale \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur p\u00ebr 559 familje n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e ndihm\u00ebs sociale\u201d, Shuma e mjeteve q\u00eb k\u00ebto familje marrin nga Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb prej 50 deri n\u00eb 150 euro n\u00eb muaj, var\u00ebsisht nga numri i an\u00ebtar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Ndihm\u00eb ekonomike urgjente<\/strong><\/h5>\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019ju dal\u00eb n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb bizneseve dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve q\u00eb mbet\u00ebn t\u00eb papun\u00eb, si dhe kategorive tjera q\u00eb u ndikuan ekonomikisht prej COVID-19, Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs miratoi\u00a0Pakon Emergjente Fiskale<\/a>\u00a0me vler\u00eb prej 179 milion\u00eb eurove. Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht Ministria e Financave dhe Transfereve, n\u00eb pakon e 10-t\u00eb emergjente tek pjesa e bizneseve ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb tri kategori t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve q\u00eb jan\u00eb prekur apo d\u00ebmtuar nga mbyllja e bizneseve apo nga mungesa e t\u00eb hyrave p\u00ebr ato biznese.<\/p>\n

Kategorit\u00eb e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb sipas pakos qeveritare jan\u00eb:<\/p>\n