{"id":7842,"date":"2016-11-30T11:50:25","date_gmt":"2016-11-30T09:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7842"},"modified":"2024-09-23T11:53:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T09:53:15","slug":"reforma-kunder-pabarazise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/reforma-kunder-pabarazise\/","title":{"rendered":"Reforma kund\u00ebr pabarazis\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Reforma kund\u00ebr pabarazis\u00eb duhet t\u00eb nis\u00eb me llogaritjen zyrtare t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb, analizimin e rezultateve t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies me q\u00ebllim shmangien e asimetrive sociale, dhe plot\u00ebsimin e tij me skema baz\u00eb si\u00e7 jan\u00eb mbrojtja e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe e t\u00eb papun\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb bllogun e kaluar u argumentua se pabarazia n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka qen\u00eb e lart\u00eb kat\u00ebr dekadat e fundit dhe se n\u00eb vitin 2015 ajo sh\u00ebnoi 43.7%, kalkuluar sipas t\u00eb ardhurave familjare (kriterit m\u00eb t\u00eb pranuesh\u00ebm e m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur t\u00eb llogaritjes s\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb). Mesatarja e Bashkimit Europian \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn 30%. Kosova ka qen\u00eb rajoni m\u00eb i pabarabart\u00eb n\u00eb Jugosllavi dhe mbetet shteti m\u00eb i pabarabart\u00eb n\u00eb gjith\u00eb Europ\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse politika e vendit \u00ebsht\u00eb e interesuar ta sfidoj\u00eb pabarazin\u00eb, ose thellimin e dallimeve dhe kriz\u00ebs sociale, duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb reforma n\u00eb sektorin e politik\u00ebs sociale dhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dobit\u00eb e luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr pabarazis\u00eb konsiderohen shum\u00ebdimensionale: se zvog\u00eblimi i saj kontribuon n\u00eb rritjen e shanseve q\u00eb kufizohen pa merit\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e perceptimit t\u00eb shtetit dhe t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb nga banor\u00ebt, n\u00eb rritjen e pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb mundshme n\u00eb jet\u00ebn politike, dhe se indikon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb anasjellt\u00eb n\u00eb rritjen e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb jet\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb, etj.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb kushtet e Kosov\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrmasave dramatike t\u00eb pabarazis\u00eb, sfidimi i saj do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebhej prioritet. Jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb potencialit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u2019u manifestuar n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb trazirave, por edhe si p\u00ebrcaktim reformator p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar demokracin\u00eb dhe kushtet e jetes\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ky bllog fokusohet n\u00eb reform\u00ebn e mundshme t\u00eb sektorit t\u00eb politikave sociale, p\u00ebrmes: (1) Nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb metodologjis\u00eb zyrtare t\u00eb matjes s\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb, (2) Peshimit t\u00eb implikimeve t\u00eb politikave bazuar n\u00eb (n\u00ebn)shtet\u00ebsi, dhe (3) Plot\u00ebsimit t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Q\u00eb prej instalimit t\u00eb skemave t\u00eb para t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies pas lufte, bazuar n\u00eb legjislacion (edhe pse thirrja n\u00eb indikator\u00eb ka pasur jovazhdim\u00ebsi), shumica e transfereve sociale bazohen n\u00eb matjen absolute t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebhet nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore dhe q\u00eb llogarit shpenzimin minimal n\u00eb konsum. Kjo matje nxjerr n\u00eb vetvete indikator\u00eb minimal\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb fund\u00ebm q\u00eb pagesat t\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb vogla dhe q\u00eb buxheti i shtetit t\u00eb mos ngarkohet. Legjislacioni rregullon se n\u00eb koh\u00eb krizash transferet mund t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohen, por jo q\u00eb edhe t\u00eb rriten bashk\u00eb me ekonomin\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kosova nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs. Matja e bazuar n\u00eb konsum do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb merrej vet\u00ebm si kriter dyt\u00ebsor n\u00ebse do t\u00eb paraqiteshin raste kur hyrjet do t\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla sesa konsumi minimal. T\u00eb gjitha vendet e Bashkimit Europian aplikojn\u00eb llogaritje relative t\u00eb rrezikut t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb, bazuar n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat familjare, sepse ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuara t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb pabarazin\u00eb. Si rezultat, transferet nd\u00ebrlidhen gjithnj\u00eb me hyrjet aktuale t\u00eb familjeve. K\u00ebshtu, ndryshimi i matjes do t\u00eb avanconte edhe indikator\u00ebt baz\u00eb shoq\u00ebror\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs edhe madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e transfereve.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse mesatarja e familjeve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs merret pesan\u00ebtar\u00ebshe, linja e varf\u00ebris\u00eb m\u00eb 2011 sipas t\u00eb ardhurave familjare do t\u00eb ishte af\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr 97.66 euro m\u00eb e lart\u00eb sesa ajo zyrtare (figura m\u00eb posht\u00eb). N\u00eb vitet e m\u00ebvonshme dallimi \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur sipas ndryshimeve n\u00eb treg. Meq\u00eb legjislacioni (ligji i pensioneve shtet\u00ebrore) thirret n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e varf\u00ebris\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb pagesat sociale do t\u00eb rriteshin p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dallim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dallimi prej 97.66 eurosh n\u00eb muaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i madh p\u00ebr elitat politike, por \u00ebsht\u00eb substancial p\u00ebr gjysm\u00ebn e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Ai do t\u00eb peshonte n\u00eb uljen e pabarazis\u00eb: n\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm ngaq\u00eb pagesat e atyre q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoheshin, kurse n\u00eb kuptim afatgjat\u00eb ngaq\u00eb interesimi i publikut p\u00ebr politikat sociale do t\u00eb ndiqte rritjen e buxhetit social.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Politika e Kosov\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb analizoj\u00eb rezultatet e skemave sociale nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi se si ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb kohezionin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm shoq\u00ebror dhe n\u00eb n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsi. N\u00eb blogun e dyt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar se si q\u00eb prej periudh\u00ebs af\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe pas saj, kur roli i autoriteteve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur, skemat e ngritura sociale kan\u00eb targetuar shqiptar\u00ebt, meshkujt dhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit n\u00eb sektorin publik. Ato jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb kan\u00eb shkuar kund\u00ebr gruas, f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, t\u00eb papun\u00ebve, por edhe kan\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb kontestimin e n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsis\u00eb pasi kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb afrimin e minoriteteve. Paralelisht, politikat kthyen dallimet klasore dhe t\u00eb statusit (p.sh. me caktimin e pensioneve kontributdh\u00ebn\u00ebse bazuar n\u00eb nivelin e arsimit).<\/span><\/p>\n

Shteti i mir\u00ebqenies gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb kompletohet. P\u00ebrderisa shum\u00eb shpesh flitet p\u00ebr ngritjen e ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak diskutohet p\u00ebr skema baz\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtje t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00ebve dhe vendi jep bursa n\u00eb raste shum\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara p\u00ebr student\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historikisht niveli i varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe pabarazis\u00eb ka qen\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Elitat, edhe n\u00eb Jugosllavi, sikurse pasluft\u00ebs, jan\u00eb arsyetuar me nevoja t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit institucional (si koncept infrastrukturor) dhe me shtr\u00ebngime buxhetore. E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se k\u00ebto arsyetime dhe nacionalizmi kan\u00eb qen\u00eb dhe mbeten instrumente me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb pasurimit t\u00eb elitave dhe mafias. Diku helbete edhe pasoja t\u00eb inxhinjeringut ideologjik, q\u00eb nuk rivler\u00ebson kontekstin e evoluimit t\u00eb rajonit dhe shterp\u00ebsin\u00eb e strategjive t\u00eb krijimit dhe kushteve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs t\u00eb ndjekura gjer m\u00eb sot.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, p\u00ebr dallim prej viteve 90-t\u00eb, tani ekzistojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsi demokratike p\u00ebr ta adresuar pabarazin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr ta parandaluar eskalimin e kriz\u00ebs. Pyetja \u00ebsht\u00eb: politika, do t\u00eb nis\u00eb, apo do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet t\u00eb niset?<\/span><\/p>\n

(N\u00eb blogun e ardhsh\u00ebm: si e rrisin pabarazin\u00eb taksat dhe politikat e pun\u00ebs, duke marr\u00eb si shkas lansimin n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb sigurimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, dhe si mund t\u00eb reformohen ato?)<\/span><\/p>\n

______________<\/span><\/p>\n

Bllogu mb\u00ebshtetet nga Friedrich-Ebert-Stifftung, zyra n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mendimet e shprehura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bllog nuk paraqesin medoemos besimet e Friedrich-Ebert-Stifftung.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reforma kund\u00ebr pabarazis\u00eb duhet t\u00eb nis\u00eb me llogaritjen zyrtare t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb, analizimin e rezultateve t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies me q\u00ebllim shmangien e asimetrive sociale, dhe plot\u00ebsimin e tij me skema baz\u00eb si\u00e7 jan\u00eb mbrojtja e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe e t\u00eb papun\u00ebve. N\u00eb bllogun e kaluar u argumentua se pabarazia n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka qen\u00eb e lart\u00eb kat\u00ebr […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":403,"featured_media":7815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1199],"ppma_author":[689],"class_list":["post-7842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-destrata"],"authors":[{"term_id":689,"user_id":403,"is_guest":0,"slug":"artan-mustafa","display_name":"Artan Mustafa","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/artan.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/artan.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Mustafa","first_name":"Artan","description":"Artan Mustafa \u00ebsht\u00eb hulumtues dhe ligj\u00ebrues n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e politik\u00ebs sociale. Ka studiuar shkenc\u00eb politike dhe zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs, Universitetin Uppsala dhe Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs, si dhe ka pasur q\u00ebndrime n\u00eb Universitetin e Missouri-t, t\u00eb Tokios dhe t\u00eb Oslos. Ka punuar n\u00eb gazetari q\u00eb nga viti 2001 dhe ka qen\u00eb kryeredaktor i Gazet\u00ebs Jeta n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (2011-2013)."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/403"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7842"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7844,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7842\/revisions\/7844"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7842"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}