{"id":7862,"date":"2017-10-20T13:34:35","date_gmt":"2017-10-20T11:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/?p=7862"},"modified":"2024-09-23T13:37:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T11:37:43","slug":"parlamenti-duhet-ta-anuloje-ligjin-per-sigurimet-shendetesore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/analize\/parlamenti-duhet-ta-anuloje-ligjin-per-sigurimet-shendetesore\/","title":{"rendered":"Parlamenti duhet ta anuloj\u00eb ligjin p\u00ebr sigurimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore"},"content":{"rendered":"

Meq\u00eb ligji aktual p\u00ebr sigurimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore – i projektuar nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore – d\u00ebshtoi t\u00eb zbatohet k\u00ebt\u00eb vit, Parlamenti duhet ta anuloj\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi p\u00ebr ta instaluar konceptin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb zbatuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb kontekstin ton\u00eb: at\u00eb t\u00eb Sigurimit Komb\u00ebtar Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00ebt\u00eb jav\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebt e Qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs njoftuan se fondet e parapara p\u00ebr t\u2019i kontribuar fillimit t\u00eb instalimit t\u00eb sigurimit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb konceptit konservativ, sipas ligjit t\u00eb prillit 2014, jan\u00eb devijuar n\u00eb vija tjera buxhetore (p\u00ebr veteran\u00ebt). Gjithashtu, u shfaq\u00ebn pik\u00ebpyetje publike n\u00ebse Fondi i Sigurimeve Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore mund t\u00eb ngritet vitin tjet\u00ebr.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bllog argumentohet se: Parlamenti duhet ta shfuqizoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ligj n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi dhe se koncepti universal i Sigurimit Komb\u00ebtar Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i mir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i zbatuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ligji i dizajnuar nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak se Kosova ka qen\u00eb n\u00ebn administrimin e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr tet\u00eb vjet (1999-2008) dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb pushtetit vendor politik, organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare kan\u00eb dizajnuar baz\u00ebn e ligjeve sociale – duke i orientuar ato kah interesat par\u00ebsore t\u00eb tregut. Pjes\u00eb e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe ligji aktual p\u00ebr Sigurimet Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, i cili vjen pothuajse si\u00e7 ka rekomanduar Banka Bot\u00ebrore <\/span>n\u00eb nj\u00eb publikim n\u00eb vitin 2008<\/span><\/a>, pasi kishte kund\u00ebrshtuar nj\u00eb projekt-ligj t\u00eb Parlamentit (2006).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tri pjes\u00eb t\u00eb publikimit meritojn\u00eb n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti t\u00eb citohen dhe t\u00eb analizohen:<\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u201c…<\/span>Pas k\u00ebshillave t\u00eb komunitetit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb donator\u00ebve, ligji (2006) ishte kthyer n\u00eb qeveri. Gjat\u00eb takimeve me qeverin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e donator\u00ebve, ishte arritur pajtim q\u00eb Banka Bot\u00ebrore do t\u00eb studionte financimin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb; ky raport \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i atij studimi.<\/span><\/i>\u201d (fq.ii).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Kjo fjali tregon rolin par\u00ebsor t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore n\u00eb dizajnimin e ligjit aktual.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/span>
\n<\/span>as a \u201c<\/span>Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mesin e sektor\u00ebve t\u00eb pak\u00ebt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor\u00eb q\u00eb ende kan\u00eb modelin Shemasko t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor – t\u00eb planifikuar nga qendra, Sh\u00ebrbimin Komb\u00ebtar Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb modelit t\u00eb ish-Bashkimit\u00a0 Sovjetik… Implementimi i sigurimit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte ndarjen e financimit dhe funksioneve sh\u00ebrbyese n\u00eb kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor…<\/span><\/i>\u201d slogans<\/span>
\n<\/span> (fq.5).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7do referenc\u00eb ndaj Bashkimit Sovjetik, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zhvillimeve n\u00eb dekadat e fundit, natyrisht krijon nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb distance dhe paragjykimi n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Por, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb Kosova vjen ekskluzivisht nga tradita e Bashkimit Sovjetik. N\u00eb fakt, ajo gjat\u00eb p\u00ebriudh\u00ebs s\u00eb socializmit vet\u00eb-qeveris\u00ebs ka pasur sigurim t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor me at\u00eb q\u00eb duhej t\u00eb hynte n\u00eb fuqi m\u00eb 2017 (dmth. sipas konceptit Bismarckian).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kosova e tashme dhe at\u00ebhershme kan\u00eb problemin kryesor t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb – at\u00eb t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit. BVI e Sigurimit Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor n\u00eb raportin vjetor t\u00eb planeve t\u00eb vitit 1978 (periudha m\u00eb e mir\u00eb e vet\u00eb-qeverisjes) raportonte p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn q\u00eb sigurimi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor t\u00eb adaptohej n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb \u201creciprocitetit dhe solidaritetit…n\u00eb uljen e dallimeve n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e mbrotjes sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore…sipas nevojave reale\u201d (fq.28-29). P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz kishin mbetur pa mbrojtje. E nj\u00ebjta do t\u00eb ndodhte edhe me ligjin aktual, ku t\u00eb papun\u00ebt pritet t\u00eb vet\u00ebfinancojn\u00eb sigurimin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb sigurimet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore duhet domosdoshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb ndahen. Shum\u00eb vende per\u00ebndimore – Britania e Madhe, Suedia, Norvegjia, Finlanda, Danimarka, Spanja, etj.- p\u00ebrdorin modelin universal (Beveridge) ose t\u00eb Sigurimit Komb\u00ebtar Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, ku financimi dhe sh\u00ebrbimi nuk ndahen. Sigurimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e drejt\u00eb universale p\u00ebr \u00e7do banor. Ky model i p\u00ebrshtatet m\u00eb shum\u00eb kontekstit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs (shih m\u00eb posht\u00eb).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/span>
\n<\/span>as a \u201c<\/span>Kosova mund t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb Fond t\u00eb Sigurimeve Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb pavarur si institucion financiar autonom kuazi-publik…Kjo do t\u00eb reflektonte p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn pozitive me organizimin dhe menaxhmentin nga TPK (Trusti Pensional i Kosov\u00ebs)<\/span><\/i>\u201d slogans<\/span>
\n<\/span>(fq.36).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngritja e kursimeve pensionale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (<\/span>shih bllogun e kaluar n\u00eb Destrata<\/span><\/a>), duke mos krijuar asnj\u00eb lloj solidariteti me kontributor\u00ebt e dikursh\u00ebm pensional\u00eb dhe asnj\u00eb lloj solidariteti nd\u00ebrmjet pensionist\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr projektet m\u00eb marketizuese (privatizuese) n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Juglindore. Shihet qart\u00eb q\u00eb Banka Bot\u00ebrore parimisht ka qen\u00eb e interesuar p\u00ebr ta marketizuar edhe sektorin e sh\u00ebrbimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrse TPK nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb model i mir\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrse duhen sigurimet universale<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngritja e TPK-s\u00eb ka pasur risk t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, p\u00ebr arsye se, sidomos n\u00eb vitet e fillimit, pothuajse vet\u00ebm ka grumbulluar kursime p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pensionimeve t\u00eb vogla. Fondi i Sigurimeve Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballej me shpenzime t\u00eb m\u00ebnj\u00ebhershme. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb dallimi kryesor.<\/span><\/p>\n

TPK nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb storie e suksesit; ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb storie e shpenzimeve shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha administrative (n\u00eb krahasim me shpenzimet e Qeveris\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime publike) dhe e harxhimit t\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme q\u00eb financon pensionist\u00ebt aktual\u00eb dhe kursimet individuale p\u00ebr vete q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb varura nga tregu, pa asnj\u00eb granaci afatgjat\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, ato nuk i kontribuojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb lloj solidariteti shoq\u00ebror.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse Sigurimet Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb ligjit aktual, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur hyrjen e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve nga tregu informal n\u00eb at\u00eb formal, ky ligj nuk e ka at\u00eb q\u00ebllim pasi nuk p\u00ebrdor politik\u00ebn e kontributeve progresive.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj m\u00eb i mir\u00eb se ligjet tjera sociale, me k\u00ebto t\u00eb meta, sikur me kursimet individuale pensionale, publiku kosovar do t\u2019i kontribuonte edhe m\u00eb tej kryesisht mir\u00ebqenies s\u00eb klas\u00ebs burokratike – pasi edhe kursimet pensionale t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve publik\u00eb (dmth. gati gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve formal\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb) edhe sigurimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb tyre do t\u00eb financoheshin kryesisht nga taksat e konsumit (burimi kryesor i buxhetit komb\u00ebtar), dmth. nga e t\u00ebr\u00eb shoq\u00ebria.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet e fundit, mbledhja e t\u00eb hyrave n\u00eb 5%-shin m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar p\u00ebr 100%. Derisa t\u00eb varfrit po varf\u00ebrohen, m\u00eb t\u00eb pasurit jan\u00eb duke u pasuruar – dhe at\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebrmes taksave popullore t\u00eb konsumit.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebto arsye, dhe p\u00ebr shkak se kontributi i buxhetit komb\u00ebtar n\u00eb sigurime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore \u00ebsht\u00eb gati i kudondodhsh\u00ebm, Kosova duhet ta ndjek\u00eb modelin e sigurimeve komb\u00ebtare sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb financuara nga buxheti komb\u00ebtar dhe t\u00eb zbatuara nga institucionet publike. Ky model \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb ridistribuiv, m\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb shtresave t\u00eb varfra, dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia p\u00ebr zbatimin e sigurimit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet nga politika, sesa nga tregu. Nga konteksti i viteve t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs, ku shteti nuk ka marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi eksplicite p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr financimit t\u00eb shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb kalohet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb model (ndryshimi i zakoneve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl), duke marr\u00eb detajet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira nga shtetet q\u00eb e ndjekin, p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb zbatuesh\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vend se t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtoj\u00eb shtresat e varfra nga t\u00eb drejtat sociale, Parlamenti i Kosov\u00ebs ka nevoj\u00eb urgjente t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb taksat n\u00eb t\u00eb hyrat e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb pasur – p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur buxhetin komb\u00ebtar dhe barazin\u00eb sociale. Informaliteti mund t\u00eb luftohet duke krijuar nxitje tjera si mbrojtja e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, financimi i pushimeve p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes, kujdesit ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve etj.<\/span><\/p>\n

___________<\/span><\/p>\n

Bllogu mb\u00ebshtetet nga Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, zyra n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/span><\/i>
\n<\/span><\/i>Mendimet e shprehura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bllog nuk paraqesin medoemos besimet e Friedrich-Ebert-Stifftung. <\/span><\/i><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Meq\u00eb ligji aktual p\u00ebr sigurimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore – i projektuar nga Banka Bot\u00ebrore – d\u00ebshtoi t\u00eb zbatohet k\u00ebt\u00eb vit, Parlamenti duhet ta anuloj\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi p\u00ebr ta instaluar konceptin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb zbatuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb kontekstin ton\u00eb: at\u00eb t\u00eb Sigurimit Komb\u00ebtar Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. K\u00ebt\u00eb jav\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebt e Qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs njoftuan se fondet e […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":403,"featured_media":7815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1199],"ppma_author":[689],"class_list":["post-7862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analize","tag-destrata"],"authors":[{"term_id":689,"user_id":403,"is_guest":0,"slug":"artan-mustafa","display_name":"Artan Mustafa","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/artan.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/artan.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Mustafa","first_name":"Artan","description":"Artan Mustafa \u00ebsht\u00eb hulumtues dhe ligj\u00ebrues n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e politik\u00ebs sociale. Ka studiuar shkenc\u00eb politike dhe zhvillim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs, Universitetin Uppsala dhe Universitetin e Prishtin\u00ebs, si dhe ka pasur q\u00ebndrime n\u00eb Universitetin e Missouri-t, t\u00eb Tokios dhe t\u00eb Oslos. Ka punuar n\u00eb gazetari q\u00eb nga viti 2001 dhe ka qen\u00eb kryeredaktor i Gazet\u00ebs Jeta n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (2011-2013)."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/403"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7863,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7862\/revisions\/7863"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7862"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sbunker.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}